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Binary Lot
A binary lot is an object that, when cast, comes to rest with 1 of 2 distinct faces uppermost. These can range from precisely-machined objects like modern coins which produce balanced results (each side coming up half the time over many casts), to naturally-occurring objects like cowrie shells which may produce a range of unbalanced results depending upon the species, individual, and even circumstances of the cast. Binary lots may be used for divination, impartial decision-making, gambling, and game playing, the boundaries of which (as David Parlett suggests) can be quite blurred. They may be cast singly, yielding a single binary outcome (yes/no, win/lose, etc.), but often they are cast multiply, several in a single cast, yielding a range of possible outcomes. Coins Unlike most binary lots — which are typically cast ''multiply'' affording a variety of possible outcomes — coins are most often cast (flipped or spun) ''singly'', resulting in a simple yes/no, win/loose outcome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coin Toss (3635981474)
Coin flipping, coin tossing, or heads or tails is using the thumb to make a coin go up while spinning in the air and checking obverse and reverse, which side is showing when it is down onto a surface, in order to randomly choose between two alternatives. It is a form of sortition which inherently has two possible outcomes. History Coin flipping was known to the Romans as ''navia aut caput'' ("ship or head"), as some coins had a ship on one side and the head of the Roman Emperor, emperor on the other. In England, this was referred to as ''cross and pile''. Process During a coin toss, the coin is thrown into the air such that it rotates edge-over-edge an unpredictable number of times. Either beforehand or when the coin is in the air, an interested party declares "heads" or "tails", indicating which side of the coin that party is choosing. The other party is assigned the opposite side. Depending on custom, the coin may be caught; caught and inverted; or allowed to land on the g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiangqi
Xiangqi (; ), commonly known as Chinese chess or elephant chess, is a Strategy game, strategy board game for two players. It is the most popular board game in China. Xiangqi is in the same family of games as shogi, janggi, chess, Western chess, chaturanga, and Indian chess. Besides China and areas with significant ethnic Chinese communities, this game is also a popular pastime in Vietnam, where it is known as , literally 'General's chess', in contrast with Western chess or ', literally 'King's chess'. The game represents a battle between two armies, with the primary object being to checkmate the enemy's general (king). Distinctive features of xiangqi include the cannon (''pao''), which must jump to capture; a rule prohibiting the generals from facing each other directly; areas on the board called the ''river'' and ''palace'', which restrict the movement of some pieces but enhance that of others; and the placement of the pieces on the intersections of the board lines, rather th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachisi
Pachisi ( , ) is a cross and circle board game that originated in Ancient India. It is described in the ancient text ''Mahabharata'' under the name of "Pasha". It is played on a board shaped like a symmetrical cross. A player's pieces move around the board based upon a throw of six or seven cowrie shells as lots, with the number of shells resting with the aperture upward indicating the number of spaces to move. The name of the game is derived from the Hindi word , meaning 'twenty-five', the largest score that can be thrown with the cowrie shells; thus this game is also known by the name ''Twenty-Five''. There are other versions of this game where the largest score that can be thrown is thirty. In addition to chaupar, there are many versions of the game. (barsis) is popular in the Levant, mainly Syria, while Parchís is another version popular in Spain and northern Morocco. Parqués is its Colombian variant. Parcheesi, Patchesi, Sorry!, and Ludo are among the many Wes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cypraeidae
Cypraeidae, common name, commonly named the cowries ( cowry or cowrie), is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of small to large sea snails. These are marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies. Shell description Cypraeidae have adult shells which are very rounded, almost like an egg; they do not look like a typical gastropod shell. Their glossy, polished, ovate-shaped shells have beautiful patterns in a variety of colors. These patterns, combined with minor variations in shell form, have led some conchologists to recognize 60 genera and hundreds of species and subspecies. In virtually all of the species in the family Cypraeidae, the shells are extremely smooth and shiny. This is because in the living animal, the shell is nearly always fully covered with the mantle (mollusc), mantle. The upper surface is typically convex, while the ventral side is flattened. Typically, no spire (mollusc), spire is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Snail
Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the absence of a visible Gastropod shell, shell. Definition Determining whether some gastropods should be called sea snails is not always easy. Some species that live in brackish water (such as certain Neritidae, neritids) can be listed as either freshwater snails or marine snails, and some species that live at or just above the high tide level (for example, species in the genus ''Truncatella (gastropod), Truncatella'') are sometimes considered to be sea snails and sometimes listed as land snails. Anatomy Sea snails are a very large and diverse group of animals. Most snails that live in salt water respire using a gill or gills; a few species, though, have a lung, are intertidal, and are active only at low tide w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monetaria Moneta (MNHN-IM-2000-3666)
''Monetaria moneta'', common name the money cowrie, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.WoRMS : Monetaria moneta accessed : October 20, 2010 This species is called "money cowrie" because the shells were historically widely used in many and countries as before coinage was in common usage. Description and characteristics It is a qui ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yunnori
