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Biological Passport
An athlete biological passport is an individual electronic record for professional athletes, in which profiles of biological markers of doping and results of doping tests are collated over a period of time. Doping violations can be detected by noting variances from an athlete's established levels outside permissible limits, rather than testing for and identifying illegal substances. Although the terminology ''athlete passport'' is recent, the use of biological markers of doping has a long history in anti-doping. Maybe the first marker of doping that tries to detect a prohibited substance not based on its presence in urine or blood but instead the induced deviations in biological parameters is the testosterone over epitestosterone ratio (T/E). The T/E has been used by sports authorities since the beginning of the 1980s to detect anabolic steroids in urine samples. A decade later, in 1997, markers of blood doping were introduced by some international federations, such as the Union ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Markers
In biomedical contexts, a biomarker, or biological marker, is a measurable wikt:indicator, indicator of some biological state or condition. Biomarkers are often measured and evaluated using blood, urine, or soft tissues to examine normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. as cited in Biomarkers are used in many scientific fields. Medicine Biomarkers used in the medical field, are a part of a relatively new clinical toolset categorized by their clinical applications. The three main classes are molecular biomarkers, cellular biomarkers or imaging biomarkers. All three types of biomarkers have a clinical role in narrowing or guiding treatment decisions and follow a sub-categorization of being either predictive, prognostic, or diagnostic. Predictive Predictive molecular, cellular, or imaging biomarkers that pass validation can serve as a method of predicting clinical outcomes. Predictive biomarkers are used to help ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Igor Astarloa
Igor Astarloa Askasibar (born March 29, 1976 in Ermua, Basque Country) is a retired cyclist from Spain. Career Astarloa turned professional with the Italian cycling team and enjoyed his best season in 2003 with team when he won the Flèche Wallonne and the road race title at the World Cycling Championships at Hamilton, Canada. The following year, he joined , but when the team temporarily stopped racing due to a doping scandal, he was released to join . During the 2006 transfer season it was announced that he was to leave Team Barloworld, the Continental Circuit team for which Astarloa had ridden for the last several years, and join Team Milram, a member of the UCI ProTour. Team Milram terminated its contract with Astarloa in May 2008 following disclosures that he had shown "irregular blood values", as reported by Focus magazine. He joined the Amica Chips-Knauf team, which folded in May 2009. Soon after, in June 2009, Astarloa was one of the first five riders to fall foul of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sérgio Ribeiro (cyclist)
Sérgio Miguel Vieira Ribeiro (born 28 November 1980 in Matosinhos) is a Portuguese former cyclist. Major results ;2005 :1st Stage 1 Vuelta a Castilla y León :3rd Overall Volta ao Alentejo ::1st Stage 5 ;2006 :1st Overall Volta ao Alentejo ::1st Stage 5 :1st Stage 1 Volta ao Distrito de Santarém :3rd Overall GP Internacional Paredes Rota dos Móveis ::1st Stage 3 ;2009 :1st Overall Tour do Brasil ::1st Stages 2 & 3 :1st Stage 3 GP Liberty Seguros ;2010 :1st Stage 5 Vuelta a Castilla y León :1st Stage 1 GP Liberty Seguros : Volta a Portugal ::1st Stages 2 & 8 :2nd Overall Grande Prémio Crédito Agrícola de la Costa Azul ::1st Stage 2 ;2011 :1st Overall GP Liberty Seguros : Volta a Portugal ::1st Stages 1 & 2 :2nd Overall Troféu Joaquim Agostinho ::1st Stage 3 ;2012 :1st Stage 3 GP Liberty Seguros :1st Stage 1 Troféu Joaquim Agostinho :1st Stage 5 Volta a Portugal ;2013 :1st Stage 1 Troféu Joaquim Agostinho The Grande Prémio Internacional de Torres Vedras – Trof ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franco Pellizotti
Franco Pellizotti (born 15 January 1978) is an Italian former professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 2001 and 2018 for the Alessio, , and teams. Pellizotti now works as a directeur sportif for the team. Career Pellizotti was born in Latisana, Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia. During his career, Pellizotti was known as a climbing specialist and won Stage 10 in the 2006 Giro d'Italia, Stage 16 in the 2008 Giro d'Italia and Stage 17 in the 2009 Giro d'Italia. After finishing third overall in the 2009 Giro, he won the polka dot jersey in Paris as the best climber of the 2009 Tour de France (which has been cancelled), as well as named the Most Combative (Aggressive) Rider on Stages 9 and 17. At the start of each race, Pellizotti was seen making the sign of the cross and kissing a crucifix around his neck. Doping On 3 May 2010, Pellizotti's name was released by La Gazzetta dello Sport as being one of several riders under investigation by the Union Cyclist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 Tour De France
The 2012 Tour de France was the 99th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It started in the Belgian city of Liège on 30 June and finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 22 July. The Tour consisted of 21 stages, including an opening prologue, and covered a total distance of . As well as the prologue, the first two stages took place in Belgium, and one stage finished in Switzerland. Bradley Wiggins () won the overall general classification, and became the first British rider to win the Tour. Wiggins's teammate Chris Froome placed second, and Vincenzo Nibali () was third. The general classification leader's yellow jersey was worn for the first week by Fabian Cancellara (), who won the prologue. Wiggins, second in the prologue, took the leadership of the race on stage seven, the first mountainous stage, which was won by Froome, and maintained his lead for the remainder of the race, winning the two longest time trials, and not losing time to his main cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2010 Tour De France
