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BMW 3 Series (F30)
The sixth generation of the BMW 3 Series consists of the BMW F30 (sedan version), BMW F31 (wagon version, marketed as 'Touring') and BMW F34 (fastback version, marketed as 'Gran Turismo') compact executive cars. The F30/F31/F34 generation was produced from October 2011 to 2019 and is often collectively referred to as the F30. For the sixth generation, the coupé and convertible models were spun off to create the new BMW 4 Series nameplate. BMW also introduced a separate hatchback model under the 3 Series nameplate called the 3 Series Gran Turismo (F34), similar to the 5 Series Gran Turismo. The F30 is the first generation of the 3 Series to be powered by a range of turbocharged engines exclusively and electric power steering (replacing the hydraulic power steering systems used previously). The F30 also marked the 3 Series' first use of a three-cylinder engine in its 2015 facelift. A new plug-in hybrid F30 model was also introduced in 2016. A long-wheelbase sedan version (m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regensburg
Regensburg (historically known in English as Ratisbon) is a city in eastern Bavaria, at the confluence of the rivers Danube, Naab and Regen (river), Regen, Danube's northernmost point. It is the capital of the Upper Palatinate subregion of the state. With more than 150,000 inhabitants, Regensburg is the List of cities in Bavaria by population, fourth-largest city in the State of Bavaria after Munich, Nuremberg and Augsburg and the eighth-largest of all List of cities and towns on the river Danube, cities on the river Danube. From its foundation as an imperial Roman river fort, the city has been the political, economic and cultural centre of the surrounding region. Later, under the rule of the Holy Roman Empire, it housed the Perpetual Diet of Regensburg. The medieval centre of the city was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2006 because of its well-preserved architecture, being the biggest medieval city site north of the Alps, and the city's historical importance for assembli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6th Of October City
6th of October ( ; ) is a city in the Giza Governorate of Egypt. It is a satellite city, located adjacent to Giza, and is part of the Greater Cairo region."To Catch Cairo Overflow, 2 Megacities Rise in Sand" article by Thanassis Cambanis in ''The New York Times'' August 24, 2010. Retrieved August 25, 2010. The city served as the capital of the now-defunct 6th of October Governorate, 6th of October Governorate, which was dissolved in 2011. Established as a new city in the desert, it hosts many local students, as well as foreign students from the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Persian Gulf Arab states, Jordan, Nigeria, Cameroon, Syria, Iraq and Palestine. History The settlement was established in 1979 by the 504th presidential decree of President of Egypt, Egyp ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrol Engine
A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American and Canadian English) is an internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as '' E10'' and '' E85''). They may be designed to run on petrol with a higher octane rating, as sold at petrol stations. Most petrol engines use spark ignition, unlike diesel engines which run on diesel fuel and typically use compression ignition. Another key difference to diesel engines is that petrol engines typically have a lower compression ratio. History The first practical petrol engine was built in 1876 in Germany by Nicolaus August Otto and Eugen Langen, although there had been earlier attempts by Étienne Lenoir in 1860, Siegfried Marcus in 1864 and George Brayton in 1873. Design Thermodynamic cycle Most petrol engines use either the four-stroke Otto cycle or the two-stroke cycle. Petrol engines have also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
XDrive
BMW xDrive is the marketing name for the all-wheel drive system found on various BMW models since 2003. The system uses an electronically actuated clutch-pack differential to vary the torque between the front and rear axles. Models with the DPC torque vectoring system also have a planetary gearset to overdrive an axle or rear wheel as required. Prior to the introduction of xDrive, all-wheel drive was available on several models since 1985, based on an all-wheel drive system that uses viscous couplings. Predecessor The first BMWs available with all-wheel drive were the 1985-1992 E30 325iX and 1991-1996 E34 525iX models. These cars use centre and rear differentials with viscous couplings to vary the torque split between wheels. The centre differential has a default front:rear torque split of 37:63, due to the planetary gear. Up to 80% of the torque can be transferred to the tripping axle, using the increasing shear force of the silicone fluid in the viscous coupling (due to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Front-engine, All-wheel-drive
In automotive design, an F4, or front-engine, four-wheel drive (4WD) layout places the internal combustion engine at the front of the vehicle and drives all four roadwheels. This layout is typically chosen for better control on many surfaces, and is an important part of rally racing, as well as off-road driving. In terms of racing purposes, whether it be on-road or off-road, can be described as follows, A team that pursues the Weak LS4WD architecture will minimize the development cost of the front-wheel drive system at the expense of having a larger rear powertrain. The Weak architecture produces a vehicle with a large powersplit between the front and rear powertrains, while the Strong architecture recommends a vehicle with more similar power and torque requirements for the front and rear. Most four-wheel-drive layouts are front-engined and are derivatives of earlier front-engine, rear-wheel drive, or front-engine, front-wheel drive designs. The first origins of it were intr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Front-engine, Rear-wheel-drive
A front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout (FR), also called Système Panhard is a powertrain layout with an engine in front and rear-wheel-drive, connected via a drive shaft. This arrangement, with the engine straddling the front axle, was the traditional automobile layout for most of the pre-1950s automotive mechanical projects. It is also used in trucks, pickups, and high-floor buses and school buses. Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout A front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout (FMR) places the engine in the front half of the vehicle but ''behind'' the front axle, which likewise drives the rear wheels via a driveshaft. Shifting the engine's center of mass rearward aids in front/rear weight distribution and reduces the moment of inertia, both of which improve a vehicle's handling. FMR cars are often characterized by a long hood and front wheels that are pushed forward to the corners of the vehicle, close to the front bumper. 2+2-style grand tourers often have FMR l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMW 2 Series (F22)
