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Botur
Ela Botur ( Chechen: "''Эла Ботур"'' = "Prince Botur", also known as "''Ele Badur"'' in historical sources) was a Chechen feudal lord and king of Boturcha who led a pro-Mongol administration of newly established state. His later life and reign correspond to the historical personality mentioned in the Chinese chronicle Yuan-Shi–"''Ele Badur"'' Family {{Tree chart/end Esirat (niece of botur) Early reign Botur was the ruler of the village Boturcha (subject to the Kingdom of Alania), which, according Suleymanov, was named after him. Before the Mongol invasions of Durdzuketi, Botur (along with several other Alan feudal lords) conducted secret negotiations with the Mongol Empire, in which an independent state under his rule after the invasion of Alania and Durdzuketi was discussed. Boturcha rebellion With the start of the main Mongol campaign in 1238, he, accompanied by his two brothers Matarsha and Utszorbu Khan as well as his son Illes and grandson Yu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongol Invasions Of Durdzuketi
Throughout the 13th and 14th century, the ancestors of the Nakh peoples, Vainakh people, the Durdzuks, among different states and factions, waged a brutal and fierce war against the Mongol Empire, who sought to occupy the lands of the Nakh peoples, Vaynakh. Despite the inferiority in numbers and weapons, the Durdzuks managed to mostly keep their independence, although this also came at a heavy cost, as their resistance resulted in mass amounts of death among the Durdzuks and the destruction of their states, but also greatly shaped the people they would later become. The access to the lowlands was also lost, thus forcing the Durdzuks to adapt to their new situation, such as terracing plots of land and covering them in soil. The Sado-Orsoy dynasty, a clan which had been ruling the medieval Nakh state known as "Durdzuketi" in Georgian sources, was also driven to near extinction. Due to their constant resistance, at the end of the third Mongol campaign in 1240, an active result of heirs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Maghas
The Siege of Maghas was the largest battle during the Mongol invasions of the North Caucasus, which was fought between the Mongol Empire and its allies and the Durdzuketi and the Kingdom of Alania. The historic capital of the Alans and Durdzuks, whose location is strongly debated, was besieged for 3 months, until it eventually fell to the Mongols, who destroyed it afterwards. This resulted in the capitulation and eventual destruction of the Kingdom of Alania and the Principality of Durdzuketi as well as the mass migration of Durdzuks and Alans into the mountains. category: Battles involving Chechnya category: History of Chechnya category: Battles involving Ingushetia category: Battles involving the Alans category: 13th-century conflicts category: History of Ingushetia Background Mongol invasion of Circassia In 1236, Ögedei Khan sent a large army consisting of more than 200,000 under the command of Batu Khan (along with other commdanders) to the North Caucasus to h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ors Ela
Ors ( Chechen: ''Ors Ela''–Орс Эла or ''Ars-Ela''–Арс Эла, in historical sources referred to as "''Ars-Alan''") was a Chechen feudal lord from the Sado-Orsoy dynasty of Chechnya and the leader of the pro-Mongol Durdzuk administration in the 13th century. In Chechen folklore he is also credited with being the ancestor of the Elistanzhoy ( Chechen: ''Элистанжой''). In historical records, he is referred to as Ars-Alan. Family Although being part of the same royal house, the connection between Ors and the ruling family (such as Khour II) is not known. In the historical Chinese chronicle Yuan-Shi however, the names of Ors' descendants are given: * Ors ** Asanzhen ** Nikolai ** Miklai *** Unknown **** Tszya-Khua ***** Chzhoyanibu-Khua Early reign Before the Main Mongol campaign of Durdzuketi Alania, Ors was the ruler of the city Arsoy, located in the Southeast of Chechnya, not far from the border to Dagestan. Mongol invasion of Durdzuketi and Alan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chechen Language
Chechen (, ) (, , ) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by 2 million people, mostly in the Chechen Republic and by members of the Chechen diaspora throughout Russia and the rest of Europe, Jordan, Central Asia (mainly Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan) and Georgia. Classification Chechen is a Northeast Caucasian language. Together with the closely related Ingush, with which there exists a large degree of mutual intelligibility and shared vocabulary, it forms the Vainakh branch. Dialects There are a number of Chechen dialects: Ehki, Chantish, Chebarloish, Malkhish, Nokhchmakhkakhoish, Orstkhoish, Sharoish, Shuotoish, Terloish, Itum-Qalish and Himoish. The Kisti dialect of Georgia is not easily understood by northern Chechens without a few days' practice. One difference in pronunciation is that Kisti aspirated consonants remain aspirated when they are doubled (fortis) or after /s/, but they then lose their aspiration in other dialects. Dialects of Chechen can be classified by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People By Ethnicity
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European People By Nationality
