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Blahut–Arimoto Algorithm
The term Blahut–Arimoto algorithm is often used to refer to a class of algorithms for computing numerically either the information theoretic capacity of a channel, the rate-distortion function of a source or a source encoding (i.e. compression to remove the redundancy). They are iterative algorithms that eventually converge to one of the maxima of the optimization problem that is associated with these information theoretic concepts. History and application For the case of channel capacity, the algorithm was independently invented by Suguru Arimoto and Richard Blahut. In addition, Blahut's treatment gives algorithms for computing rate distortion and generalized capacity with input contraints (i.e. the capacity-cost function, analogous to rate-distortion). These algorithms are most applicable to the case of arbitrary finite alphabet sources. Much work has been done to extend it to more general problem instances. Recently, a version of the algorithm that accounts for continu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algorithm
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm () is a finite sequence of rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific Computational problem, problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specifications for performing calculations and data processing. More advanced algorithms can perform automated deductions (referred to as automated reasoning) and use mathematical and logical tests to divert the code execution through various routes (referred to as automated decision-making). Using human characteristics as descriptors of machines in metaphorical ways was already practiced by Alan Turing with terms such as "memory", "search" and "stimulus". In contrast, a Heuristic (computer science), heuristic is an approach to problem solving that may not be fully specified or may not guarantee correct or optimal results, especially in problem domains where there is no well-defined correct or optimal result. As an effective method, an algorithm ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Blahut
Richard Blahut''Richard E. Blahut'' was elected in 1990 as a member of in Electronics, Communication & Information Systems Engineering and Computer Science & Engineering for pioneering work in coherent emitter signal processing and for contributions to information theory and error control codes. (born June 9, 1937 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lossy Compression
In information technology, lossy compression or irreversible compression is the class of data compression methods that uses inexact approximations and partial data discarding to represent the content. These techniques are used to reduce data size for storing, handling, and transmitting content. The different versions of the photo of the cat on this page show how higher degrees of approximation create coarser images as more details are removed. This is opposed to lossless data compression (reversible data compression) which does not degrade the data. The amount of data reduction possible using lossy compression is much higher than using lossless techniques. Well-designed lossy compression technology often reduces file sizes significantly before degradation is noticed by the end-user. Even when noticeable by the user, further data reduction may be desirable (e.g., for real-time communication or to reduce transmission times or storage needs). The most widely used lossy compression al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coordinate Descent
Coordinate descent is an optimization algorithm that successively minimizes along coordinate directions to find the minimum of a function. At each iteration, the algorithm determines a coordinate or coordinate block via a coordinate selection rule, then exactly or inexactly minimizes over the corresponding coordinate hyperplane while fixing all other coordinates or coordinate blocks. A line search along the coordinate direction can be performed at the current iterate to determine the appropriate step size. Coordinate descent is applicable in both differentiable and derivative-free contexts. Description Coordinate descent is based on the idea that the minimization of a multivariable function F(\mathbf) can be achieved by minimizing it along one direction at a time, i.e., solving univariate (or at least much simpler) optimization problems in a loop. In the simplest case of ''cyclic coordinate descent'', one cyclically iterates through the directions, one at a time, minimizing the objec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conditional Probability Distribution
In probability theory and statistics, given two jointly distributed random variables X and Y, the conditional probability distribution of Y given X is the probability distribution of Y when X is known to be a particular value; in some cases the conditional probabilities may be expressed as functions containing the unspecified value x of X as a parameter. When both X and Y are categorical variables, a conditional probability table is typically used to represent the conditional probability. The conditional distribution contrasts with the marginal distribution of a random variable, which is its distribution without reference to the value of the other variable. If the conditional distribution of Y given X is a continuous distribution, then its probability density function is known as the conditional density function. The properties of a conditional distribution, such as the moments, are often referred to by corresponding names such as the conditional mean and conditional variance. Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directed Information
