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Biatorellaceae
Biatorellaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the subclass Lecanoromycetidae. The family is monotypic, and contains the single genus ''Biatorella'', which contains eight species. Species in the genus have a cosmopolitan distribution, they are also found in northern temperate regions, especially in Europe. but also in tropical Central America, Africa and Asia (such as India). As well as Australia. Systematics The family is classified as incertae sedis with respect to ordinal placement in the Lecanoromycetidae, as there is no reliable molecular data available to establish phylogenetic relationships with similar taxa. Genus ''Biatorella'' was circumscribed by Italian botanist Giuseppe De Notaris in 1846, with '' Biatorella rousselii'' assigned as the type species. The family Biatorellaceae was originally proposed by French lichenologist Maurice Choisy in 1949, but he did not publish the name validly. Josef Hafellner and Manuel Casares published the name validly in 1992. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biatorella Rousselii
''Biatorella'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Biatorellaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. Species The genus ''Biatorella'' includes the following species: * '' Biatorella algerica'' * '' Biatorella algoviae'' * '' Biatorella amabilis'' * ''Biatorella antarctica'' * '' Biatorella australica'' * '' Biatorella austroafrica'' * '' Biatorella camptocarpa'' * ''Biatorella consanguinea'' * '' Biatorella conspurcans'' * '' Biatorella contigua'' * '' Biatorella cyphalea'' * ''Biatorella floridensis'' * ''Biatorella fossarum'' * ''Biatorella germanica'' * ''Biatorella hemisphaerica'' * ''Biatorella praenotata'' * ''Biatorella rappii'' * '' Biatorella rousselii'' * ''Biatorella saxicola'' * ''Biatorella zeorina ''Biatorella'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Biatorellaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. Species The genus ''Biatorella'' includes the following species: * '' Biatorella algerica'' * '' Biatorella algoviae'' * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecanoromycetidae
The Lecanoromycetidae are a subclass of fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. This subclass contains five orders: the Caliciales , the Lecanorales , the Lecideales , the Leprocaulales , the Peltigerales , the Rhizocarpales , and the Teloschistales The Teloschistales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. According to one 2008 estimate, the order contains 5 families, 66 genera, and 1954 species. The predominant photobi ... . References Lecanoromycetes Lichen subclasses Fungus subclasses Taxa described in 2007 {{Lecanoromycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josef Hafellner
Josef Hafellner (1951– ) is an Austrian mycologist and lichenologist. He was awarded the Acharius Medal in 2016 for his lifetime contributions to lichenology. Before his retirement, he was a professor at the Karl-Franzens-Universität in Graz. Hafellner started developing an interest in lichens while he was a student at this institution, studying under Josef Poelt. He earned a master's degree in 1975 and a PhD in 1978, defending a doctoral thesis about the genus '' Karschia''. In 2003, Hafellner received his habilitation. By this time, he had studied with French lichenologist André Bellemère (1927–2014) at Saint-Cloud, where he learned techniques of transmission electron microscopy and how their application in studying asci could be used in lichen systematics. His 1984 work ''Studien in Richtung einer natürlicheren Gliederung der Sammelfamilien Lecanoraceae und Lecideaceae'' has been described as "probably the single most influential publication in lichen systematics in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion. If a taxon is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by one of the nomenclature codes specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping. Initial attempts at classifying and ordering organisms (plants and animals) were set forth in Carl Linnaeus's Linnaean taxonomy, system in ''Systema Naturae'', 10th edition (1758), as well as an unpublished work by Bernard de Jussieu, Bernard and Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. The idea of a unit-based system of biological classification was first mad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascospore
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. ''Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. ''Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some ''Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bourrelet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apothecia
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of flecks of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascomata
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of flecks of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorococcum
''Chlorococcum'' is a genus of green algae, in the family Chlorococcaceae. The alga may be useful in the flocculation of lipids from wastewater. Species , AlgaeBase accepted the following species: *'' Chlorococcum acidum'' P.A.Archibald & Bold *'' Chlorococcum aegyptiacum'' P.A.Archibald *'' Chlorococcum aerium'' (R.M.Brown & Bold) Wanatabe & Lewis *'' Chlorococcum africanum'' Reinsch *'' Chlorococcum amblystomatis'' (F.D.Lambert ex N.Wille) N.Correia, J.Varela & Leonel Pereira *'' Chlorococcum aquaticum'' P.A.Archibald *'' Chlorococcum botryoides'' (Kützing) Rabenhorst *'' Chlorococcum chlorococcoides'' (Korshikov) Philipose *''Chlorococcum choloepodis ''Chlorococcum'' is a genus of green algae, in the family Chlorococcaceae. The alga may be useful in the flocculation of lipids from wastewater. Species , AlgaeBase accepted the following species: *'' Chlorococcum acidum'' P.A.Archibald & Bold ...'' (J.Kühn) D.E.Wujek & P.Timpano *'' Chlorococcum citriforme'' P.A.Archibald ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Green Algae
The green algae (singular: green alga) are a group consisting of the Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister which contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta. The land plants (Embryophytes) have emerged deep in the Charophyte alga as sister of the Zygnematophyceae. Since the realization that the Embryophytes emerged within the green algae, some authors are starting to properly include them. The completed clade that includes both green algae and embryophytes is monophyletic and is referred to as the clade Viridiplantae and as the kingdom Plantae. The green algae include unicellular and colonial flagellates, most with two flagella per cell, as well as various colonial, coccoid and filamentous forms, and macroscopic, multicellular seaweeds. There are about 22,000 species of green algae. Many species live most of their lives as single cells, while other species form coenobia (colonies), long filaments, or highly differentiated macroscopic seaweeds. A few other organi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photobiont
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
Crustose Lichen
Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the Substrate (biology), substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichens consists of a cortex (botany), cortex layer, an algal layer, and a medulla. The upper cortex layer is differentiated and is usually pigmented. The algal layer lies beneath the cortex. The medulla fastens the lichen to the substrate and is made up of Fungus, fungal hyphae. The surface of crustose lichens is characterized by branching cracks that periodically close in response to climatic variations such as alternate wetting and drying regimes. Subtypes * Powdery – considered as the simplest subtype due to the absence of an organized thallus. :The thallus appears powdery. :E.g. Genera ''Lepraria'', ''Vezdaea'' * Endolithic – grows inside the rock, usually in interstitial spaces between mineral grains. The :upper cortex is usually d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Validly Published Name
In botanical nomenclature, a validly published name is a name that meets the requirements in the '' International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' for valid publication. Valid publication of a name represents the minimum requirements for a botanical name to exist: terms that appear to be names but have not been validly published are referred to in the ''ICN'' as "designations". A validly published name may not satisfy all the requirements to be '' legitimate''. It is also not necessarily the correct name for a particular taxon and rank. Nevertheless, invalid names (''nomen invalidum'', ''nom. inval.'') are sometimes in use. This may occur when a taxonomist finds and recognises a taxon and thinks of a name, but delays publishing it in an adequate manner. A common reason for this is that a taxonomist intends to write a ''magnum opus'' that provides an overview of the group, rather than a series of small papers. Another reason is that the code of nomenclature chan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
