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Bamberg-Refraktor
The Bamberg-Refraktor is a large telescope. The refracting telescope has an aperture of 320 millimetres, a focal length of five metres and is located in the Wilhelm Foerster Observatory in the Berlin district of Schöneberg. The name "Bamberg" goes back to the builder of the telescope, Carl Bamberg (* 12. Juli 1847 in Kranichfeld; † 4. Juni 1892 in Friedenau), and the term "refractor" ( Latin ' = 'back' and ' = 'refract') means that the telescope is made exclusively with light-refracting optical lenses and does not use mirrors or zone plates. History The 12-Zoll- telescope was built in 1889 in the Berlin workshops of Carl Bamberg in Friedenauer Bundesallee in Berlin, was at the time the largest telescope in the Kingdom of Prussia and the second largest in the German Empire after the refractor at the Observatoire de Strasbourg. It was characterised by careful manufacture, a large focal length and modern control technology. An electric clock was used for the la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Foerster Observatory
The Wilhelm Foerster Observatory in Berlin is a large public observatory which allows visitors to observe the sky through several telescopes. The facility is named after the German astronomer Wilhelm Foerster. Location The listed building is located on the Insulaner hill, a mountain of post- World War II rubble in the Berlin quarter of Schöneberg in the district of Tempelhof-Schöneberg. Slightly west at the foot of the Insulaner at Munsterdamm there are the Planetarium am Insulaner with a dome projection and an astronomical library. All facilities are managed by the ''Stiftung Planetarium Berlin'', and such combination is unique in Europe. The history of the observatory The history of the observatory can be read in an exhibition in the planetarium at the Insulaner. Foundation and development years (1947–1970) On October 15, 1947, Hans Mühle and Hans Rechlin founded the Wilhelm Foerster Institute (Berlin South Observatory). The official founding is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Bamberg
Johann Carl Wilhelm Anton Bamberg (born 12 July 12, 1847 in Kranichfeld, died 4 June 1892 in Friedenau) was a German engineer and entrepreneur. He began his career as an apprentice at Carl Zeiss. In 1871 he founded his own company, manufacturing cathetometers and planimeters. He manufactured Equatorial mount, equatorial telescopes for the Düsseldorf Observatory, the Jena Observatory and the Urania Berlin Observatory. He is best known for the Bamberg-Refraktor, a large telescope in Berlin. In 1878 he set up a time ball station at Wilhelmshaven. After his death, his company became Askania-Werke AG, which continues to this day. Family His parents were Johann Christian Heinrich Bamberg from Kranichfeld and Johanna Dorothe Karoline, Heintz, from Berka. He married Emma Caroline Roux (1847–1908), daughter of University of Jena fencing master Friedrich Wilhelm Roux, on 26 April 1874. They had two sons, Ernst Wilhelm Julius Bamberg (1875–1882) and Paul Adolf Bamberg (1876-1946). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aperture
In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An optical system typically has many openings or structures that limit the ray bundles (ray bundles are also known as ''pencils'' of light). These structures may be the edge of a lens or mirror, or a ring or other fixture that holds an optical element in place, or may be a special element such as a diaphragm placed in the optical path to limit the light admitted by the system. In general, these structures are called stops, and the aperture stop is the stop that primarily determines the ray cone angle and brightness at the image point. In some contexts, especially in photography and astronomy, ''aperture'' refers to the diameter of the aperture stop rather than the physical stop or the opening itself. For example, in a telescope, the aperture ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Empire
The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary empire led by an emperor, although has been used in German to denote the Roman Empire because it had a weak hereditary tradition. In the case of the German Empire, the official name was , which is properly translated as "German Empire" because the official position of head of state in the constitution of the German Empire was officially a "presidency" of a confederation of German states led by the King of Prussia who would assume "the title of German Emperor" as referring to the German people, but was not emperor of Germany as in an emperor of a state. –The German Empire" ''Harper's New Monthly Magazine''. vol. 63, issue 376, pp. 591–603; here p. 593. also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich, as well as simply Germany, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustav Witt
Carl Gustav Witt (29 October 1866 – 3 January 1946) was a German astronomer and discoverer of two asteroids who worked at the Berlin Urania Observatory, a popular observatory of the Urania astronomical association of Berlin. He wrote a doctoral thesis under the direction of Julius Bauschinger. Witt discovered two asteroids, most notably 433 Eros, the first asteroid with a male name, and the first known near-Earth object. His first minor planet discovery was the main-belt asteroid 422 Berolina, that bears the Latin name of his adoptive city. The minor planet 2732 Witt – an A-type asteroid from the main-belt, discovered by Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in 1926 – was named in his memory by American astronomer and MPC's longtime director, Brian G. Marsden Brian Geoffrey Marsden (5 August 1937 – 18 November 2010) was a British astronomer and the longtime director of the Minor Planet Center (MPC) at the Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (dir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Foerster
Wilhelm Julius Foerster (16 December 1832 – 18 January 1921) was a German astronomer. His name can also be written Förster, but is usually written "Foerster" even in most German sources where 'ö' is otherwise used in the text. Biography A native of Grünberg, Silesia, he studied at the University of Berlin and Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, and worked as Johann Franz Encke's assistant. In 1860, he co-discovered asteroid 62 Erato with Oskar Lesser, the first co-discovery on record. He became professor of astronomy at the University of Berlin in 1863. After Encke's death in 1865, he became director of the Berlin Observatory and served in this position until 1904. In 1868 he was appointed director of the commission established by the North German Confederation, and continued from 1871 by the German Empire, for the determination of standards of measurement. In this capacity, he superintended the reorganization of the German system of weights and measures on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Simon Archenhold