Directed information, I(X^n\to Y^n) , is an information theory measure that quantifies the information flow from the random process X^n = \ to the random process Y^n = \. The term ''directed information'' was coined by James Massey and is defined as :I(X^n\to Y^n) \triangleq \sum_^n I(X^i;Y_i, Y^), where I(X^;Y_i, Y^) is the conditional mutual information I(X_1,X_2,...,X_;Y_i, Y_1,Y_2,...,Y_). The Directed information has many applications in problems where causality plays an important role such as channel capacity, capacity of channel with Feedback capacity, feedback, capacity of discrete memoryless networks with feedback, gambling with causal side information, Data compression, compression with causal side information, and in real-time control communication settings, statistical physics. Marko's theory of bidirectional communication Massey's directed information was motivated by Marko's work on developing a theory of bidirectional communication Estimation and optimization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PLOS Computational Biology
''PLOS Computational Biology'' is a monthly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering computational biology. It was established in 2005 by the Public Library of Science in association with the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) in the same format as the previously established ''PLOS Biology'' and ''PLOS Medicine''. The founding editor-in-chief was Philip Bourne and the current ones are Feilim Mac Gabhann and Jason Papin. Format The journal publishes both original research and review articles. All articles are open access and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License. Since its inception, the journal has published the ''Ten Simple Rules'' series of practical guides, which has subsequently become one of the journals most read article series. The ''Ten Simple Rules'' series then led to the ''Quick Tips'' collection, whose articles contain recommendations on computational practices and methods, such as dimensionality reduction for exam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rate–distortion Theory
Rate–distortion theory is a major branch of information theory which provides the theoretical foundations for lossy data compression; it addresses the problem of determining the minimal number of bits per symbol, as measured by the rate ''R'', that should be communicated over a channel, so that the source (input signal) can be approximately reconstructed at the receiver (output signal) without exceeding an expected distortion ''D''. Introduction Rate–distortion theory gives an analytical expression for how much compression can be achieved using lossy compression methods. Many of the existing audio, speech, image, and video compression techniques have transforms, quantization, and bit-rate allocation procedures that capitalize on the general shape of rate–distortion functions. Rate–distortion theory was created by Claude Shannon in his foundational work on information theory. In rate–distortion theory, the ''rate'' is usually understood as the number of bits per da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IEEE Transactions On Information Theory
''IEEE Transactions on Information Theory'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the IEEE Information Theory Society. It covers information theory and the mathematics of communications. It was established in 1953 as ''IRE Transactions on Information Theory''. The editor-in-chief is Muriel Médard (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). As of 2007, the journal allows the posting of preprints on arXiv. According to Jack van Lint, it is the leading research journal in the whole field of coding theory. A 2006 study using the PageRank network analysis algorithm found that, among hundreds of computer science-related journals, ''IEEE Transactions on Information Theory'' had the highest ranking and was thus deemed the most prestigious. '' ACM Computing Surveys'', with the highest impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Information Theory
Information theory is the scientific study of the quantification (science), quantification, computer data storage, storage, and telecommunication, communication of information. The field was originally established by the works of Harry Nyquist and Ralph Hartley, in the 1920s, and Claude Shannon in the 1940s. The field is at the intersection of probability theory, statistics, computer science, statistical mechanics, information engineering (field), information engineering, and electrical engineering. A key measure in information theory is information entropy, entropy. Entropy quantifies the amount of uncertainty involved in the value of a random variable or the outcome of a random process. For example, identifying the outcome of a fair coin flip (with two equally likely outcomes) provides less information (lower entropy) than specifying the outcome from a roll of a dice, die (with six equally likely outcomes). Some other important measures in information theory are mutual informat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suguru Arimoto
Suguru (written: , , or ) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese fencer *, Japanese baseball player and analyst *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese baseball player *, Japanese bobsledder *, Japanese long-distance runner Fictional characters *, protagonist of the manga series ''Kinnikuman'' *Suguru Kamoshida, an antagonist in the game ''Persona 5'' *Suguru Daishō (大将 優), a character from the ''Haikyu!! is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Haruichi Furudate. It was serialized in Shueisha's ''shōnen'' manga magazine ''Weekly Shōnen Jump'' from February 2012 to July 2020, with its chapters collected in 45 ''tankōbo ...'' series with the position of captain and outside hitter from Nohebi Academy {{given name Japanese masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
