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Borl
Bharat Oman Refineries Limited (BORL) which is under the ownership of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas of the government of India. It owns and operates Bina Refinery, located at Bina in the Bina-etawa district of the state of Madhya Pradesh in India. The company was incorporated as a joint venture between Bharat Petroleum Corporation (BPCL) and Oman Oil Company Ltd (now OQ). Since 2021, it is a wholly owned subsidiary of BPCL. The Bina Refinery was commissioned in 11 May 2011 with an annual capacity of 6 million tonnes. The capacity of the refinery was further enhanced to 7.8 million tonnes per year in 2018. History Bharat Oman Refineries Limited (BORL) was incorporated in 1994 as a public limited company with equal equity participation of Bharat Petroleum and Oman Oil Company Ltd (now OQ). Work on the refinery at Bina however began only in 2006. The project faced significant delays on account of environmental clearances and poor infrastructure and suffered from severe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tonne
The tonne ( or ; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms. It is a non-SI unit accepted for use with SI. It is also referred to as a metric ton to distinguish it from the non-metric units of the short ton ( United States customary units), and the long ton ( British imperial units). It is equivalent to approximately 2204.6 pounds, 1.102 short tons, and 0.984 long tons. The official SI unit is the megagram (symbol: Mg), a less common way to express the same mass. Symbol and abbreviations The BIPM symbol for the tonne is t, adopted at the same time as the unit in 1879.Table 6 . BIPM. Retrieved on 2011-07-10. Its use is also official for the metric ton in the United States, having been adopted by the United States |
Kota, Rajasthan
Kota (), previously known as ''Kotah'', is a city located in the southeast of northern Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located about south of the state capital, Jaipur, situated on the banks of Chambal River. With a population of over 1.2 million, it is the third most populous city of Rajasthan after Jaipur and Jodhpur, 46th most populous city of India and 53rd most populous urban agglomeration of India. It serves as the administrative headquarters for Kota district and Kota division. Kota is a major coaching hub of the country for competitive examination preparations and has a number of engineering and medical coaching institutes. The city of Kota was once the part of the erstwhile Rajput kingdom of Bundi. It became a separate princely state in the 16th century. Apart from the several monuments that reflect the glory of the town, Kota is also known for its palaces and gardens. Mahesh Vijay of Bhartiya Janta Party was the last mayor of Kota. As of now, the city is being ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vadinar
Vadinar is small coastal town located in Devbhumi Dwarka district of the state of Gujarat, India. The offshore oil terminal of the Kandla Port Trust (K. P. T.) (Previously known as Kandla Port Trust, Kandla Port Trust is renamed as Deendayal Port Trust with effect from 25 September 2017, says a notification issued by the ministry of shipping) is located in Vadinar and contributes in a large way to the total earnings of this major port. Vadinar is now notable due to the presence of two refineries which are close by - one promoted by Reliance Industries and the other by Essar Oil Ltd. A salt production unit is located in Vadinar. The famous Narara Narara () is a suburb just north of Gosford on the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the local government area. The suburb is mostly residential but also holds Narara railway station on the Central Coast & Ne ... Island, which is part of Marine National Park, is situated 7 kilometers away from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Single Point Mooring
A Single buoy mooring (SrM) (also known as single-point mooring or SPM) is a loading buoy anchored offshore, that serves as a mooring point and interconnect for tankers loading or offloading gas or liquid products. SPMs are the link between geostatic subsea manifold connections and weathervaning tankers. They are capable of handling any tonnage ship, even very large crude carriers (VLCC) where no alternative facility is available. In shallow water SPMs are used to load and unload crude oil and refined products from inshore and offshore oilfields or refineries, usually through some form of storage system. These buoys are usually suitable for use by all types of oil tanker. In deep water oil fields, SPMs are usually used to load crude oil direct from the production platforms, where there are economic reasons not to run a pipeline to the shore. These moorings usually supply to dedicated tankers which can moor without assistance. Several types of single point mooring are in use. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euro V
