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Bit–Khang Languages
The Bit–Khang languages consist of: *''Bit'' cluster: Bit (a.k.a. Khabit, Psing, Buxing) and Quang Lam *''Khang'' cluster: Kháng and Bumang The Bit–Khang languages are spoken in southern China, northern Laos, and northwestern Vietnam. The Bit-Khang branch was first proposed by Paul Sidwell (2014). Classification At first, Bit–Khang languages were usually classified as Khmuic, but Sidwell (2014) has since demonstrated the Palaungic affiliation of Bit-Khang, as well as its unity. Paul Sidwell (2014) proposes that these languages constitute a subgroup of Palaungic, since they display lexical innovations characteristic of the Palaungic branch such as 'eye', 'fire', 'blood', and 'laugh'. Sidwell (2014) suggests that Bit–Khang may have originally been Eastern Palaungic, due to various isoglosses shared with Waic, Lametic, and Angkuic, but was later heavily relexified by Khmuic The Khmuic languages are a branch of the Austroasiatic languages spoken mostly in northern L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laos
Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist state and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. Its capital and largest city is Vientiane. Present-day Laos traces its historic and cultural identity to Lan Xang, which existed from the 14th century to the 18th century as one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. Because of its central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the kingdom became a hub for overland trade and became wealthy economically and culturally. After a period of internal conflict, Lan Xang broke into three separate kingdoms: Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Sidwell
Paul James Sidwell is an Australian linguist based in Canberra, Australia who has held research and lecturing positions at the Australian National University. Sidwell, who is also an expert and consultant in forensic linguistics, is most notable for his work on the historical linguistics of the Austroasiatic languages, Austroasiatic language family, and has published reconstructions of the Bahnaric languages, Bahnaric, Katuic languages, Katuic, Palaungic languages, Palaungic, Khasian languages, Khasic, and Nicobarese languages, Nicobaric proto-languages. Sidwell is currently the President of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. Career In 2001, Sidwell was appointed as a Collaborating Scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig. From 2001 to 2004, he was an Australian Research Council Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Australian National University, remaining there from 2005 to 2007 as a Visiting Research Fellow, funded by the Max Planck Inst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of China
There are several hundred languages in China. The predominant language is Standard Chinese, which is based on central Mandarin, but there are hundreds of related Chinese languages, collectively known as ''Hanyu'' (, 'Han language'), that are spoken by 92% of the population. The Chinese (or 'Sinitic') languages are typically divided into seven major language groups, and their study is a distinct academic discipline. They differ as much from each other morphologically and phonetically as do English, German and Danish, but meanwhile share the same writing system (Hanzi) and are mutually intelligible in written form. There are in addition approximately 300 minority languages spoken by the remaining 8% of the population of China. The ones with greatest state support are Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur and Zhuang. According to the 2010 edition of ''Nationalencyklopedin'', 955 million out of China's then-population of 1.34 billion spoke some variety of Mandarin Chinese as their first la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making it the world's sixteenth-most populous country. Vietnam borders China to the north, and Laos and Cambodia to the west. It shares maritime borders with Thailand through the Gulf of Thailand, and the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia through the South China Sea. Its capital is Hanoi and its largest city is Ho Chi Minh City (commonly known as Saigon). Vietnam was inhabited by the Paleolithic age, with states established in the first millennium BC on the Red River Delta in modern-day northern Vietnam. The Han dynasty annexed Northern and Central Vietnam under Chinese rule from 111 BC, until the first dynasty emerged in 939. Successive monarchical dynasties absorbed Chinese influences through Confucianism and Buddhism, and expanded south ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angkuic Languages
The Angkuic languages are spoken in Yunnan province, China and Shan State, Burma. Languages * U (P'uman) * Hu (Kongge, Kun'ge, Kon Keu) * Man Met (Kemie) * Mok * Muak Sa-aak * Va * Mong Lue (Tai Loi) ? Classification Andrew Hsiu (2015)Hsiu, Andrew. 2015''The Angkuic languages: a preliminary survey'' Paper presented ICAAL 6 (6th International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics), Siem Reap, Cambodia. proposes the following tentative classification scheme for the Angkuic languages. ;Angkuic *''Eastern'' ( Va) ** Va, Northern ** Va, Southern *''Northern'' ( U) **Xiaoheijiang U (Alva, Auva, U of Shuangjiang) **Northeastern U (P’uman, Avala) **Northwestern U *''Southern'' (?) ** Man Met ** Hu ** Muak Sa-aak **Angku (?) *''Dagun'' (?) Hsiu (2015) suggests that the Angkuic languages originated in the Mekong River valley in the Sipsongpanna Xishuangbanna, Sibsongbanna or Sipsong Panna ( Tham: , New Tai Lü script: ; ; th, สิบสองปันนา; lo, ສິບ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lamet Language
