|
Beit Ello
Beitillu ( ar, بيت إللو) is a Palestinian town located in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate in the northern West Bank, 19 kilometers Northwest of Ramallah. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of approximately 3,083 in mid-year 2006 Presently much of the villagers' traditional land, springs, gardens with olive and fig trees, near the Israeli settlement of Nachliel cannot be accessed, because their way is barred by Israeli soldiers or settlers, often with dogs. Beitillu, together with Deir 'Ammar and Jammala, form the new town of Al-Ittihad. increasing in the 1931 census to a population of 440, still all Muslim, in 98 houses.Mills, 1932, p 47/ref> In the 1945 statistics the population of Beitillu was 490 Muslims,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p 26/ref> with 13,409 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. 5,825 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 1,681 dun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Script
The Arabic script is the writing system used for Arabic and several other languages of Asia and Africa. It is the second-most widely used writing system in the world by number of countries using it or a script directly derived from it, and the third-most by number of users (after the Latin and Chinese scripts). The script was first used to write texts in Arabic, most notably the Quran, the holy book of Islam. With the religion's spread, it came to be used as the primary script for many language families, leading to the addition of new letters and other symbols. Such languages still using it are: Persian (Farsi/Dari), Malay ( Jawi), Uyghur, Kurdish, Punjabi (Shahmukhi), Sindhi, Balti, Balochi, Pashto, Lurish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Rohingya, Somali and Mandinka, Mooré among others. Until the 16th century, it was also used for some Spanish texts, and—prior to the language reform in 1928—it was the writing system of Turkish. The script is written from right to left in a cu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Zaytouneh
Al-Zaitounah ( ar, الزيتونة, meaning "the Olive") is a Palestinian town in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate. It was formed in 2005 as the result of a merger of the villages of Abu Shukheidim and al-Mazra'a al-Qibliya. In 2007, al-Zaitounah had a population of 6,190, according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.2007 Census Final Results . Location AL-Zaytouneh is located from . It is bordered by |
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia, and was ruled by emperors. From the accession of Caesar Augustus as the first Roman emperor to the military anarchy of the 3rd century, it was a Principate with Italia as the metropole of its provinces and the city of Rome as its sole capital. The Empire was later ruled by multiple emperors who shared control over the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire. The city of Rome remained the nominal capital of both parts until AD 476 when the imperial insignia were sent to Constantinople following the capture of the Western capital of Ravenna by the Germanic barbarians. The adoption of Christianity as the state church of the Roman Empire in AD 380 and the fall of the Western ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hellenistic Period
In Classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. The Ancient Greek word ''Hellas'' (, ''Hellás'') was gradually recognized as the name for Greece, from which the word ''Hellenistic'' was derived. "Hellenistic" is distinguished from "Hellenic" in that the latter refers to Greece itself, while the former encompasses all ancient territories under Greek influence, in particular the East after the conquests of Alexander the Great. After the Macedonian invasion of the Achaemenid Empire in 330 BC and its disintegration shortly after, the Hellenistic kingdoms were established throughout south-west Asia ( Seleucid Empire, Kingdom of Pergamon), north-east Africa ( Ptolemaic Kingdom) and South Asia ( Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Indo-Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire (; peo, 𐎧𐏁𐏂, , ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Based in Western Asia, it was contemporarily the largest empire in history, spanning a total of from the Balkans and Egypt in the west to Central Asia and the Indus Valley in the east. Around the 7th century BC, the region of Persis in the southwestern portion of the Iranian plateau was settled by the Persians. From Persis, Cyrus rose and defeated the Median Empire as well as Lydia and the Neo-Babylonian Empire, marking the formal establishment of a new imperial polity under the Achaemenid dynasty. In the modern era, the Achaemenid Empire has been recognized for its imposition of a successful model of centralized, bureaucratic administration; its multicultural policy; building complex infrastructure, such as road systems and an organized postal system; the use of official languages across ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age (Chalcolithic). The concept has been mostly applied to Iron Age Europe and the Ancient Near East, but also, by analogy, to other parts of the Old World. The duration of the Iron Age varies depending on the region under consideration. It is defined by archaeological convention. The "Iron Age" begins locally when the production of iron or steel has advanced to the point where iron tools and weapons replace their bronze equivalents in common use. In the Ancient Near East, this transition took place in the wake of the Bronze Age collapse, in the 12th century BC. The technology soon spread throughout the Mediterranean Basin region and to South Asia (Iron Age in India) between the 12th and 11th century BC. Its further spread to Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and Central Europe is somewhat dela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sherd
