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Lake Menghough
Lake Menghough was an intermittent lake in the southeast of Algeria. It is described in the account of the first Flatters expedition, which reached the lake in April 1880. Other European visitors found the lake dry or filled depending on rainfall. Location The lake was to the east of the Tassili n'Ajjer. The lake is from Ghat, Libya. The Flatters expedition came to it when travelling southeast along the well-wooded Irhararer valley (Oued i-n-Karaha?) to the point where it joined the Tijoujelt valley, not far from Tajenout. At this point, the surplus waters of the Tijoujelt during the rainy season empty into lake Menghough. Lake Menghough is located on the northern shore of the Wadi of the same name. The sheet of water is enclosed in a sort of circle surrounded by high dunes beside the Wadi Tidjoudjelt, an affluent of the Wadi Igharghar. Flatters expedition The first Flatters expedition left Biskra early in February 1880 and travelled south by Touggourt, Ouargla, Aïn-el-Taïba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Brosselard-Faidherbe
Henri Brosselard-Faidherbe (1855–1893) was a French military officer and explorer. Biography Henri François Brosselard was born on 3 June 1855. On 30 October 1883 he married Mathilde-Marie Faidherbe, the daughter of General Louis Faidherbe. He was permitted to attach the surname of his father-in-law to his own. Brosselard was a member of the first expedition of Colonel Paul Flatters to explore a possible route for a Trans-Saharan railway. Later he wrote a book on this and the second expedition, which ended in disaster. He died on 19 August 1893 in Coutances, Manche at the age of 38. Works *''Les deux missions du Colonel Flatters en Afrique : récit historique et critique par un membre de la première mission'', Paris, Dreyfous, 1884 *''Rapport sur la situation dans la vallée du Sénégal en 1886 : insurrection de Mahmadou-Lamine'', 1888 *''La Guinée portugaise et les possessions françaises voisines'', Lille, 1889, 116 p. *''Les deux missions Flatters au pays des Touareg Az ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flatters Expedition
Paul Flatters (16 September 1832 – 16 February 1881) was a French soldier who spent a long period as a military administrator in Algeria. He is known as leader of the Flatters expedition, an ill-fated attempt to explore the route of a proposed Trans-Saharan railway from Algeria to the Sudan. Almost all members of the expedition were massacred by hostile Tuaregs. The survivors resorted to eating grass and to cannibalism on the long retreat through the desert. After a brief outburst of public indignation the fiasco was forgotten. Background and early years (1832–53) Paul-François-Xavier Flatters was the son of Jean-Jacques Flatters (1786–1845) and Émilie-Dircée Lebon. His father came from Westphalia to Paris to study sculpture and painting. He was a student of Jean-Antoine Houdon and Jacques-Louis David, and was second in the Prix de Rome for sculpture in 1813. He served in the French army from February to July 1814 at the close of the First French Empire. During the Bourb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tassili N'Ajjer
Tassili n'Ajjer ( Berber: ''Tassili n Ajjer'', ar, طاسيلي ناجر; "Plateau of rivers") is a national park in the Sahara desert, located on a vast plateau in southeastern Algeria. Having one of the most important groupings of prehistoric cave art in the world, and covering an area of more than , Tassili n'Ajjer was inducted into the UNESCO World Heritage Site list in 1982 by Gonde Hontigifa. Geography Tassili n'Ajjer is a plateau in southeastern Algeria at the borders of Libya, Niger, and Mali, covering an area of 72,000 km2. It ranges from east-south-east to . Its highest point is the Adrar Afao that peaks at , located at . The nearest town is Djanet, situated approximately southwest of Tassili n'Ajjer. The archaeological site has been designated a national park, a Biosphere Reserve (cypresses) and was inducted into the UNESCO World Heritage Site list as Tassili n'Ajjer National Park. The plateau is of great geological and aesthetic interest. Its panorama of g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghat, Libya
Ghat ( ar, غات) is the capital of the Ghat District in the Fezzan region of southwestern Libya, located just east of the Algerian border. History In historical times, Ghat was an important terminal point on a trans-Saharan trade route and a major administrative center in the Fezzan. It was a stronghold for the Kel Ajjer Tuareg federation whose territory covered most of south-western Libya—including Ubari, Sabha and Ghadames, plus south-eastern Algeria (Djanet and Illizi). From the 5th century BC to the 5th century AD, the Fezzan was home to the Garamantian Empire, a city state which operated the Trans-Saharan trade routes between the Carthaginians—and later the Roman Empire—and the Sahelian states of West and Central Africa. During the 13th and 14th century, portions of the Fezzan were part of the Kanem Empire, while the Ottoman rulers of North Africa asserted their control over the region in the 17th century. Ghat and its inhabitants were described in great ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biskra
Biskra ( ar, بسكرة ; ; Latin Vescera) is the capital city of Biskra Province, Algeria. In 2007, its population was recorded as 307,987. Biskra is located in northeastern Algeria, about 248 miles (400 km) from Algiers, 71 miles (115 km) southwest of Batna and 137 miles (222 km) north of Touggourt. It is nicknamed "The Queen of the Zibans", "The Door of the Desert" or "The Saharan Nice" because of its location at the beginning of the Sahara Desert. Due to its geographical location, its climate and natural resources, particularly farming, Biskra has always been a hub and a crossroad between the cities in the north and south. It has seen the passage of several civilizations, from the Romans and the Arabs to the French. In 1844, Biskra became a French garrison, which saw fighting during rebellions in 1849 and 1871. Currently the city of Biskra has 28 neighborhoods, including the three principal neighborhoods of, Korra, City 60 Logements, and Equipment Zones. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Touggourt
