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Banisadr
Seyyed Abolhassan Banisadr ( fa, سید ابوالحسن بنیصدر; 22 March 1933 – 9 October 2021) was an Iranian politician, writer, and political dissident. He was the first president of Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution abolished the monarchy, serving from February 1980 until his impeachment by parliament in June 1981. Prior to his presidency, he was the minister of foreign affairs in the interim government. He had resided for many years in France where he co-founded the National Council of Resistance of Iran. Following his impeachment, Banisadr fled Iran and found political asylum in France. Banisadr later focused on political writings about his activities during the Iranian revolution and his critiques of the Iranian government. He became a critic of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and the country's handling of its 2009 elections. Early life and education Banisadr was born on 22 March 1933 in Hamadān. His father was an ayatollah and close to Ruhollah Khomeini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution ( fa, انقلاب ایران, Enqelâb-e Irân, ), also known as the Islamic Revolution ( fa, انقلاب اسلامی, Enqelâb-e Eslâmī), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and the replacement of his government with an Islamic republic under the rule of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a leader of one of the factions in the revolt. The revolution was supported by various Organizations of the Iranian Revolution, leftist and Islamist organizations. After the 1953 Iranian coup d'état, Pahlavi had aligned with the United States and the Western Bloc to rule more firmly as an authoritarian monarch. He relied heavily on support from the United States to hold on to power which he held for a further 26 years. This led to the 1963 White Revolution and the arrest and exile of Ayatollah Khomeini in 1964. Amidst massive tensions between Khomeini and the Shah, demonstrations began in Octob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of The Islamic Revolution
The Council of the Islamic Revolution ( fa, شورای انقلاب اسلامی, Šūrā-ye enqelāb-e eslāmī) was a group formed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to manage the Iranian Revolution on 10 January 1979, shortly before he returned to Iran. "Over the next few months there issued from the council hundreds of rulings and laws, dealing with everything from bank nationalization to nurses' salaries."Bakhash, Shaul, ''Reign of the Ayatollahs'', Basic Books, 1984, p.65 Its existence was kept a secret during the early, less secure time of the revolution, and its members and the exact nature of what the council did remained undisclosed to the public until early 1980. Some of the council's members like Motahhari, Taleqani, Bahonar, Beheshti, Qarani died during Iran–Iraq War or were assassinated by the MKO during the consolidation of the Iranian Revolution. Most of those who remained were put aside by the regime. Momen, Moojan, ''An Introduction to Shi'i Islam'', Yale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Office For The Cooperation Of The People With The President
Office for the Cooperation of the People with the President ( fa, دفتر هماهنگی همکاریهای مردم با رئیسجمهور) was a political organization in Iran that was closely associated to then-President Abolhassan Banisadr. Since Banisadr was skeptical of partisan activities in Iran, he did not like the idea of creating a party. However, despite using the name "office", the organization "was created out of necessity to fulfill some, if not all, of the functions of a political party". It had branches all over the country. Parliamentary election and presence OCPP issued an electoral list for the 1980 Iranian legislative election, that had candidates shared with the Freedom Movement, the National Front and the People's Mujahedin. The exclusive candidates of OCPP included Fathollah Banisadr (his brother), Mohammad Moballeghi-Eslami (Banisadr's choice for Channel 2) and Mohammad Ja'fari (editor-in-chief of '' Enghelabe Eslami''). Ahmad Salamatian and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadegh Ghotbzadeh
Sadegh Ghotbzadeh ( fa, صادق قطبزاده, 24 February 1936 – 15 September 1982) was an Iranian politician who served as a close aide of Ayatollah Khomeini during his 1978 exile in France, and foreign minister (30 November 1979 – August 1980) during the Iran hostage crisis following the Iranian Revolution. In 1982, he was executed for allegedly plotting the assassination of Ayatollah Khomeini and the overthrow of the Islamic Republic. Early life and education Ghotbzadeh was born in Isfahan in 1936. He had a sister and a brother. His father was a wealthy lumber merchant. As a student, he was active in the student branch of the National Front following the toppling of Mohammad Mosaddegh in 1953. He left Iran in 1959 after being detained twice due to his opposition activities to the Shah's regime; he lived in Europe, the US and Canada. Ghotbzadeh was a supporter of the National Front of Iran. In addition he was one of the senior members of the Freedom Movement of I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad-Ali Rajai
Mohammad-Ali Rajai ( fa, محمدعلی رجائی; 15 June 1933 – 30 August 1981) was the second president of Iran from 2 to 30 August 1981 after serving as prime minister under Abolhassan Banisadr. He was also minister of foreign affairs from 11 March 1981 to 15 August 1981, while he was prime minister. He was assassinated in a bombing on 30 August 1981 along with prime minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar. Early life and education Mohammad-Ali Rajai was born on 15 June 1933 in Qazvin, Iran. His father, a shopkeeper named Abdulsamad, died when he was 4 years old. Rajai grew up in Qazvin and moved to Tehran in the late 1940s. He joined the Air Force at age sixteen or seventeen. In 1959 he graduated from Tarbiat Moallem University with a degree in education. He worked as a teacher of mathematics. Political career Before the Islamic revolution After moving to Tehran, Rajai became involved in the anti-Shah movement and was associated with Ayatollah Mahmoud Taleghani and the F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Council Of Resistance Of Iran
