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Brazilian Cruzeiro (1970–1986)
Brazilian cruzeiro refers to any of four distinct Brazilian currencies: * Brazilian cruzeiro (1942–1967), worth 1,000 Brazilian réis * Brazilian cruzeiro (1967–1986), denominated ''cruzeiro novo'' between 1967 and 1970 in the transition from the previous standard banknotes to the new banknotes issued by Casa da Moeda do Brasil to avoid confusion between the old and the new currency. * Brazilian cruzeiro (1990–1993), redenomination of cruzado novo stemming from the Plano Collor. * Brazilian cruzeiro real (1993–1994), currency with a view to facilitating accounting transactions in the transition between cruzeiro and Real, necessary due to the difficulties of accounting values at the time due to inflation. See also * Brazilian cruzado (1986–1989) * Brazilian cruzado novo (1989–1990) * ''O Cruzeiro ''O Cruzeiro'' (initially just ''Cruzeiro'') was a Brazilian illustrated weekly magazine, published in Rio de Janeiro from 1928 until 1985, with the exception of the peri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Currency
The Brazilian currency has been renamed and redefined several times through its history. Since 1994, the official one is the Brazilian real (plural ''reais'', with symbol R$ and ISO code BRL. Historical currencies Note that the dates of various currencies overlap. For example, the cruzeiro novo was still legal tender for 2 years after the second cruzeiro was introduced. Not considering inflation, one modern Brazilian real is equivalent to 2,750,000,000,000,000,000 times the old real, that is, (2.75 quintillion) réis. Before leaving Brazil in 1821, the Portuguese royal court withdrew all the bullion currency it could from banks in exchange for what would become worthless bond notes; Banknotes The following tables indicate what banknotes were present in each of the currencies of Brazil, except for the provisional issues of banknotes to exchange gold in the colonial period: , - ! 0.01 !! 0.05 !! 0.10 !! 0.50 !! 1 !! 2 !! 5 !! 10 !! 20 !! 50 !! 100 !! 200 !! 500 !! ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Cruzado Novo
The Cruzado Novo was the short-lived currency of Brazil between 15 January 1989 and 15 March 1990. It replaced the cruzado in the rate of 1000 cruzados = 1 cruzado novo. It had the symbol \mathrm\!\!\!\Vert and the ISO 4217 code ''BRN''. In 1990, the cruzado novo was renamed the (third) cruzeiro. This currency was subdivided in 100 ''centavos''. The redenomination was the result of Plano Verão, which would become one of several heterodox plans in an attempt to stabilize the currency, and the path of redenomination was used to try to circumvent possible legal challenges due to rights established in the currency at that time, as happened in the Bresser Plan. The method of monetary redenomination would be used again in 1990, when Fernando Collor de Mello assumed the presidency, and this redenomination to cruzeiro was on par with this currency then in circulation, despite the even darker effects of such an economic plan. Unlike the Cruzeiro Novo denomination of the late 1960s, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1993 Disestablishments In Brazil
File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peacefully dissolved into the Czech Republic and Slovakia; In the United States, the ATF besieges a compound belonging to David Koresh and the Branch Davidians in a search for illegal weapons, which ends in the building being set alight and killing most inside; Eritrea gains independence; A major snow storm passes over the United States and Canada, leading to over 300 fatalities; Drug lord and narcoterrorist Pablo Escobar is killed by Colombian special forces; Ramzi Yousef and other Islamic terrorists detonate a truck bomb in the subterranean garage of the North Tower of the World Trade Center in the United States., 300x300px, thumb rect 0 0 200 200 Oslo I Accord rect 200 0 400 200 1993 Russian constitutional crisis rect 400 0 600 200 Dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1990 Establishments In Brazil
Year 199 ( CXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was sometimes known as year 952 ''Ab urbe condita''. The denomination 199 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Mesopotamia is partitioned into two Roman provinces divided by the Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Osroene. * Emperor Septimius Severus lays siege to the city-state Hatra in Central-Mesopotamia, but fails to capture the city despite breaching the walls. * Two new legions, I Parthica and III Parthica, are formed as a permanent garrison. China * Battle of Yijing: Chinese warlord Yuan Shao defeats Gongsun Zan. Korea * Geodeung succeeds Suro of Geumgwan Gaya, as king of the Korean kingdom of Gaya (traditional date). By topic Religion * Pope Zephyrinus succeeds Pope Victor I, as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1986 Disestablishments In Brazil
The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 **Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. **Spain and Portugal enter the European Community, which becomes the European Union in 1993. *January 11 – The Sir Leo Hielscher Bridges, Gateway Bridge in Brisbane, Australia, at this time the world's longest prestressed concrete free-cantilever bridge, is opened. *January 13–January 24, 24 – South Yemen Civil War. *January 20 – The United Kingdom and France announce plans to construct the Channel Tunnel. *January 24 – The Voyager 2 space probe makes its first encounter with Uranus. *January 25 – Yoweri Museveni's National Resistance Army Rebel group takes over Uganda after leading a five-year guerrilla war in which up to half a million people are believed to have been killed. They will later use January 26 as the official date to avoid a coincidence of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1942 Establishments In Brazil