In archaeology, a sherd, or more precisely, potsherd, is commonly a historic or prehistoric fragment of pottery, although the term is occasionally used to refer to fragments of stone and glass vessels, as well. Occasionally, a piece of broken pottery may be referred to as a shard. While the spelling shard is generally reserved for referring to fragments of glass vessels, the term does not exclude pottery fragments. The etymology is connected with the idea of breakage, from Old English ''sceard'', related to Old Norse ''skarð'', "notch", and Middle High German ''schart'', "notch". A sherd or potsherd that has been used by having writing painted or inscribed on it can be more precisely referred to as an ostracon An ostracon (Greek: ''ostrakon'', plural ''ostraka'') is a piece of pottery, usually broken off from a vase or other earthenware vessel. In an archaeological or epigraphical context, ''ostraca'' refer to sherds or even small pieces of ston .... The analysis of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al Janiya
Al-Janiya ( ar, الجانيه) is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate located 8 kilometers northwest of Ramallah in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the village had a population of 1,400 inhabitants by late 2014.Barron, 1923, Table XIV, p45/ref> This had increased by the time of the 1931 census to 250, 245 Muslims and 5 Christians, in 60 houses.Mills, 1932, p 49 In the 1945 statistics the population was 300, all Muslims,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p 26/ref> while the total land area was 7,565 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 2,961 were plantations and irrigable land, 1,423 for cereals, while 40 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas. Jordanian era In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Al-Janiya came under Jordanian rule. The Jordanian census of 1961 found 451 inhab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kharbatha Bani Harith
Kharbatha Bani Harith ( ar, خربثا بني حارث) is a Palestinian town in the central West Bank, located 15 kilometers west of Ramallah in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate. The name of the town is probably a corruption of Khirbat Bani Harith ("the ruins of the sons of Harith"). According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 2,846. It has a total land area of 7,120 dunams. Location Kharbatha Bani Harith is located west of Ramallah. It is bordered by Ras Karkar to the east, Al-Itihad to the north, Deir Qaddis to the north and west, and Bil’in and Kafr Ni’ma to the south. History Pottery sherds from Iron Age II, Persian, Byzantine, Byzantine/Umayyad and Mamluk era have been found here.Finkelstein and Lederman, 1997, p. 200 Ottoman era Kharbatha Bani Harith was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared under the name of ''Harabta'' in the tax registers, being in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ras Karkar
Ras Karkar ( ar, رأس كركر) is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, located northwest of Ramallah in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 1,663 inhabitants in 2007. Location Ras Karkar is bordered by Al Janiya to the east, Al-Itihad to the north, Kharbatha Bani Harith to the west, and Kafr Ni'ma to the south. History Potsherds from the Hellenistic, Mamluk and early Ottoman era have been found.Finkelstein et al, 1997, p. 221 Ottoman era The village, also known as Ras Ibn Samhan, is topped with a castle on a high, rocky and sharply sloping mountain surrounded by cactus trees. One of the many throne villages (a central village dominated by a semi-feudal family which controlled tens of villages around it) in Palestine, the castle of the Samhan family, erected in 18th or 19th century, is the subject of a preservation effort, and provides proof of the great power and w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deir Qaddis
Deir Qaddis ( ar, دير قديس) is a Palestinian town in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate of the State of Palestine, in the central West Bank, located sixteen kilometers west of Ramallah. In 1863 Guérin estimated that ''Deir Kaddis'' had about 350 inhabitants,Guérin, 1875, p85/ref> while an Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed ''Der Kaddis'' had 36 houses and a population of 112, though the population count included only the men. In 1883, the PEF's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' described ''Deir el Kuddis'' as a "small hamlet on a high hill-top, with gardens to the north .There is a well on the east."Conder and Kitchener, 1882, p297/ref> British Mandate era In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Dair Qaddis had a population of 299 inhabitants, all Muslims,Barron, 1923, Table VII, Division Jaffa, Sub-district of Ramleh, p 22/ref> increasing in the 1931 census to a population of 368, still all Muslim, in 82 houses.Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shabtin
Shabtin is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate in the central West Bank. Location Shabtin is located north-west of Ramallah. Shabtin is bordered by Al Itihad to the east, Shuqba to the north, Ni'lin to the west, and Deir Qaddis to the south. History Just southeast of the village (at grid no. 1544/1528) is ''Kh. Shabtin'', where pottery sherds from the Persian,Finkelstein et al, 1997, p. 194 Persian/Hellenistic, late Roman,Dauphin, 1998, p. 830 Byzantine Umayyad/Abbasid eras have been found. The SWP noted "Traces of ruins" here. Pottery sherds from the Roman/Byzantine eras have been found at Shabtin.Finkelstein et al, 1997, p. 195 During the Crusader era, the area was a Crusader stronghold, centred around Aboud. Remains of a house from Crusader era have been identified in the centre of Shabtin. Sherds from the Mamluk era have been found in Shabtin, together with a hoard of 45 Mamluk gold coins. Ottoman era Sherds from the early Ottoma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
