The Bukobay Svita (also anglicized as Bukobay or Bukobai Formation) is a

Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided in chronostratigraphy. The Middle Triassic spans the time between Ma and ...

geological unit in

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

.Bukobay Formation
at

Fossilworks Fossilworks is a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database The Paleobiology Database is an online resource for information on the distribution and classification of fossil animals ...

.orgBukobai Formation
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.orgBukobaiskaya Suite
at

.org It is composed primarily of red or grey lacustrine sediments, reconstructing a humid and marshy depositional environment. Bukobay is the youngest section of a Triassic terrestrial succession exposed south of the

Ural Mountains The Ural Mountains ( ; rus, Ура́льские го́ры, r=Uralskiye gory, p=ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈɡorɨ; ba, Урал тауҙары) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western ...

. It is equivalent to a

biostratigraphic unit Biostratigraphy is the branch of stratigraphy which focuses on correlating and assigning relative ages of rock strata by using the fossil assemblages contained within them.Hine, Robert. “Biostratigraphy.” ''Oxford Reference: Dictionary of Bio ...

, the Bukobay Gorizont, which is also called the "Bukobay Horizon" or "''Mastodonsaurus''" fauna).

Fossil content

Notable components of the Bukobay fauna include ''"

Mastodonsaurus ''Mastodonsaurus'' (meaning "teat tooth lizard") is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian from the Middle Triassic of Europe. It belongs to a Triassic group of temnospondyls called Capitosauria, characterized by their large body size and pre ...

" torvus'' (a giant

capitosaur Capitosauria is an extinct group of large temnospondyl amphibians with simplified stereospondyl vertebrae. Mainly living as piscivores in lakes and rivers, the Capitosauria and its sister taxon Trematosauria were the only major labyrinthodonts t ...

amphibian), '' Malutinisuchus gratus'' and '' Energosuchus garjainovi'', the insect '' Mesoneta uralensis'', '' Elephantosaurus jachimovitschi'' (a large

dicynodont Dicynodontia is an extinct clade of anomodonts, an extinct type of non-mammalian therapsid. Dicynodonts were herbivorous animals with a pair of tusks, hence their name, which means 'two dog tooth'. Members of the group possessed a horny, typicall ...

), and '' Chalishevia cothurnata'' (the youngest known

erythrosuchid Erythrosuchidae (meaning "red crocodiles" in Greek) are a family of large basal archosauriform carnivores that lived from the later Early Triassic (Olenekian) to the early Middle Triassic (Anisian). Naming The family Erythrosuchidae was named b ...

Temnospondyl Temnospondyli (from Greek language, Greek τέμνειν, ''temnein'' 'to cut' and σπόνδυλος, ''spondylos'' 'vertebra') is a diverse order (biology), order of small to giant tetrapods—often considered Labyrinthodontia, primitive amphi ...

s include '' Bukobaja enigmatica'', ''

Cyclotosaurus ''Cyclotosaurus'' is an extinct genus of temnospondyl within the family Mastodonsauridae. It was of great size for an amphibian, had an elongated skull up to . Etymology The name means "round eared lizard" in Ancient Greek, derived from round ...

'', '' Plagioscutum caspiense'' and '' Plagiorophus paraboliceps'', with '' Ceratodus orenburgensis'' and '' C. bucobaensis'' as fish. The flora is also diverse, including '' Equisetites arenaceus'' (a species of giant

horsetails ''Equisetum'' (; horsetail, snake grass, puzzlegrass) is the only living genus in Equisetaceae, a family of ferns, which reproduce by spores rather than seeds. ''Equisetum'' is a "living fossil", the only living genus of the entire subclass Eq ...

) and

Ladinian The Ladinian is a stage and age in the Middle Triassic series or epoch. It spans the time between Ma and ~237 Ma (million years ago). The Ladinian was preceded by the Anisian and succeeded by the Carnian (part of the Upper or Late Triassic). ...

-age palynomorphs.Tverdokhlebov et al., 2003Tverdokhlebov et al., 2020

References

Bibliography

* * * {{cite journal , last1=Schoch , first1=R. , first2=A. R. , last2=Milner , year=2000 , title=Stereospondyli , journal=Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie , volume=3B , pages=1–20

Fossil content

See also

References

Bibliography

Further reading