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Augustin Hacquard
Augustin Prosper Hacquard (18 September 1860 – 4 April 1901) was a French missionary who became Apostolic Vicar of Sahara and Sudan in 1898. After several years in Algeria, including a short period as head of the Armed Brothers of the Sahara, he was appointed to the French Sudan, the newly acquired territories along the Niger River to the east of Senegal, where he established several mission stations. The missionaries founded several villages, where they settled former slaves. Early years (1860–84) Augustin Prosper Hacquard was born on 18 September 1860 in Albestroff, Moselle, France. He attended primary school, then in 1873 entered the minor seminary of Pont-à-Mousson, and in 1877 went on to the major seminary of Nancy. On 27 June 1878 he decided to seek admission to the White Fathers novitiate at Maison-Carrée in Algiers. His parents would not give their permission, but he left anyway and embarked from Marseille for Algiers on 1 September 1878. At the Maison-Carrée t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization.O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biskra
Biskra ( ar, بسكرة ; ; Latin Vescera) is the capital city of Biskra Province, Algeria. In 2007, its population was recorded as 307,987. Biskra is located in northeastern Algeria, about 248 miles (400 km) from Algiers, 71 miles (115 km) southwest of Batna and 137 miles (222 km) north of Touggourt. It is nicknamed "The Queen of the Zibans", "The Door of the Desert" or "The Saharan Nice" because of its location at the beginning of the Sahara Desert. Due to its geographical location, its climate and natural resources, particularly farming, Biskra has always been a hub and a crossroad between the cities in the north and south. It has seen the passage of several civilizations, from the Romans and the Arabs to the French. In 1844, Biskra became a French garrison, which saw fighting during rebellions in 1849 and 1871. Currently the city of Biskra has 28 neighborhoods, including the three principal neighborhoods of, Korra, City 60 Logements, and Equipment Zones. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dakar
Dakar ( ; ; wo, Ndakaaru) (from daqaar ''tamarind''), is the capital and largest city of Senegal. The city of Dakar proper has a population of 1,030,594, whereas the population of the Dakar metropolitan area is estimated at 3.94 million in 2021. The area around Dakar was settled in the 15th century. The Portuguese established a presence on the island of Gorée off the coast of Cap-Vert and used it as a base for the Atlantic slave trade. France took over the island in 1677. Following the abolition of the slave trade and French annexation of the mainland area in the 19th century, Dakar grew into a major regional port and a major city of the French colonial empire. In 1902, Dakar replaced Saint-Louis as the capital of French West Africa. From 1959 to 1960, Dakar was the capital of the short-lived Mali Federation. In 1960, it became the capital of the independent Republic of Senegal. History The Cap-Vert peninsula was settled no later than the 15th century, by the Lebu peop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatole-Joseph Toulotte
Anatole-Joseph Toulotte (7 January 1852 – 23 January 1907) was a French White Fathers missionary who was Vicar Apostolic of Sahara and Sudan from 1893 to 1897. Under his leadership the first White Fathers missions were established in the French Sudan (Mali) at Ségou and Timbuktu. A solitary, ascetic person, he was not a natural leader and drove himself too hard without regard for his health. He retired in 1897 due to physical and mental exhaustion after a long trip in West Africa. He is known as coauthor of a monumental history of Christian Africa in ancient times. Life Early years (1852–74) Anatole-Joseph Toulotte was born on 7 January 1852 in Lisbourg, Pas-de-Calais, in the diocese of Arras. He attended the college of Montreuil, Pas-de-Calais, for his secondary education. He entered the Grand Seminary of Arras in 1871. He was inspired by a visit of Father Félix Charmetant( fr) and decided to become a missionary. He arrived in Algiers in February 1873 with his co-student Lé ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timbuktu
Timbuktu ( ; french: Tombouctou; Koyra Chiini: ); tmh, label=Tuareg, script=Tfng, ⵜⵏⴱⴾⵜ, Tin Buqt a city in Mali, situated north of the Niger River. The town is the capital of the Tombouctou Region, one of the eight administrative regions of Mali and one town of Songhai people. It had a population of 54,453 in the 2009 census. Timbuktu began as a seasonal settlement and became a permanent settlement early in the 12th century. After a shift in trading routes, particularly after the visit by Mansa Musa around 1325, Timbuktu flourished from the trade in salt, gold, ivory and slaves. It gradually expanded as an important Islamic city on the Saharan trade route and attracted many scholars and traders. It became part of the Mali Empire early in the 14th century. In the first half of the 15th century, the Tuareg people took control of the city for a short period until the expanding Songhai Empire absorbed the city in 1468. A Moroccan army defeated the Songhai in 159 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caravane Soudan 1894
Caravane is the brand name of a camel milk cheese produced in Mauritania by Tiviski, a company founded by Nancy Abeiderrhamane in 1987. The milk used to make the cheese is collected from the local animals of a thousand nomadic herdsmen, is very difficult to produce, and yields a product that is low in lactose. As Mauritanians do not generally eat cheese, and the European Commission has not yet fully implemented policies designed for dromedary milk products, Caravane is difficult to find in Europe. Its availability is largely limited to Nouakchott shops and restaurants, and as an export to neighboring Senegal. It can now be purchased in select stores in New York. See also * Camel § Dairy * List of cheeses This is a list of cheeses by place of origin. Cheese is a milk-based food that is produced in wide-ranging flavors, textures, and forms. Hundreds of types of cheese from various countries are produced. Their styles, textures and flavors depe ... References * Exte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lake Menghough
