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Braille Kanji
is a system of braille for transcribing written Japanese. It was devised in 1969 by , a teacher at the , and was still being revised in 1991. It supplements Japanese Braille by providing a means of directly encoding kanji characters without having to first convert them to kana. It uses an 8-dot braille cell, with the lower six dots corresponding to the cells of standard Japanese Braille, and the upper two dots indicating the constituent parts of the kanji. The upper dots are numbered 0 (upper left) and 7 (upper right), the opposite convention of 8-dot braille in Western countries, where the extra dots are added to the bottom of the cell. A kanji will be transcribed by anywhere from one to three braille cells. Principles Only kanji use the upper dots 0 and 7. A cell occupying only dots 1–6 is to be read as kana, or less commonly as the middle element of a three-cell kanji. Kana readings are used to derive common kanji elements that share that reading. For example, the kana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Night Writing
Night writing is the name given to a form of writing invented by Charles Barbier as one of a dozen forms of alternative writing presented in a book published in 1815: ''Essai sur Divers Procédés D'Expéditive Française, Contenant douze écritures différentes, avec une Planche pour chaque procédé'' (Essay on Various Processes of French Expedition, Containing twelve different writings, with a Plate for each process). The term (in French: ''écriture nocturne'') does not appear in the book, but was later applied to the method shown on Plate VII of that book. This method of writing with raised dots that could be read by touch was adopted at the Institution Royale des Jeune Aveugles (Royal Institution for Blind Youth) in Paris. Barbier also invented the tools for creating writing with raised dots. A student at the school, Louis Braille, used the tools and Barbier's idea of communicating with raised dots in a form of code, and developed a more compact and flexible system for comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braille Pattern Dots-4
The Braille pattern dots-4 ( ) is a 6-dot or 8-dot braille cell with the top right dot raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2808, and in Braille ASCII with the "at" sign: @. Unified Braille In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-4 is used as a formatting indicator, accent mark, or punctuation.. Table of unified braille values Other braille Plus dots 7 and 8 Related to Braille pattern dots-4 are Braille patterns 47, 48, and 478, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. Related 8-dot kantenji patterns In the Japanese kantenji is a system of braille for transcribing written Japanese. It was devised in 1969 by , a teacher at the , and was still being revised in 1991. It supplements Japanese Braille by providing a means of directly encoding kanji characters without ha ... braille, the standard 8-dot Braille patterns 5, 15, 45, and 145 are the patterns related to Braille ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braille Pattern Dots-135
The Braille pattern dots-135 () is a 6-dot braille cell with the top and bottom left, and middle right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top and lower-middle left, and upper-middle right dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2815, and in Braille ASCII with the letter "O". Unified Braille In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-135 is used to represent close-mid to open-mid back rounded vowels, such as /o/, /o̞/, or /ɔ/.. Table of unified braille values Other braille Plus dots 7 and 8 Related to Braille pattern dots-135 are Braille patterns 1357, 1358, and 13578, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. Related 8-dot kantenji patterns In the Japanese kantenji is a system of braille for transcribing written Japanese. It was devised in 1969 by , a teacher at the , and was still being revised in 1991. It supplements Japanese Braille by providing a mean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braille Pattern Dots-35
The Braille pattern dots-35 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the bottom left and middle right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the lower-middle left and upper-middle right dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2814, and in Braille ASCII with the number 9. Unified Braille In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-35 is used to represent unrounded, close or near-close, front to central vowel, such as /i/, /ɪ/, /ɪ̈/, or /ɨ/ when multiple letters correspond to these values, and is otherwise assigned as needed.. Table of unified braille values Other braille Plus dots 7 and 8 Related to Braille pattern dots-35 are Braille patterns 357, 358, and 3578, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. Related 8-dot kantenji patterns In the Japanese kantenji is a system of braille for transcribing written Japanese. It was devised in 1969 by , a teacher at the , and was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braille Pattern Dots-125
The Braille pattern dots-125 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the top left and both middle dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top left and both upper-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2813, and in Braille ASCII with H. Unified Braille In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-125 is used to represent guttural fricatives and approximants, such as /h/, /ħ/, or /ɦ/, and is otherwise assigned as needed. It is also used for the number 8.. Table of unified braille values Other braille Plus dots 7 and 8 Related to Braille pattern dots-125 are Braille patterns 1257, 1258, and 12578, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. Related 8-dot kantenji patterns In the Japanese kantenji is a system of braille for transcribing written Japanese. It was devised in 1969 by , a teacher at the , and was still being revised in 1991. It supplements Japanese Braill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braille Pattern Dots-25