Lamet is a Mon–Khmer language of Laos. There are also one hundred speakers in Lampang Province Lampang ( th, ลำปาง, ; Northern Thai: ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (''changwat''), lies in upper northern Thailand. The old name of Lampang was ''Khelang Nakhon''. Geography Lampang is in the broad river valley of the ..., Thailand, where it is known as ''Khamet''. Lamet speakers call their language əmɛːt or less commonly ʰəmɛːtConver, Lynn C. 1999. "A Sketch of the Phonology of a Lamet Dialect." In The Mon-Khmer Studies Journal, 29: 35-56. Locations Lamet of Lampang was originally spoken in Takluh village north of Namtha in Laos. A closely related variety called Lua' is spoken in Ban Pang Chok (Ban Lua), Wiang Pa Pao District, southern Chiang Rai Province, Thailand.Narumol, Charoenma. 1982. ''The phonologies of a Lampang Lamet and Wiang Papao Lua''. The Mon-Khmer Studies Journal 11. 35-45. References *Narumol, Charoenma. 1980. ''The sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waic Languages
The Waic languages are spoken in Shan State, Burma, in Northern Thailand, and in Yunnan province, China. Classification Gérard Diffloth reconstructed Proto-Waic in a 1980 paper. His classification is as follows (Sidwell 2009). (Note: Individual languages are highlighted in ''italics''.) *Waic ** Samtau (later renamed "Blang" by Diffloth) ***''Samtau'' **Wa–Lawa–La ***Wa proper ****'' Wa'' *** Lawa ****''Bo Luang'' ****''Umphal'' The recently discovered Meung Yum and Savaiq languages of Shan State, Burma also belong to the Wa language cluster. Other Waic languages in Shan State, eastern Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ... are En and Siam (Hsem), which are referred to by Scott (1900) as En and Son. Hsiu (2015)Hsiu, Andrew. 2015''The Angkuic languages: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khmuic Languages
The Khmuic languages are a branch of the Austroasiatic languages spoken mostly in northern Laos, as well as in neighboring northern Vietnam and southern Yunnan, China. Khmu is the only widely spoken language in the group. Homeland Paul Sidwell (2015) suggests that the Khmuic Urheimat (homeland) was in what is now Oudomxay Province, northern Laos. Languages The Khmuic languages are: *Mlabri (Yumbri) * Kniang (Phong 3, Tay Phong) * Ksingmul (Puok, Pou Hok, Khsing-Mul) * Khmu’ *Khuen * O’du * Prai * Mal (Thin) * Theen (Kha Sam Liam) There is some disagreement over whether Bit is Khmuic or Palaungic; Svantesson believes it is most likely Palaungic, and it is sometimes placed in Mangic, but most classifications here take them as Khmuic. Similarly, Phuoc (Xinh Mul) and Kháng are also sometimes classified as Mangic, and Kháng is classified as Palaungic by Diffloth. The recently discovered Bumang language is also likely a Khmuic or Palaungic language. Jerold A. Edmondson con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bumang Language
Bumang () is a tonal Austroasiatic language of Yunnan, China. It is spoken by about 200 people in Manzhang (曼仗), Mengla District (勐拉地区), Jinping County, Honghe Prefecture. The existence of Bumang was only recently documented by Chinese linguist Dao Jie in the mid-2000s. It is closely related to Kháng. Classification Jerold A. Edmondson (2010) considers Bumang and the closely related Kháng language to be Khmuic languages based on lexical evidence, while Dao Jie (刀洁, 2007) proposes that Bumang may be a Palaungic language. Although Bumang and Mang have similar names and are both spoken in Honghe Prefecture of Yunnan Province in China, they are not closely related and do not appear to be in the same branch together. Whereas Edmondson considers Bumang to likely be a Khmuic language, Mang is not one, and is more closely related to the Bolyu and Bugan languages of southern China. Population The Bumang autonym is '. In China, the Bumang are classified as par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making it the world's sixteenth-most populous country. Vietnam borders China to the north, and Laos and Cambodia to the west. It shares maritime borders with Thailand through the Gulf of Thailand, and the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia through the South China Sea. Its capital is Hanoi and its largest city is Ho Chi Minh City (commonly known as Saigon). Vietnam was inhabited by the Paleolithic age, with states established in the first millennium BC on the Red River Delta in modern-day northern Vietnam. The Han dynasty annexed Northern and Central Vietnam under Chinese rule from 111 BC, until the first dynasty emerged in 939. Successive monarchical dynasties absorbed Chinese influences through Confucianism and Buddhism, and expanded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kháng Language
Kháng (), also known as Mang U’, is an Austroasiatic language of Vietnam. It is closely related to the Bumang language of southern Yunnan, China. Classification Paul Sidwell (2014) classifies Khang as Palaungic, although Jerold Edmondson (2010) suggests it is Khmuic. Kháng is most closely related to Bumang (Edmondson 2010). Distribution Kháng speakers are an officially recognized ethnic group in Vietnam, and officially numbered 10,272 in 1999. The Kháng are distributed in the following districts of northwest Vietnam in Sơn La Province and Lai Châu Province: *Sơn La Province (along the Black River) ** Thuận Châu (including Bản Ná Lai village) ** Quỳnh Nhai ** Mường La *Lai Châu Province ** Phong Thổ **Mường Tè ** Than Uyên * Điện Biên Province **Mường Lay Mường Lay is a town of Điện Biên Province in the Northwest The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in nav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quang Lam Language
Quảng Lâm is an unclassified, poorly attested Austroasiatic language spoken in Quảng Lâm commune, Mường Nhé District, Điện Biên Province, northwestern Vietnam. Nguyễn Văn Huy (1975) is the only published resource contain data of Quang Lam. The Ethnologue lists Quang Lam as an alternate name for Kháng. Quang Lam speakers are officially classified as ethnic Khang people. Classification Nguyen (1975) speculates that Quang Lam may be closely related to Kháng (variously classified as either a Palaungic or Khmuic language), but this has yet to be verified. Data is scanty and presented only in Vietnamese orthography (''Quốc Ngữ''). Quang Lam speakers claim to not have an autonym, and simply call themselves "Brển Quảng Lâm." Their word for 'person, human' is ''p'xinh'', which is also a name for Bit The bit is the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communications. The name is a portmanteau of binary digit. The bit represents a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