The first generation of the coupé and convertible range of the BMW 2 Series Compact executive car, subcompact executive car consists of the BMW 2 Series (F22) for the coupé version and BMW 2 Series (F23) for the convertible version. The F22/F23 was in production from November 2013 through 2021 and is often collectively referred to as the F22. The F22 was released as the successor to the BMW 1 Series (E87)#2-door coupe (E82), E82 1 Series coupé and BMW 1 Series (E87)#2-door convertible (E88), E88 1 Series convertible. It is currently produced in Leipzig, previously alongside the BMW 1 Series (F20), F20 1 Series hatchback range. The high-performance BMW_M2#First generation (F87; 2015–2021), F87 M2 model was produced in the coupe body style. It is powered by the BMW N55 and BMW S55 turbocharged inline-six engines. The United States was the most popular market for the 2 Series, accounting for one-third of all sales, followed by Germany and Great Britain. Development and lau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMW 4 Series (F32)
The first generation of the BMW 4 Series consists of the BMW F32 (coupé version), BMW F33 (convertible version) and BMW F36 (five-door liftback version, marketed as 'Gran Coupé') compact executive cars. The F32/F33/F36 was produced from 2013 to 2020 and is often collectively referred to as the F32. The F32 was introduced as the successor to the E92/E93 coupé/convertible models of the fifth-generation 3 Series range. The F32 is produced alongside - and shares many features with - the F30 3 Series. As with the F30 3 Series range, the F32/F33/F36 is powered by turbocharged petrol and diesel engines with three cylinders (petrol only), four cylinders, and six cylinders. The high performance F82/F83 M4 models were introduced in early 2014. They are powered by the S55 turbocharged straight-six engine. Development and launch Official details of the "Concept 4 Series" were released in December 2012, detailing the intention to replace the E92 3 Series coupé with a new 4 Series ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMW 1 Series (F20)
The second generation of the BMW 1 Series consists of the BMW F20 (5-door hatchback) and BMW F21 (3-door hatchback) subcompact cars. The F20/F21 generation was produced by BMW from 2011 to 2019 and is often collectively referred to as the F20. For the second generation of 1 Series, the coupé and convertible models marketed separately using the new BMW 2 Series nameplate. The F20/F21 was initially powered by Straight-four engine, inline-four petrol, inline-four diesel and Straight-six engine, inline-six petrol engines. In 2015, Straight-three engine, inline-three petrol and diesel engines were added to the model range. All engines are turbocharger, turbocharged. Unlike most hatchback competitors, the F20/F21 uses a rear-wheel drive (rather than front-wheel drive) for most models. The F20/F21 is the first 1 Series to offer an optional all-wheel drive (called "xDrive" by BMW). In July 2019, the BMW 1 Series (F40) began production as the successor to the F20. Equipment Availa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fastback
A fastback is an automotive styling feature, defined by the rear of the car having a single slope from the roof to the tail. The kammback is not a fastback design with a roofline that tapers downward toward the car's rear before being cut off abruptly. Some models, such as the Ford Mustang, have been marketed explicitly as fastbacks, often to differentiate them from other body styles (e.g. coupé models) in the same model range. Definition A fastback is often defined as having a single slope from the roof to the rear of the vehicle. Traditionally a fastback will have a trunk opening that is separate from the rear window which remains in a fixed position. The term "fastback" is not interchangeable with "liftback"; the former describes the car's shape, and the latter refers to a roof-hinged tailgate that lifts upwards for storage area access. More specifically, the '' Road & Track Illustrated Automotive Dictionary'' defines the fastback as A closed body style, usually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Station Wagon
A station wagon (American English, US, also wagon) or estate car (British English, UK, also estate) is an automotive Car body style, body-style variant of a Sedan (automobile), sedan with its roof extended rearward over a shared passenger/cargo volume with access at the back via a third or fifth door (the liftgate, or Trunk (automobile)#Tailgate, tailgate), instead of a trunk/boot lid. The body style transforms a standard Three-box styling, three-box design into a Three-box styling#One-box and Two-Box design, two-box design—to include an Pillar (car), A, B, and C-pillar, as well as a D-pillar. Station wagons can flexibly reconfigure their interior volume via fold-down rear seats to prioritize either passenger or cargo volume. The ''American Heritage Dictionary'' defines a station wagon as "an automobile with one or more rows of folding or removable seats behind the driver and no luggage compartment but an area behind the seats into which suitcases, parcels, etc., can be loaded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sedan (automobile)
A sedan (American English) or saloon (British English) is a passenger car in a three-box configuration with separate compartments for an engine, passengers, and cargo. The first recorded use of ''sedan'' in reference to an automobile body occurred in 1912. The name derives from the 17th-century litter known as a sedan chair, a one-person enclosed box with windows and carried by porters. Variations of the sedan style include the close-coupled sedan, club sedan, convertible sedan, fastback sedan, hardtop sedan, notchback sedan, and sedanet. Definition A sedan () is a car with a closed body (i.e., a fixed metal roof) with the engine, passengers, and cargo in separate compartments. This broad definition does not differentiate sedans from various other car body styles. Still, in practice, the typical characteristics of sedans are: * a B-pillar (between the front and rear windows) that supports the roof; * two rows of seats; * a three-box design with the engine at the front and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
