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Bolivian Culture
Bolivia is a country in South America, bordered by Brazil to the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina to the south, Chile to the west, and Peru to the west. The cultural development of what is now Bolivia is divided into three distinct periods: pre-Columbian, colonial, and republican. Important archaeological ruins, gold and silver ornaments, stone monuments, ceramics, and weavings remain from several important pre-Columbian cultures. Major ruins include Tiwanaku, Samaipata, Inkallaqta and Iskanwaya. The country abounds in other sites that are difficult to reach and hardly explored by archaeologists. The Spanish brought their own tradition of religious art which, in the hands of local indigenous and ''mestizo'' builders and artisans, developed into a rich and distinctive style of architecture, literature, and sculpture known as "Mestizo Baroque." The colonial period produced not only the paintings of Perez de Holguin, Flores, Bitti, and others, but also the works of skilled bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
María Luisa Pacheco
María Luisa Pacheco (22 September 1919 – 23 April 1982) was a Bolivian painter and mixed-media artist who immigrated to the United States. Despite her 20-year later career in New York, she was much more influential in Latin American art than that of the U.S. Biography 1919-1956: Bolivia, Spain Born in La Paz to the architect Julio Mariaca Pando, María Luisa Pacheco studied at the Academia de Bellas Artes in La Paz, later becoming a member of the faculty. Maria Luisa Pacheco was introduced to the tools of artistic expression in her father’s architectural studio. In the late 1940s and until 1951, she worked at the newspaper'' La Razón ''as an illustrator and as the editor of their literary section. A scholarship from the Government of Spain allowed Pacheco to continue her studies in 1951 and 1952 as a graduate student and painting instructor at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in Madrid. Pacheco studied there under Daniel Vázquez Díaz, with whom she ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diablada
The Diablada, also known as the Danza de los Diablos ( en, Dance of the Devils), is an Andean folk dance performed in the Altiplano region of South America, characterized by performers wearing masks and costumes representing the devil and other characters from pre-Columbian theology and mythology. combined with Spanish and Christian elements added during the colonial era. Many scholars have concluded that the dance is descended from the Llama llama dance in honor of the Uru god Tiw, and the Aymaran ritual to the demon Anchanchu, both originating in pre-Columbian Bolivia, though there are competing theories on the dance's origins. While the dance had been performed in the Andean region as early as the 1500s, its name originated in 1789 in Orouro, Bolivia, where performers dressed like the devil in parades called ''Diabladas.'' The first organized Diablada group with defined music and choreography appeared in Bolivia in 1904. There is also some evidence of the dance originating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Awki Awki
Awki awki (Aymara ''awki'' father / gentleman, the reduplication signifies that there is a group of something) is a folk dance performed in the La Paz Department of Bolivia and in the Huancané Province of Peru. The dance satirizes the Spanish conquerors of the colonial period. See also * P'aquchi P'aquchi (Aymara) see: ''Danza estilizada de esgrima de la época colonial ... .'' - ''P'aquchi'' is a Bolivian folk dance. It is a satire of the fencing of the Spaniards Spaniards, or Spanish people, are a Romance ethnic group native to Spai ... References {{reflist Bolivian dances Peruvian dances Native American dances La Paz Department (Bolivia) Puno Region Indigenous culture of the Andes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caporales
The Caporales is a traditional Andean dance originated in Los Yungas of La Paz. Caporales were created and presented to the public for the first time in 1969 by the Estrada Pacheco brothers, who were inspired in the character of the 'Caporal' who is the overseer of the black slaves and was usually mixed race, wore boots and held a whip, a dance that belongs to the region of the Yungas, Bolivia The dance, however, has a prominent religious aspect. One supposedly dances for the Virgin of Socavón (patroness of miners) and promises to dance for three years of one's life. Caporal or caporales today is a folklore dance very popular in the festivities of not only Bolivia, but also Argentina, Chile, Peru, Spain and the United States. In June 2011, through a Supreme Decree, Caporales along with other dances were declared Cultural and Intangible Heritage of the Plurinational State of Bolivia; according to the government entity, this measure was taken to curb the attempts of appropriation b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diablada Oruro Fraternidad
The Diablada, also known as the Danza de los Diablos ( en, Dance of the Devils), is an Andean folk dance performed in the Altiplano region of South America, characterized by performers wearing masks and costumes representing the devil and other characters from pre-Columbian theology and mythology. combined with Spanish and Christian elements added during the colonial era. Many scholars have concluded that the dance is descended from the Llama llama dance in honor of the Uru god Tiw, and the Aymaran ritual to the demon Anchanchu, both originating in pre-Columbian Bolivia, though there are competing theories on the dance's origins. While the dance had been performed in the Andean region as early as the 1500s, its name originated in 1789 in Orouro, Bolivia, where performers dressed like the devil in parades called ''Diabladas.'' The first organized Diablada group with defined music and choreography appeared in Bolivia in 1904. There is also some evidence of the dance originating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tinku
