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Bhesa Andamanica
''Bhesa'' is a small genus of woody plants in the family Centroplacaceae. Its natural distribution is from southern China to New Guinea. It was formerly classified in Celastraceae, until a molecular phylogenetic study placed it in the family Centroplacaceae in the order Malpighiales. There are eight species: * '' Bhesa andamanica'' N.Balach. & Chakrab. * '' Bhesa archboldiana'' (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Ding Hou * '' Bhesa ceylanica'' (Arn. ex Thwaites) Ding Hou * ''Bhesa indica ''Bhesa indica'' is a flowering plant tree species in the Centroplacaceae family. It is distributed along the tropical wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India.Ding Hou, 1958A conspectus of the genus Bhesa (Celastraceae).''Blumea'' ...'' (Bedd.) Ding Hou * '' Bhesa nitidissima'' Kosterm. * '' Bhesa paniculata'' Arn. * '' Bhesa robusta'' (Roxb.) Ding Hou * '' Bhesa sinica'' (H.T.Chang & Liang) H.T.Chang & Liang References Malpighiales genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot ...
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Bhesa Indica
''Bhesa indica'' is a flowering plant tree species in the Centroplacaceae family. It is distributed along the tropical wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India.Ding Hou, 1958A conspectus of the genus Bhesa (Celastraceae).''Blumea'' 4: 149–153. It is considered synonymous with '' Bhesa paniculata'' by some authors. Taxonomy ''Bhesa indica'' has been considered as synonymous with ''Trochisandra indica'', ''Kurrimia bipartita'', ''Kurrimia indica'', and ''Kurrimia paniculata''. Other authors have distinguished Indian from Malayan species. Brandis noted that ''Trochisandra indica'' Bedd., reported from 3–6,000 feet in the Anamalai hills of the Western Ghats, should be referred to the southern Indian species, ''Kurrimia bipartita'' Lawson, instead of the Malayan species, ''K. paniculata'' Wall., as quoted by Lawson. The two species were also distinguished by Ding Hou on the basis of flower and fruit characters. The flowers of the two species differ in that ''Bhesa ...
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Bhesa Andamanica
''Bhesa'' is a small genus of woody plants in the family Centroplacaceae. Its natural distribution is from southern China to New Guinea. It was formerly classified in Celastraceae, until a molecular phylogenetic study placed it in the family Centroplacaceae in the order Malpighiales. There are eight species: * '' Bhesa andamanica'' N.Balach. & Chakrab. * '' Bhesa archboldiana'' (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Ding Hou * '' Bhesa ceylanica'' (Arn. ex Thwaites) Ding Hou * ''Bhesa indica ''Bhesa indica'' is a flowering plant tree species in the Centroplacaceae family. It is distributed along the tropical wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India.Ding Hou, 1958A conspectus of the genus Bhesa (Celastraceae).''Blumea'' ...'' (Bedd.) Ding Hou * '' Bhesa nitidissima'' Kosterm. * '' Bhesa paniculata'' Arn. * '' Bhesa robusta'' (Roxb.) Ding Hou * '' Bhesa sinica'' (H.T.Chang & Liang) H.T.Chang & Liang References Malpighiales genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot ...
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Bhesa
''Bhesa'' is a small genus of woody plants in the family Centroplacaceae. Its natural distribution is from southern China to New Guinea. It was formerly classified in Celastraceae, until a molecular phylogenetic study placed it in the family Centroplacaceae in the order Malpighiales. There are eight species: * ''Bhesa andamanica'' N.Balach. & Chakrab. * ''Bhesa archboldiana'' (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Ding Hou * ''Bhesa ceylanica'' (Arn. ex Thwaites) Ding Hou * ''Bhesa indica'' (Bedd.) Ding Hou * ''Bhesa nitidissima'' Kosterm. * ''Bhesa paniculata'' Arn. * ''Bhesa robusta'' (Roxb.) Ding Hou * ''Bhesa sinica ''Bhesa sinica'' is an evergreen tree with buttressed trunk in the Centroplacaceae family. It is endemic to China, being only known from the coast of Guanxi ''Guanxi'' () is a term used in Chinese culture to describe an individual's social n ...'' (H.T.Chang & Liang) H.T.Chang & Liang References Malpighiales genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Malpig ...
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Bhesa Sinica
''Bhesa sinica'' is an evergreen tree with buttressed trunk in the Centroplacaceae family. It is endemic to China, being only known from the coast of Guanxi ''Guanxi'' () is a term used in Chinese culture to describe an individual's social network of mutually beneficial personal and business relationships. The character ''guan'', 关, means “closed” while the character ''xi'' 系 means “system .... Only three mature trees and a few saplings are known to exist in the wild. References sinica Endemic flora of China Trees of China Critically endangered plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Plants described in 1981 {{Malpighiales-stub ...