The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a series of European Union directives staging the progressive introduction of increasingly stringent standards. , the standards do not include non-exhaust emissions such as particulates from tyres and brakes. Details of Euro 7 have been postponed to 12 October 2022. Background In the European Union, emissions of nitrogen oxides (), total hydrocarbon (THC), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) are regulated for most vehicle types, including cars, trucks (lorries), locomotives, tractors and similar machinery, barges, but excluding seagoing ships and aeroplanes. For each vehicle type, different standards apply. Compliance is determined by running the engine at a standardised test cycle. Non-com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euro IV
The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a series of European Union directives staging the progressive introduction of increasingly stringent standards. , the standards do not include non-exhaust emissions such as particulates from tyres and brakes. Details of Euro 7 have been postponed to 12 October 2022. Background In the European Union, emissions of nitrogen oxides (), total hydrocarbon (THC), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) are regulated for most vehicle types, including cars, trucks (lorries), locomotives, tractors and similar machinery, barges, but excluding seagoing ships and aeroplanes. For each vehicle type, different standards apply. Compliance is determined by running the engine at a standardised test cycle. Non-com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euro III
The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a series of European Union directives staging the progressive introduction of increasingly stringent standards. , the standards do not include non-exhaust emissions such as particulates from tyres and brakes. Details of Euro 7 have been postponed to 12 October 2022. Background In the European Union, emissions of nitrogen oxides (), total hydrocarbon (THC), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) are regulated for most vehicle types, including cars, trucks (lorries), locomotives, tractors and similar machinery, barges, but excluding seagoing ships and aeroplanes. For each vehicle type, different standards apply. Compliance is determined by running the engine at a standardised test cycle. Non-co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delayed Coker
A delayed coker is a type of coker whose process consists of heating a residual oil feed to its thermal cracking temperature in a furnace with multiple parallel passes. This cracks the heavy, long chain hydrocarbon molecules of the residual oil into coker gas oil and petroleum coke. Delayed coking is one of the unit processes used in many oil refineries. The adjacent photograph depicts a delayed coking unit with 4 drums. However, larger units have tandem pairs of drums, some with as many as 8 drums, each of which may have diameters of up to 10 meters and overall heights of up to 43 meters. The yield of coke from the delayed coking process ranges from about 18 to 30 percent by weight of the feedstock residual oil, depending on the composition of the feedstock and the operating variables. Many refineries worldwide produce as much as 2,000 to 3,000 tons per day of petroleum coke and some produce even more. Schematic flow diagram and description The flow diagram and description in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrocracker
In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or long-chain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors. The rate of cracking and the end products are strongly dependent on the temperature and presence of catalysts. Cracking is the breakdown of a large alkane into smaller, more useful alkenes. Simply put, hydrocarbon cracking is the process of breaking a long chain of hydrocarbons into short ones. This process requires high temperatures. More loosely, outside the field of petroleum chemistry, the term "cracking" is used to describe any type of splitting of molecules under the influence of heat, catalysts and solvents, such as in processes of destructive distillation or pyrolysis. Fluid catalytic cracking produces a high yield of petrol and LPG, while hydrocracking is a major source of jet fuel, diesel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naphtha
Naphtha ( or ) is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture. Mixtures labelled ''naphtha'' have been produced from natural gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the distillation of coal tar and peat. In different industries and regions ''naphtha'' may also be crude oil or refined products such as kerosene. ''Nephi'' and ''naphthar'' are sometimes used as synonyms. It is also known as Shellite in Australia. Etymology The word ''naphtha'' is from Latin and Ancient Greek (νάφθα), derived from Middle Persian ''naft'' ("wet", "naphtha"), the latter meaning of which was an assimilation from the Akkadian ''napṭu'' (see Semitic relatives such as Arabic ''nafṭ'' petroleum" Syriac ܢܰܦܬܳܐ ''naftā'') and Hebrew נֵפְט ''neft'' (meaning petroleum). In Ancient Greek, it was used to refer to any sort of petroleum or pitch. There is a hypothesis that the word is connected with the name of the Indo-Iranian god Apam Napat, which occurs in Vedic and in Avestic; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