The Braille pattern dots-25 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with both middle dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with both upper-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2812, and in Braille ASCII with the number 3. Unified Braille In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-25 is used to represent a colon or other punctuation or mathematical operators.. Table of unified braille values Other braille Plus dots 7 and 8 Related to Braille pattern dots-25 are Braille patterns 257, 258, and 2578, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. Related 8-dot kantenji patterns In the Japanese kantenji is a system of braille for transcribing written Japanese. It was devised in 1969 by , a teacher at the , and was still being revised in 1991. It supplements Japanese Braille by providing a means of directly encoding kanji characters without ha ... braille, the standard 8-dot Braill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braille Pattern Dots-15
The Braille pattern dots-15 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the top left and middle right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top left and right upper-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2811, and in Braille ASCII with E. Unified Braille In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-15 is used to represent unrounded, near- mid, front vowels, such as /e/ or /ɛ/. It is also used for the number 5.. Table of unified braille values Other braille Plus dots 7 and 8 Related to Braille pattern dots-15 are Braille patterns 157, 158, and 1578, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. Related 8-dot kantenji patterns In the Japanese kantenji is a system of braille for transcribing written Japanese. It was devised in 1969 by , a teacher at the , and was still being revised in 1991. It supplements Japanese Braille by providing a means of directly encoding kanji ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braille Pattern Dots-5
The Braille pattern dots-5 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the middle right dot raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the upper-middle right dot raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2810, and in Braille ASCII with a quote mark: ". Unified Braille In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-5 is used as a formatting indicator, accent mark, or punctuation.. Table of unified braille values Other braille Plus dots 7 and 8 Related to Braille pattern dots-5 are Braille patterns 57, 58, and 578, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. Related 8-dot kantenji patterns In the Japanese kantenji is a system of braille for transcribing written Japanese. It was devised in 1969 by , a teacher at the , and was still being revised in 1991. It supplements Japanese Braille by providing a means of directly encoding kanji characters without ha ... braille, the standard 8-dot Braille patter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braille Pattern Dots-1234
The Braille pattern dots-1234 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with both top and all left-side dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with both top and both middle-left dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+280f, and in Braille ASCII with P. Unified Braille In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-1234 is used to represent a voiceless bilabial plosive, ie /p/.. Table of unified braille values Other braille Plus dots 7 and 8 Related to Braille pattern dots-1234 are Braille patterns 12347, 12348, and 123478, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. Related 8-dot kantenji patterns In the Japanese kantenji is a system of braille for transcribing written Japanese. It was devised in 1969 by , a teacher at the , and was still being revised in 1991. It supplements Japanese Braille by providing a means of directly encoding kanji characters without ha ... braille, the standard 8- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braille Pattern Dots-234
The Braille pattern dots-234 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the top right, and middle and bottom left dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top right and both middle left dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+280e, and in Braille ASCII with S. Unified Braille In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-234 is used to represent a voiceless alveolar fricative, ie /s/.. Table of unified braille values Other braille Plus dots 7 and 8 Related to Braille pattern dots-234 are Braille patterns 2347, 2348, and 23478, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. Related 8-dot kantenji patterns In the Japanese kantenji is a system of braille for transcribing written Japanese. It was devised in 1969 by , a teacher at the , and was still being revised in 1991. It supplements Japanese Braille by providing a means of directly encoding kanji characters without ha ... braille, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braille Pattern Dots-134
The Braille pattern dots-134 () is a 6-dot braille cell with both top and the bottom left dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with both top and the lower-middle left dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+280d, and in Braille ASCII with M. Unified Braille In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-134 is used to represent a bilabial nasal, i.e. /m/.. Table of unified braille values Other braille Plus dots 7 and 8 Related to Braille pattern dots-134 are Braille patterns 1347, 1348, and 13478, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. Related 8-dot kantenji patterns In the Japanese kantenji is a system of braille for transcribing written Japanese. It was devised in 1969 by , a teacher at the , and was still being revised in 1991. It supplements Japanese Braille by providing a means of directly encoding kanji characters without ha ... braille, the standard 8-dot Braille ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braille Pattern Dots-34
The Braille pattern dots-34 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the top right and bottom left dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top right and lower-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+280c, and in Braille ASCII with the slash: /. Unified Braille In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-34 is used to represent a front, open to close diphthong, i.e. /ai/, or otherwise assigned as needed.. Table of unified braille values Other braille Plus dots 7 and 8 Related to Braille pattern dots-34 are Braille patterns 347, 348, and 3478, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. Related 8-dot kantenji patterns In the Japanese kantenji is a system of braille for transcribing written Japanese. It was devised in 1969 by , a teacher at the , and was still being revised in 1991. It supplements Japanese Braille by providing a means of directly encoding kanji charact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