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Bhesa Robusta
''Bhesa robusta'' is a species of plant in the Centroplacaceae family. It is found in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and possibly Bhutan. References robusta ROBUSTA (Radiation on Bipolar for University Satellite Test Application) is a nano-satellite scientific experiment developed by the University of Montpellier students as part of a Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) call for student projects ... Least concern plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Malpighiales-stub ...
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Bhesa Paniculata
''Bhesa paniculata'' is a species of plant in the Centroplacaceae family. It is found in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. It is sometimes considered a synonym of ''Bhesa indica ''Bhesa indica'' is a flowering plant tree species in the Centroplacaceae family. It is distributed along the tropical wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India.Ding Hou, 1958A conspectus of the genus Bhesa (Celastraceae).''Blumea'' ...''. References paniculata Least concern plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Malpighiales-stub ...
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Bhesa Nitidissima
''Bhesa nitidissima'' is a species of plant in the Centroplacaceae family. It is endemic to Sri Lanka. Description A tree with an average height of 20-30 meters (65-98 feet) but can reach as high as 50 meters (164 feet). Bark is usually dark brown and deeply cracked on older specimens. The unique feature of the Bhesa genus within the Centroplacaceae family is its geniculate petioles; which essentially means that the leaf bends sharply away from the stalk. The petiole usually contains three vascular bundles. Seed germination is epigeal. Produces 3-4mm wide, greenish to white sessile flowers with 5 petals. The flowers produce greenish brown, oblong seeds encased in a thick gelatinous aril inside capsules up to 2.2cm long. Ecology Endemic to Sri Lanka. Found mostly in low elevation wet zone forests, but have a recorded range of up to 1600 meters (5249 feet). The tree flowers September through October and produces fruit November through December. Although listed as critically end ...
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Bhesa Ceylanica
''Bhesa ceylanica'' is a species of plant in the family Centroplacaceae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an .... References Endemic flora of Sri Lanka ceylanica Vulnerable plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Malpighiales-stub ...
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Bhesa Archboldiana
''Bhesa'' is a small genus of woody plants in the family Centroplacaceae. Its natural distribution is from southern China to New Guinea. It was formerly classified in Celastraceae, until a molecular phylogenetic study placed it in the family Centroplacaceae in the order Malpighiales. There are eight species: * ''Bhesa andamanica'' N.Balach. & Chakrab. * '' Bhesa archboldiana'' (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Ding Hou * '' Bhesa ceylanica'' (Arn. ex Thwaites) Ding Hou * ''Bhesa indica ''Bhesa indica'' is a flowering plant tree species in the Centroplacaceae family. It is distributed along the tropical wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India.Ding Hou, 1958A conspectus of the genus Bhesa (Celastraceae).''Blumea'' ...'' (Bedd.) Ding Hou * '' Bhesa nitidissima'' Kosterm. * '' Bhesa paniculata'' Arn. * '' Bhesa robusta'' (Roxb.) Ding Hou * '' Bhesa sinica'' (H.T.Chang & Liang) H.T.Chang & Liang References Malpighiales genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot ...
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Malpighiales
The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 36 families and more than species, about 7.8% of the eudicots. The order is very diverse, containing plants as different as the willow, violet, poinsettia, manchineel, rafflesia and coca plant, and are hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is not part of any of the classification systems based only on plant morphology. Molecular clock calculations estimate the origin of stem group Malpighiales at around 100 million years ago ( Mya) and the origin of crown group Malpighiales at about 90 Mya. The Malpighiales are divided into 32 to 42 families, depending upon which clades in the order are given the taxonomic rank of family. In the APG III system, 35 families were recognized. Medusagynaceae, Quiinaceae, Peraceae, Malesherbiaceae, Turneraceae, Samydaceae, and Scyphostegiaceae were consolidated into other families. The largest family, by far, is the Euphorbiaceae, ...
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Francis Buchanan-Hamilton
Francis Buchanan (15 February 1762 – 15 June 1829), later known as Francis Hamilton but often referred to as Francis Buchanan-Hamilton, was a Scottish physician who made significant contributions as a geographer, zoologist, and botanist while living in India. He did not assume the name of Hamilton until three years after his retirement from India. The standard botanical author abbreviation Buch.-Ham. is applied to plants and animals he described, though today the form "Hamilton, 1822" is more usually seen in ichthyology and is preferred by Fishbase. Early life Francis Buchanan was born at Bardowie, Callander, Perthshire where Elizabeth, his mother, lived on the estate of Branziet; his father Thomas, a physician, came in Spittal and claimed the chiefdom of the name of Buchanan and owned the Leny estate. Francis Buchanan matriculated in 1774 and received an MA in 1779. As he had three older brothers, he had to earn a living from a profession, so Buchanan studied medicine ...
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Molecular Phylogeny
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical framew ...
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