The 2010 Tour de France was the 97th edition of the Tour de France cycle race, one of cycling's Grand Tour (cycling), Grand Tours. It started on with an 8.9 km prologue time trial in Rotterdam, the first start in the Netherlands since 1996 Tour de France, 1996. The race visited three countries: the Netherlands, Belgium and France, and finished on on the Champs-Élysées in Paris. The total length was including in time-trials. Following an opening prologue time trial, the first three stages passed through the Netherlands and Belgium on routes designed to replicate some features of the Classic cycle races, spring classic cycle races. This included seven cobblestone sectors totaling , the longest distance of cobblestones in the Tour since 1983, on stage 3. There were six mountain stages, three of them with mountaintop finishes, and two medium mountain stages. In the 100th anniversary year of their first inclusion on the Tour, the emphasis was on the Pyrenees, with two ascen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2009 Tour De France
The 2009 Tour de France was the 96th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It started on 4 July in the principality of Monaco with a individual time trial which included a section of the Circuit de Monaco. The race visited six countries: Monaco, France, Spain, Andorra, Switzerland and Italy, and finished on 26 July on the Champs-Élysées in Paris. The total length was , including in time-trials. There were seven mountain stages, three of which had mountaintop finishes, and one medium-mountain stage. The race had a team time trial for the first time since 2005, the shortest distance in individual time trials since 1967, and the first penultimate-day mountain stage in the Tour's history. 2007 winner Alberto Contador won the race by a margin of 4′11″, having won both a mountain and time trial stage. His team also took the team classification. and supplied the initial third-place finisher, Lance Armstrong. Armstrong's achievement was later voided b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denis Menchov
Denis Nikolayevich Menchov (russian: Денис Николаевич Меньшов; born 25 January 1978) is a former professional Russian road bicycle racer, who rode as a professional between 2000 and 2013. He was best known as a general classification rider, a climbing specialist, climber and an accomplished time trialist. In 2005 he finished second in the Vuelta a España and in 2007 he finished as the champion. He also won the centenary Giro d'Italia in 2009 and finished second in the Tour de France in 2010 becoming the first Russian to do so. He was later disqualified from that Tour de France, as well as long the 2009 and 2012 editions, owing to adverse biological passport findings. Professional career Banesto (2000–2004) Born in Oryol, Menchov started his professional career in 2000 with the team of José Miguel Echevarri. His first success came in 2001, when he won the Tour de l'Avenir, a stage race for young professionals. A year later he won a stage in the Dauphin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saunier Duval-Scott
Saunier is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Greg Saunier (born 1969), American drummer for the band Deerhoof * Matthieu Saunier (born 1990), French footballer * Pierre-Paul Saunier (1751–1818), French gardener and explorer See also *Lons-le-Saunier Lons-le-Saunier () is a Communes of France, commune and capital of the Jura (department), Jura Department, eastern France. Geography The town is in the heart of the Revermont region, at the foot of the first plateau of the Jura massif. The Jur ..., French commune {{surname, Saunier French-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubén Lobato (cyclist)
Rubén Lobato Elvira (born September 1, 1978 in San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid) is a Spanish former professional road bicycle racer who competed for (2002), Domina Vacanze-Elitron (2003) and Saunier Duval (2004–2008). On July 16, 2010, the UCI suspended him for 2 years, effective immediately, for irregularities in his BIO-passport, making him eligible for return July 16, 2012. Major results ;2001 : 2nd Overall Circuito Montañés : 8th Coppa Placci ;2002 : 7th GP du canton d'Argovie : 7th Subida al Naranco ;2003 : 1st Memorial Manuel Galera : 6th Subida al Naranco : 7th Trofeo Melinda ;2004 : 5th GP Lugano ;2005 : 1st Mountains classification, Tour de Romandie : 2nd Circuito de Getxo : 8th GP Villafranca de Ordizia Prueba Villafranca de Ordizia – Clásica de Ordizia is a Spanish professional cycle road race held in Ordizia, Basque Country. The first edition was held in 1922. Since 2005, the race has been organized as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour ... Gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leif Hoste
Leif Hoste (born 17 July 1977) is a retired Belgian professional road racing cyclist, who last rode for UCI Professional Continental Team team . Born in Kortrijk, Hoste's career highlights included winning two stages and the overall title at the 2006 Three Days of De Panne, the 2001, 2006 and 2007 Belgian national time trial championships, and a second-place finish at the 2004, 2006 and 2007 one-day classic Tour of Flanders. At the 2006 Paris–Roubaix, after finishing second, Hoste was disqualified by the race jury for illegally riding through a closed level crossing along with Peter Van Petegem and Vladimir Gusev (who were also disqualified). On 29 March 2013, the Belgian cycling federation began a doping case against Hoste. On 13 July 2014 it was confirmed by the UCI that Hoste had been banned for two years until 29 December 2015 for biological passport irregularities. Major results ;1998 : 1st Stage 1 Tour de l'Avenir : 1st Stage 3 Circuito Montañés ;1999 : 5th Overa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francesco De Bonis
Francesco De Bonis (born 14 April 1982 in Isola del Liri) is an Italian former professional road cyclist. In 2008 he won the fourth stage and the mountains classification of the Tour de Romandie. He also rode in the 2009 Giro d'Italia, finishing 79th overall. On 27 May 2010, based on discrepancies in his biological passport, De Bonis was suspended for two years by the Italian Olympic Committee after a request from the International Cycling Union. Major results ;2007 : 1st GP Folignano : 1st Trofeo Internazionale Bastianelli ;2008 : Tour de Romandie The Tour de Romandie is a stage race which is part of the UCI World Tour. It runs through the Romandie region, or French-speaking part of Switzerland. The competition began in 1947, to coincide with the 50-year anniversary of Swiss Cycling. I ... ::1st Mountains classification ::1st Stage 4 References External links * 1982 births Living people People from Isola del Liri Cyclists from Lazio Italian male cyclists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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