Tinku, a Bolivian Aymara tradition, began as a form of ritualistic combat. In the Quechua language, it means “meeting-encounter". During this ritual, men and women from different communities will meet and begin the festivities by dancing. The women will then form circles and begin chanting while the men proceed to fight each other; eventually the women will join in the fighting as well. Large tinkus are held in Potosí during the first few weeks of May. The story behind this cultural dance is that long ago, the colonial hacendados set fights between indigenous campesinos for their amusement. Pututu trumpets were used by the Indians in order to call for a Tinku encounter, as well as to assemble the peons when the hacendado required of their presence. Tinku dance costumes are colorful and decorative. Women wear a dress, abarcas, and a hat and men wear an undershirt, pants, jacket, sandals (abarcas), and hard helmet like hats. Even though the people were slaves, they loved to dan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pujllay
Pukllay or phukllay (Quechua languages, Quechua for to play, play / carnival, other spellings ''pucllay, pugllay, phujllay, pujhllay, pujllay, puqhllay'') is a traditional festival held in the central Andes mountains, Andes. The word "play" refers to either the clouds or the blossoms "playing" in the winds at the end of the rainy season and thus harvesting time. The Bolivian ''Pukllay'' is connected to the Christian carnival and the celebration of a battle won over the Spaniards – hence the appropriation of the Spanish helmets and spurs one can still see in the ritual dance. In March 2011, Bolivia nominated the ''Pukllay'' festival in Tarabuco (including the Ayarichi dance of the Yampara people) to UNESCO for World Heritage recognition as part of the cultural and intangible cultural heritage, intangible heritage of humanity. References Bolivian culture Cultural festivals in Bolivia Peruvian culture Harvest festivals Folk festivals in Bolivia Native American festivals { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnaval De Oruro
The Carnival of Oruro is a religious and cultural festival in Oruro, Bolivia. It has been celebrated since the 18th century. Originally an indigenous festival, the celebration later was transformed to incorporate a Christian ritual around the Virgin of Candelaria (Virgin of Socavón). The carnival is one of UNESCO's Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Throughout the festival, more than 48 groups of folk dancers specializing in 18 different folk dances perform a pilgrimage to the Shrine of the Tunnel every Saturday of the carnival in a traditional parade. The traditional Llama llama or Diablada became the leading traditional dance of the festival. Background The native Itu ceremonies were banned by the Spanish in the 17th century, during their rule over Upper Peru. However, the Uru continued to observe the festival in the form of a Catholic ritual on Candlemas, in the first week of each February. Christian icons were used to conceal portrayals of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spaniards
Spaniards, or Spanish people, are a Romance peoples, Romance ethnic group native to Spain. Within Spain, there are a number of National and regional identity in Spain, national and regional ethnic identities that reflect the country's complex History of Spain, history, including a number of different languages, both indigenous and local linguistic descendants of the Roman Empire, Roman-imposed Latin language, of which Spanish language, Spanish is the largest and the only one that is official throughout the whole country. Commonly spoken regional languages include, most notably, the sole surviving indigenous language of Iberia, Basque language, Basque, as well as other Latin-descended Romance languages like Spanish itself, Catalan language, Catalan and Galician language, Galician. Many populations outside Spain have ancestors who Spanish diaspora, emigrated from Spain and share elements of a Hispanic culture. The most notable of these comprise Hispanic America in the Western Hemisp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pre-Columbian
In the history of the Americas, the pre-Columbian era spans from the original settlement of North and South America in the Upper Paleolithic period through European colonization, which began with Christopher Columbus's voyage of 1492. Usually, the era covers the history of Indigenous cultures until significant influence by Europeans. This may have occurred decades or even centuries after Columbus for certain cultures. Many pre-Columbian civilizations were marked by permanent settlements, cities, agriculture, civic and monumental architecture, major earthworks, and complex societal hierarchies. Some of these civilizations had long faded by the time of the first permanent European colonies (c. late 16th–early 17th centuries), and are known only through archaeological investigations and oral history. Other civilizations were contemporary with the colonial period and were described in European historical accounts of the time. A few, such as the Maya civilization, had their own wri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paganism
Paganism (from classical Latin ''pāgānus'' "rural", "rustic", later "civilian") is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christianity, early Christians for people in the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, or ethnic religions other than Judaism. In the time of the Roman empire, individuals fell into the pagan class either because they were increasingly rural and provincial relative to the Christian population, or because they were not ''Miles Christianus, milites Christi'' (soldiers of Christ).J. J. O'Donnell (1977)''Paganus'': Evolution and Use ''Classical Folia'', 31: 163–69. Alternative terms used in Christian texts were ''Greeks, hellene'', ''gentile'', and ''wikt:heathen, heathen''. Ritual sacrifice was an integral part of ancient Classical mythology, Graeco-Roman religion and was regarded as an indication of whether a person was pagan or Christian. Paganism has broadly connoted the "Civil religion, religion of the peasantry". During and after the Middle A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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