The National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI; fa, شورای ملی مقاومت ایران, Šurā-ye melli-e moqāvemat-e Īrān) is an Iranian political organization based in France and Albania. The organization is a political coalition calling to overthrow the Islamic Republic of Iran. The coalition is made up of different Iranian dissident groups, with its main member being the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK). Both organizations are considered to be led by Massoud Rajavi and his wife Maryam Rajavi. The NCRI is also recognized as the MEK's diplomatic wing opposing the Islamic Republic.Kenneth KatzmanDocument No.9 Iran:U.S. Concerns and Policy: Responses, CRS Report RL32048 in Kristen Boon, Aziz Z. Huq, Douglas Lovelace (eds.) ''Global Stability and U.S. National Security,'' Oxford University Press, 2012 pp.297-383 p.317.Sasan Fayazmanesh ''The United States and Iran: Sanctions, Wars and the Policy of Dual Containment,'' Routledge, 2008 pp.79,81. In 2002, the NCRI expos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Iran
The president of Iran ( fa, رئیسجمهور ایران, Rayis Jomhur-e Irān) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The president is the second highest-ranking official of Iran after the Supreme Leader. The president is required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in by the Parliament and the Supreme Leader has the power to dismiss the elected president if he has either been impeached by Parliament or found guilty of a constitutional violation by the Supreme Court. The president carries out the decrees, and answers to the Supreme Leader, who functions as the country's head of state.(see Article 110 of the constitution) Unlike the executive in other countries, the president of Iran does not have full control over the government, which is ultimately under the direct control of the Supreme Leader. Before elections, the nominees must be approved by the guardian council to become a president candidate. Members of the guardian c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruhollah Khomeini
Ruhollah Khomeini, Ayatollah Khomeini, Imam Khomeini ( , ; ; 17 May 1900 – 3 June 1989) was an Iranian political and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which saw the overthrow of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the end of the Persian monarchy. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's first supreme leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. Most of his period in power was taken up by the Iran–Iraq War of 1980–1988. He was succeeded by Ali Khamenei on 4 June 1989. Khomeini was born in Khomeyn, in what is now Iran's Markazi province. His father was murdered in 1903 when Khomeini was two years old. He began studying the Quran and Arabic from a young age and was assiste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamadan
Hamadan () or Hamedan ( fa, همدان, ''Hamedān'') ( Old Persian: Haŋgmetana, Ecbatana) is the capital city of Hamadan Province of Iran. At the 2019 census, its population was 783,300 in 230,775 families. The majority of people living in Hamadan identify as ethnic Persians. Hamedan is believed to be among the oldest Iranian cities. It is possible that it was occupied by the Assyrians in 1100 BCE; the Ancient Greek historian, Herodotus, states that it was the capital of the Medes, around 700 BCE. Hamedan has a green mountainous area in the foothills of the 3,574-meter Alvand Mountain, in the midwest part of Iran. The city is 1,850 meters Above mean sea level, above sea level. The highly cultural nature of this old city and its historic sites attract tourists during the summer to this city, located approximately southwest of Tehran. The major sights of this city are the Ganj Nameh inscription, the Avicenna monument and the Baba Taher monument. The main language in the city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Economic Affairs And Finance (Iran)
The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance's functions are: *Manage the Iranian treasury department, *Lending by the government to banks in Iran, *Regulation of Iran's economy and its financial policy, *implementing & enforcing tax policies in Iran, *in charge of foreign direct investment (F.D.I.), *directing the banking and commercial insurance sector of Iran, *regulating the financial markets of Iran, see also: Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO) & Central Bank of Iran. The affairs related policy-making, organizations, and institutes in the field of trade of goods and services are handled by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Ministry of E.A.F.). Ministers of Finance during the Imperial State of Iran *Mohammad Ali Foroughi, 1924-1925 * Morteza Gholi Bayat, 1925-? *Vossug ed Dowleh, 1926 *Firouz Nosrat-ed-Dowleh III, 1927-1929 * Mohammad Ali Farzin, 1929 * Hassan Mashhar, 1929-1930 *Hassan Taqizadeh, 1930-1933 * Ali Akbar Davar, 1933-1937 * Mahmud B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hossein Namazi
Hossein Namazi ( fa, حسین نمازی; born 1945) is an Iranian economist and academic, who served in different cabinet posts. Early life and education Namazi was born in 1945. He received a PhD in economics in Austria. Career Namazi is an economist and academic. He served as the minister of finance in different governments of Iran. First he served in this post from March 1981 to 1985. In 1985 he was approved for the post by the Majlis, getting 106 for votes. He was reappointed as minister of finance to the cabinet led by President Mohammad Khatami in August 1997. He succeeded Morteza Mohammadkhan in the post. When Namazi was in office, there was a rivalry between him and Mohsen Nourbakhsh, governor of Central Bank of Iran. Namazi's term ended in August 2001, and he was replaced by Tahmasb Mazaheri Tahmasb Mazaheri ( fa, طهماسب مظاهری) is an Iranian peoples, Iranian politician who served as the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Iran), Minister of Eco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Front (Iran)
The National Front of Iran ( fa, جبهه ملی ایران, Jebhe-ye Melli-ye Irân) is an opposition political organization in Iran, founded by Mohammad Mosaddegh in 1949. It is the oldest and arguably the largest pro-democracy group operating inside Iran despite having never been able to recover the prominence it had in the early 1950s. Initially, the front was an umbrella organization for a broad spectrum of forces with nationalist, liberal-democratic, socialist, ''bazaari'', secular and Islamic tendencies, that mobilized to successfully campaign for the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry. In 1951, the Front formed a government which was deposed by the 1953 Iranian ''coup d'état'' and subsequently repressed. Members attempted to revive the Front in 1960, 1965 and 1977. Before 1953 and throughout the 1960s, the Front was torn by strife between secular and religious elements; over time its coalition split into various squabbling factions, with the Front gradually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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