European, or Europeans, or Europeneans, may refer to: In general * ''European'', an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to Europe ** Ethnic groups in Europe ** Demographics of Europe ** European cuisine, the cuisines of Europe and other Western countries * ''European'', an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to the European Union ** Citizenship of the European Union ** Demographics of the European Union In publishing * ''The European'' (1953 magazine), a far-right cultural and political magazine published 1953–1959 * ''The European'' (newspaper), a British weekly newspaper published 1990–1998 * ''The European'' (2009 magazine), a German magazine first published in September 2009 *''The European Magazine'', a magazine published in London 1782–1826 *''The New European'', a British weekly pop-up newspaper first published in July 2016 Other uses * * Europeans (band), a British post-punk group, from Bristol See also * * * Europe (disam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern European People
Eastern may refer to: Transportation *China Eastern Airlines, a current Chinese airline based in Shanghai * Eastern Air, former name of Zambia Skyways * Eastern Air Lines, a defunct American airline that operated from 1926 to 1991 *Eastern Air Lines (2015), an American airline that began operations in 2015 *Eastern Airlines, LLC, previously Dynamic International Airways, a U.S. airline founded in 2010 *Eastern Airways, an English/British regional airline *Eastern Provincial Airways, a defunct Canadian airline that operated from 1949 to 1986 *Eastern Railway (other), various railroads * Eastern Avenue (other), various roads *Eastern Parkway (other), various parkways *Eastern Freeway, Melbourne, Australia *Eastern Freeway Mumbai, Mumbai, India *, a cargo liner in service 1946-65 Education *Eastern University (other) * Eastern College (other) Other uses * Eastern Broadcasting Limited, former name of Maritime Broadcasting System, Cana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or dyna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Sadoy-Lam
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and Battle of Stalingrad, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, wherea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vedeno
Vedeno (russian: Ведено; ce, Ведана, ''Vedana'') is a rural locality (a '' selo'') and the administrative center of Vedensky District, Chechnya. Administrative and municipal status Municipally, Vedeno is incorporated into Vedenskoye rural settlement. It is the administrative center of the municipality and is one of the four settlements included in it. The village is also the administrative center of Vedensky District. Geography The village of Vedeno is located in the central part of Vedensky District, between the Akhkinchu and Khulkhulau rivers. It is located south-east of the city of Grozny. The nearest settlements to Vedeno are Ersenoy in the north-east, Dyshne-Vedeno in the south-east, Mekhkadettan-Irze in the south-west, Eshilkhatoy in the west, and Zelamkhin-Kotar in the north-west. The village is located at an average altitude of 722 meters above sea level. To the south, the Khoroch ridge rises above Vedeno, with the mountain peak of the same name. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chechnya
Chechnya ( rus, Чечня́, Chechnyá, p=tɕɪtɕˈnʲa; ce, Нохчийчоь, Noxçiyçö), officially the Chechen Republic,; ce, Нохчийн Республика, Noxçiyn Respublika is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, close to the Caspian Sea. The republic forms a part of the North Caucasian Federal District, and shares land borders with the country of Georgia to its south; with the Russian republics of Dagestan, Ingushetia, and North Ossetia-Alania to its east, north, and west; and with Stavropol Krai to its northwest. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Checheno-Ingush ASSR split into two parts: the Republic of Ingushetia and the Chechen Republic. The latter proclaimed the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, which sought independence. Following the First Chechen War of 1994–1996 with Russia, Chechnya gained ''de facto'' independence as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, although ''de jure'' it rem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Yuan
The ''History of Yuan'' (''Yuán Shǐ''), also known as the ''Yuanshi'', is one of the official Chinese historical works known as the ''Twenty-Four Histories'' of China. Commissioned by the court of the Ming dynasty, in accordance to political tradition, the text was composed in 1370 by the official Bureau of History of the Ming dynasty, under direction of Song Lian (1310–1381). The compilation formalized the official history of the preceding Yuan dynasty. Under the guidance of Song Lian, the official dynastic history broke with the old Confucian historiographical tradition, establishing a new historical framework asserting that the influence of history was equal in influence to the great Confucian classics in determining the course of human affairs. Layout and contents The historical work consists of 210 chapters chronicling the history of the Yuan dynasty from the time of Genghis Khan (c. 1162–1227) to the flight of the last Yuan emperor, Toghon Temür ("Emperor Huizo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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