Year 194 ( CXCIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Septimius and Septimius (or, less frequently, year 947 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 194 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Septimius Severus and Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar become Roman Consuls. * Battle of Issus: Septimius Severus marches with his army (12 legions) to Cilicia, and defeats Pescennius Niger, Roman governor of Syria. Pescennius retreats to Antioch, and is executed by Severus' troops. * Septimius Severus besieges Byzantium (194–196); the city walls suffer extensive damage. Asia * Battle of Yan Province: Warlords Cao Cao and Lü Bu fight for control over Yan Province; the battle lasts for over 100 days ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Currencies Of Brazil
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of these events. Historians seek knowledge of the past using historical sources such as written documents, oral accounts, art and material artifacts, and ecological markers. History is not complete and still has debatable mysteries. History is also an academic discipline which uses narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of cause and effect. Historians often debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians also debate the nature of history as an end in itself, as well as its usefulness to give perspective on the problems of the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
O Cruzeiro
''O Cruzeiro'' (initially just ''Cruzeiro'') was a Brazilian illustrated weekly magazine, published in Rio de Janeiro from 1928 until 1985, with the exception of the period from August 1975 to June 1977. History and profile The publication, subtitled ''Revista Semanal Illustrada'', was originally named just ''Cruzeiro'', after the constellation of the Southern Cross (''Cruzeiro do Sul'').(1928): "Editorial No. 1", ''Cruzeiro'', dated 1928-12-06. The first edition was released with 70 pages on 10 November 1928 and was published by ''Empresa Grafico Cruzeiro S.A.'' of Dr. José Mariano Filho in 152 Rua Buenos Aires. In jume 1929, by issue number 30, the magazine changed its name to ''O Cruzeiro''.SERPA, Leoní (2007):A contribuição de O Cruzeiro para com o jornalismo brasileiro (1928-1945). It was owned by the media conglomerate Diários Associados owned by Assis Chateaubriand. The director was Carlos Malheiro Dias until 1933, succeeded by Antonio Accioly Netto. ''O Cruzeiro'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Cruzado
The cruzado was the currency of Brazil from 1986 to 1989. It replaced the second Brazilian cruzeiro (1967–1986), cruzeiro (at first called the "cruzeiro novo") in 1986, at a rate of 1 cruzado = 1000 cruzeiros (novos) and was replaced in 1989 by the Brazilian cruzado novo, cruzado novo at a rate of 1000 cruzados = 1 cruzado novo. This currency was subdivided in 100 centavos and it had the symbol \mathrm\!\!\!\Vert and the ISO 4217 code ''BRC''. Coins Standard Stainless-steel coins were introduced in 1986 in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 centavos, and 1 and 5 cruzados, with 10 cruzados following in 1987. Coin production ceased in 1988. Commemorative Three designs of commemorative 100 cruzado coins, celebrating the 100th anniversary of the abolition of slavery in the country (the Lei Áurea), were produced in 1988. Although very rare in circulation, the numbers' design was carried over into both Brazilian cruzado novo, Cruzado Novo and the third Brazilian cruzeir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Cruzeiro (1942–1967)
The (first) cruzeiro (Cr$) was the official currency of Brazil from 1942 to 1967. It replaced the old real (pl. ''réis''), which had been in use since colonial times, at the rate of Rs 1$000 = Cr$1, It was in turn replaced by the cruzeiro novo, at the rate of Cr$1,000 = NCr$1. The name cruzeiro was later reused for two other currencies, which were official in 1970–1986 (initially denominated as the ''cruzeiro novo'' to avoid confusion between new and old currency) and 1990–1993. The cruzeiro was divided into 100 centavos, a convention that persisted through all subsequent Brazilian currencies, but in the first cruzeiro, values below Cr$0.10 were never issued because Rs 10 coins (equivalent to Cr$0.01) had not circulated since the end of the 19th century, and Rs 20 and Rs 50 coins (equivalent to Cr$0.02 and Cr$0.05 respectively) had not been issued since 1935. Initially, the project, dating from the late 1920s, was that the amount to be converted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Real
The Brazilian real (plural, pl. '; currency symbol, sign: R$; ISO 4217, code: BRL) is the official currency of Brazil. It is subdivided into 100 centavos. The Central Bank of Brazil is the central bank and the issuing authority. The real replaced the Brazilian cruzeiro real, cruzeiro real in 1994. As of April 2019, the real was the twentieth most traded currency. History Currencies in use before the current real include: * The ''Portuguese real'' from the 16th to 18th centuries, with 1,000 ''réis'' called the ''milréis''. * The ''Brazilian real (old), old Brazilian real'' from 1747 to 1942, with 1,000 ''réis'' also called the ''milréis''. * The ''Brazilian cruzeiro (1942–1967), first cruzeiro'' from 1942 to 1967, at 1 cruzeiro = 1 ''milréis'' or 1,000 ''réis''. * The ''Brazilian cruzeiro novo, cruzeiro novo'' from 1967 to 1970, at 1 cruzeiro novo = 1,000 first cruzeiros. From 1970 it was simply called the ''Brazilian cruzeiro (1967-1986), (second) cruzeiro'' and was u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Cruzeiro Real
The cruzeiro real (\mathrm\!\!\!\Vert, plural: ''cruzeiros reais'') was the short-lived currency of Brazil between August 1, 1993, and June 30, 1994. It was subdivided in 100 centavos; however, this unit was used only for accounting purposes, and the coins and banknotes still valid for cruzeiro between 10 and 500 cruzeiros were used for the purpose of corresponding to the cents of that coin, especially when the redenomination was carried out. The currency had the ISO 4217 code ''BRR''. This redenomination, at the beginning of the second half of 1993, was made with the objective of facilitating the accounting of day-to-day activities, which in the previous unit implied the placement of several zeros that made it difficult to record values in calculators and machines. that issued tax coupons in an automated way at that time, with the objective that such relatively fragile systems would not present problems in the accounting of such values, especially in the rampant inflation i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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