Touggourt ( ar, ﺗﻗﺮت or تڤرت; ber, ⵜⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ, Tugurt, lit=the gateway or 'the gate') is a city and commune, former sultanate and capital of Touggourt District, in Touggourt Province, Algeria, built next to an oasis in the Sahara. As of the 2008 census, the commune had a population of 39,409 people, up from 32,940 in 1998, and an annual growth rate of 1.8%. Touggourt's urban area includes the communes of Nezla, Tebesbest and Zaouia El Abidia, for a total population of 146,108. Touggourt is notable for its date trees. It was formerly surrounded by a moat, which the French filled up. Bradt Travel Guides describe it as "largely a modern town of block architecture" and "largely unattractive. The centre is quiet most of the day due to the heat but is more active at night when people take to the streets." History In 1414 the Sultanate of Tuggert was founded in southern Algeria. The known Sultans (and one female ruler) were: *Ali II *Mabruk (Mubarak) *Ali III ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ouargla
Ouargla ( Berber: Wargrən, ar, ورقلة) is the capital city of Ouargla Province in the Sahara Desert in southern Algeria. It has a flourishing petroleum industry and hosts one of Algeria's universities, the University of Ouargla. The commune of Ouargla had a population of 133,024 in the 2008 census, up from 112,339 in 1998, and an annual population growth rate of 1.7%. However, including the commune of Rouissat, found in Ouargla's urban area, gives a total population of 191,136. Historical Ouargla According to Ibn Khaldun the town was founded by Banu Wargla who, accompanied by sections of the Maghrawa and Banu Ifran, left the Tlemcen region and founded Ouargla. These Berbers of Ouarghla then embraced Ibadi doctrines, which later made the town an attractive refuge for the citizens of Tahert. In the 11th century, Banu Hilal, an Arab tribe living between Nile and Red Sea, settled in Tunisia, Tripolitania (western Libya) and Constantinois (eastern Algeria) which was Ouargla p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clarias Lazera
''Clarias gariepinus'' or African sharptooth catfish is a species of catfish of the family Clariidae, the airbreathing catfishes. Distribution They are found throughout Africa and the Middle East, and live in freshwater lakes, rivers, and swamps, as well as human-made habitats, such as oxidation ponds or even urban sewage systems. The African sharptooth catfish was introduced all over the world in the early 1980s for aquaculture purposes, so is found in countries far outside its natural habitat, such as Brazil, Vietnam, Indonesia, and India. Description The African sharptooth catfish is a large, eel-like fish, usually of dark gray or black coloration on the back, fading to a white belly. In Africa, this catfish has been reported as being second in size only to the vundu of the Zambesian waters, References External links Reproduction of African catfish [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaston Méry (explorer)
Gaston Méry (1844 – 18 October 1896) was a French explorer. He was born in Algeria, son of one of the early settlers. After serving as a sailor and in the army, he assisted in surveys in Tunisia, then undertook three major expeditions into the Sahara in southern Algeria. He established friendly contact with the Tuareg people of the Kel Ajjer confederation, at the time considered unfriendly to the French, and mapped part of the route for a projected trans-Sahara railway to link Algeria to the Sudan. In the last years of his life he became a prosperous trader and real estate developer in Timbuktu. Early years (1843–75) Gaston Méry was born in 1843 in Dély Ibrahim, Algiers, Algeria. His family originated in Toulouse. He left home at the age of 16, went to sea and travelled to many parts of the world. When aged 21 he joined the Algerian ''tirailleurs''. He advanced quickly through the lower ranks, and distinguished himself in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. When he left the ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kel Ajjer
Kel Ajjer (also Kel Azjar, Kel Azjer) is a Tuareg confederation inhabiting western Libya and eastern Algeria. Their main stronghold was Ghat, followed by Ubari. The Kel Ajjer speak Tamahaq, or Northern Tuareg. See also *Azjar **Kel Adagh **Kel Ahaggar **Kel Ayr **Kel Gres **Aulliminden The Iwellemmedan (''Iwəlləmədǎn''), also spelled Iullemmeden, Aulliminden, Ouilliminden, Lullemmeden, and Iwellemmeden, are one of the seven major Tuareg tribal or clan confederations (called "''Drum groups''"). Their communities are histori ...: Kel Ataram (west) and Kel Dinnik (east) References Maghreb Sahara Society of Algeria Society of Libya Tuareg confederations {{Africa-ethno-group-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoine Bernard D'Attanoux
Antoine Bernard d'Attanoux (18 March 1853 – December 1954) was a French soldier, journalist and explorer. After leaving the army he spent several years in Morocco as correspondent for the newspaper ''Le Temps''. He is known for a mission he undertook in 1893–94 to contact the Ajjer Tuaregs in the south of Algeria. Early years Antoine-Casimir-Joseph Bernard was born on 18 March 1853 in Aix-en-Provence. His parents were Charles-Jean-Baptiste Bernard and Amélie Coulomb. He was descended from Joseph-Ignace d'Attanoux, lord of Roquebrune in 1696. He attended the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr from 1872 to 1873. He was appointed sub-lieutenant in the 2nd Light Infantry Battalion (''chasseurs à pied''). He attended the École Normale de Tir, graduating with 2nd prize in 1875. He was made a lieutenant in the 3rd regiment of Algerian ''Tirailleurs'' in 1878. He left the army on 18 September 1880. On 4 December 1880 Antoine Bernard and his father added "d'Attanoux" to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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