Friedrich Simon Archenhold (2 October 1861 in Lichtenau, Westphalia – 14 October 1939 in Berlin) was an astronomer who founded the Treptow Observatory (today the Archenhold Observatory) in Berlin-Treptow. He graduated from the Realgymnasium in Lippstadt before entering Friedrich Wilhelm University in 1882, where he and Wilhelm Förster founded the Urania Society at the Berlin University Observatory. Largest telescope On the basis of Archenhold's plans, the world's longest moving refracting telescope was built with a focal length of 21 meters. The telescope was part of the Great Industrial Exposition of Berlin, a world's fair. The giant telescope was constructed in Treptow, a suburb of Berlin. The telescope was opened to the public on 1 May 1896 in a temporary wooden structure which was completed in September. Public observatory By 1908 Archenhold had raised the funds to replace the wooden structure with the building that stands today. Some of the funds came from a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invalidenstraße
The Invalidenstraße is a street in Berlin, Germany. It runs east to west for through the districts of Mitte and Moabit. The street originally connected three important railway stations in the northern city centre: the Stettiner Bahnhof (today Nordbahnhof), the Hamburger Bahnhof and the Lehrter Bahnhof, the present-day Berlin Hauptbahnhof. History The street was laid out in the 13th century and originally named ''Spandauer Heerweg''. It was renamed after a hostel erected in 1748 by the order of King Frederick II of Prussia, the ''Invalidenhaus'', which served the veterans that fought in the Silesian Wars. Today the remaining parts of this building house offices for the Federal Ministry of Economics. On western Invalidenstraße was the site of the notorious Moabit cell prison and large barracks of the Prussian Uhlans (''Uhlanenkaserne''). East-West border crossing After World War II Invalidenstraße was divided between East and West Berlin and the ''Sandkrugbrücke'' crossi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urania (Berlin)
Urania is a science centre and scientific society in Berlin, Germany. Urania was founded in Berlin in 1888, following an idea of Alexander von Humboldt, by and Wilhelm Foerster. Its aim is to communicate the most recent scientific findings to the broad public. With its 2000 members, Urania organises more than 1000 events per year, attracting about 130,000 visitors. Since its centenary in 1988, the society has awarded the ''Urania Medaille'' annually to individuals who have supported significantly the implementation of its aims. Recipients are Nobel laureates in natural science as well as social scientists, artists, and politicians. The Berlin International Film Festival The Berlin International Film Festival (german: Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin), usually called the Berlinale (), is a major international film festival held annually in Berlin, Germany. Founded in 1951 and originally run in June, the festi ... uses the centre's 866-seat theatre to host film premieres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troy Weight
Troy weight is a system of Physical unit, units of mass that originated in 15th-century England, and is primarily used in the precious metals industry. The troy weight units are the Grain (unit), grain, the pennyweight (24 grains), the troy ounce (20 pennyweights), and the troy pound (12 troy ounces). The troy grain is equal to the grain unit of the Avoirdupois, avoirdupois system, but the troy ounce is heavier than the avoirdupois ounce, and the troy pound is lighter than the avoirdupois pound. One troy ounce (oz t) equals exactly 31.1034768 grams. Etymology Troy weight probably takes its name from the French market town of Troyes where English merchants traded at least as early as the early 9th century. The name ''troy'' is first attested in 1390, describing the weight of a platter, in an account of the travels in Europe of the Henry IV of England#Relationship with Richard II, Earl of Derby. Charles Moore Watson (1844–1916) proposes an alternative etymology: ''The Assize o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silver
Silver is a chemical element with the Symbol (chemistry), symbol Ag (from the Latin ', derived from the Proto-Indo-European wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂erǵ-, ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form ("native silver"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper, gold, lead, and zinc Refining (metallurgy), refining. Silver has long been valued as a precious metal. Silver metal is used in many bullion coins, sometimes bimetallism, alongside gold: while it is more abundant than gold, it is much less abundant as a native metal. Its purity is typically measured on a per-mille basis; a 94%-pure alloy is described as "0.940 fine". As one of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark (1871)
The German mark (german: Goldmark ; sign: ℳ) was the currency of the German Empire, which spanned from 1871 to 1918. The mark was paired with the minor unit of the pfennig (₰); 100 pfennigs were equivalent to 1 mark. The mark was on the gold standard from 1871–1914, but like most nations during World War I, the German Empire removed the gold backing in August 1914, and gold and silver coins ceased to circulate. After the fall of the Empire due to the November Revolution of 1918, the mark was succeeded by the Weimar Republic's mark, derisively referred to as the Papiermark ("Paper mark") due to hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic from 1918–1923. History The introduction of the German mark in 1873 was the culmination of decades-long efforts to unify the various currencies used by the German Confederation.pp 205-218 https://books.google.com/books?id=GrJCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA205#v=onepage&q&f=false The Zollverein unified in 1838 the Prussian and South German currenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