''Yunnori '' (), also known as ''yut'', ''nyout'' and ''yoot'', is a traditional board game played in Korea, especially during Korean New Year. The game is also called ''cheoksa'' (; ) or ''sahui'' (; ) in Hanjaeo(Sino-Korean vocabulary). Origin ''Yunnori'' finds its roots in Korea's Three Kingdom Period (57 BCE – 668 CE). While its exact origin remains uncertain, evidence of ''yunnori'' has been documented in various historical records spanning Korea, China, and Japan. A claim by Korean historian and activist Chae Ho-shin suggests its descent from the Korean Kingdom Gojoseon in 2333 BC, as mentioned in a book by Buddhist monk Ilyeon (Park et al., 2013). Petroglyphs bearing records of yunnori during the Joseon era were discovered in the mountains of the Korean Peninsula and Manchuria. Surprisingly, ''yut'' carvings were also found in a Buddhist temple and were most likely designated prayer sites. Historians draw connections between ''yunnori'' and a Chinese chess game called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liubo
''Liubo'' (; Old Chinese *''kruk pˤak'' “six sticks”) was an History of China, ancient Chinese board game for two players. The rules have largely been lost, but it is believed that each player had six game pieces that were moved around the points of a square game board that had a distinctive, symmetrical pattern. Moves were determined by the throw of six Binary lot#Staves, sticks, which performed the same function as dice in other race games. The game was invented no later than the middle of the 1st millennium BCE, and was popular during the Han dynasty (202 BCE – 220 CE). However, after the Han dynasty it rapidly declined in popularity, possibly due to the rise in popularity of the Go (game), game of ''weiqi'' (go), and it became totally forgotten. Knowledge of the game has increased in recent years with archeological discoveries of Liubo game boards and game equipment in ancient tombs, as well as discoveries of Han dynasty picture stones and picture bricks depicting Liu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tâb
Tâb () is the name of a running-fight board game played in several Muslim (mostly Arab) countries, and a family of similar board games played in North Africa (as ''sîg'') and West Asia, from Iran to West Africa and from Turkey to Somalia, where a variant called ''deleb'' is played. The rules and boards can vary widely across the region though almost all consist of boards with three or four rows. A reference to "al-tâb wa-l-dukk" (likely a similar game) occurs in a poem of 1310. Gameplay The game described here was recorded by Edward William Lane in Egypt in the 1820s. Egyptian tâb is played by two players on a board, often delineated at the ground. The board is four squares wide, and usually an odd number of squares long, usually from 7 to 15, but formerly up to 29 squares. Numbering the four rows 1, 2, 3 and 4, from the start one player has one (nominally) white piece in each field of row 1, and the other a (nominally) black piece in each field of row 4. The pieces may be s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senet
Senet or senat (; cf. Coptic language, Coptic , 'passing, afternoon') is a board game from ancient Egypt that consists of ten or more pawns on a 30-square playing board.Crist 2019 p. 107 The earliest representation of senet is dated to 2620 BCE from the Mastaba of Hesy-Re, while similar boards and hieroglyphic signs are found even earlier, including in the Levant in the Early Bronze Age II period. Even though the game has a 2,000-year history in Egypt, there appears to be very little variation in terms of key components.Piccione 2007 p. 54 This can be determined by studying the various senet boards that have been found by archaeologists, as well as depictions of senet being played throughout Egyptian history on places like tomb walls and papyrus scrolls. However, the game fell out of use during the Roman Egypt, Roman period, and its original rules are the subject of conjecture. History Fragmentary boards that could be senet have been found in First Dynasty of Egypt, First D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zohn Ahl
Zohn Ahl ("creek" "wood") is a roll-and-move board game played by the Kiowa Indians of North America. It is often cited as a typical representative of many similar Native American games. It is often equated (or possibly confounded) with Tsoñä ("awl game"), also played by the Kiowa.Bell 1979, Vol 1: pp 4–5. Parlett 1999, pp 38–40. Stewart Culin (1898, pp 687–88 and 731–33) (1907, pp 124–27) presents the 2 accounts of Zohn Ahl and Tsoñä together. The description of Zohn Ahl fails to distinguish the throws of the special 4th stave; and the description of Tsoñä fails to mention how counters are won or lost; but both descriptions include ''both'' the special stave and counters. Therefore, very possibly these texts refer to the same game, which can be reconstructed only by consulting both to fill in their respective holes. This is the perspective taken here. Note, however, that Murray (1951, pp 154–55) considers them distinct variants. Except where otherwise noted, this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiowa
Kiowa ( ) or Cáuigú () people are a Native Americans in the United States, Native American tribe and an Indigenous people of the Great Plains of the United States. They migrated southward from western Montana into the Rocky Mountains in Colorado in the 17th and 18th centuriesPritzker 326 and eventually into the Southern Plains by the early 19th century. In 1867, the Kiowa were moved to a Indian reservation, reservation in Southwestern Oklahoma. Today, they are Federally recognized tribe, federally recognized as Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma with headquarters in Carnegie, Oklahoma. , there were 12,000 citizens. The Kiowa language, Kiowa language (Cáuijògà), part of the Tanoan languages, Tanoan language family, is in danger of extinction, with only 20 speakers as of 2012."Kiowa Tanoan" ''Ethnologue.'' Retrieved 21 June 2012. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