Lake Menghough was an intermittent lake in the southeast of Algeria. It is described in the account of the first Flatters expedition, which reached the lake in April 1880. Other European visitors found the lake dry or filled depending on rainfall. Location The lake was to the east of the Tassili n'Ajjer. The lake is from Ghat, Libya. The Flatters expedition came to it when travelling southeast along the well-wooded Irhararer valley (Oued i-n-Karaha?) to the point where it joined the Tijoujelt valley, not far from Tajenout. At this point, the surplus waters of the Tijoujelt during the rainy season empty into lake Menghough. Lake Menghough is located on the northern shore of the Wadi of the same name. The sheet of water is enclosed in a sort of circle surrounded by high dunes beside the Wadi Tidjoudjelt, an affluent of the Wadi Igharghar. Flatters expedition The first Flatters expedition left Biskra early in February 1880 and travelled south by Touggourt, Ouargla, Aïn-el-Taïba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Touggourt
Touggourt ( ar, ﺗﻗﺮت or تڤرت; ber, ⵜⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ, Tugurt, lit=the gateway or 'the gate') is a city and commune, former sultanate and capital of Touggourt District, in Touggourt Province, Algeria, built next to an oasis in the Sahara. As of the 2008 census, the commune had a population of 39,409 people, up from 32,940 in 1998, and an annual growth rate of 1.8%. Touggourt's urban area includes the communes of Nezla, Tebesbest and Zaouia El Abidia, for a total population of 146,108. Touggourt is notable for its date trees. It was formerly surrounded by a moat, which the French filled up. Bradt Travel Guides describe it as "largely a modern town of block architecture" and "largely unattractive. The centre is quiet most of the day due to the heat but is more active at night when people take to the streets." History In 1414 the Sultanate of Tuggert was founded in southern Algeria. The known Sultans (and one female ruler) were: *Ali II *Mabruk (Mubarak) *Ali III ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Temps (Paris)
''Le Temps'' (, ''The Times'') was one of Paris's most important daily newspapers from 25 April 1861 to 30 November 1942. It was a serious paper of record. Founded in 1861 by Edmund Chojecki (writing under the pen name "Charles Edmond") and Auguste Nefftzer, ''Le Temps'' was under Nefftzer's direction for ten years, when took his place, and for nearly 45 years directed the newspaper with an iron hand until his death in 1914. He was succeeded by his sons Émile (1914), and Adrien Jr. (1925) and by Louis Mills (1929). Soon after Mills' death in 1931, ''Le Temps'' became a public limited company. Adrien Hébrard and his successors left substantial freedom to the editorial room and the newspaper had the reputation of keeping its journalists for a long time. ''Le Temps'' always remained moderate politically. The early issues of the newspaper reflected Nefftzer's liberal philosophy and had considerable trouble achieving readership. He frequently had to turn to friends in Alsace who w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoine Bernard D'Attanoux
Antoine Bernard d'Attanoux (18 March 1853 – December 1954) was a French soldier, journalist and explorer. After leaving the army he spent several years in Morocco as correspondent for the newspaper ''Le Temps''. He is known for a mission he undertook in 1893–94 to contact the Ajjer Tuaregs in the south of Algeria. Early years Antoine-Casimir-Joseph Bernard was born on 18 March 1853 in Aix-en-Provence. His parents were Charles-Jean-Baptiste Bernard and Amélie Coulomb. He was descended from Joseph-Ignace d'Attanoux, lord of Roquebrune in 1696. He attended the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr from 1872 to 1873. He was appointed sub-lieutenant in the 2nd Light Infantry Battalion (''chasseurs à pied''). He attended the École Normale de Tir, graduating with 2nd prize in 1875. He was made a lieutenant in the 3rd regiment of Algerian ''Tirailleurs'' in 1878. He left the army on 18 September 1880. On 4 December 1880 Antoine Bernard and his father added "d'Attanoux" to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaston Méry (explorer)
Gaston Méry (1844 – 18 October 1896) was a French explorer. He was born in Algeria, son of one of the early settlers. After serving as a sailor and in the army, he assisted in surveys in Tunisia, then undertook three major expeditions into the Sahara in southern Algeria. He established friendly contact with the Tuareg people of the Kel Ajjer confederation, at the time considered unfriendly to the French, and mapped part of the route for a projected trans-Sahara railway to link Algeria to the Sudan. In the last years of his life he became a prosperous trader and real estate developer in Timbuktu. Early years (1843–75) Gaston Méry was born in 1843 in Dély Ibrahim, Algiers, Algeria. His family originated in Toulouse. He left home at the age of 16, went to sea and travelled to many parts of the world. When aged 21 he joined the Algerian ''tirailleurs''. He advanced quickly through the lower ranks, and distinguished himself in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. When he left the ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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