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Areal Linguistics
Geolinguistics has been identified by some as being a branch of linguistics and by others as being an offshoot of language geography which is further defined in terms of being a branch of human geography. When seen as a branch of linguistics, geolinguistics may be viewed from more than one linguistic perspective, something with research implications. One academic tradition with regard to geolinguistics as a branch of linguistics gives open recognition to the role map-making can play in linguistic research by seeing the terms ''dialect geography'', ''language geography'', and ''linguistic geography'' as being synonymous with ''geolinguistics''. This identification of geolinguistics with linguistic map-making appears across a range of languages, including Chinese, French, Japanese, Russian and Spanish. In German, in addition to an identification of geolinguistics with the terms ''Sprachgeographie'' (language geography) and ''Dialektgeographie'' (dialect geography), the term ''Arealling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguistics is concerned with both the cognitive and social aspects of language. It is considered a scientific field as well as an academic discipline; it has been classified as a social science, natural science, cognitive science,Thagard, PaulCognitive Science, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). or part of the humanities. Traditional areas of linguistic analysis correspond to phenomena found in human linguistic systems, such as syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences); semantics (meaning); morphology (structure of words); phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures in sign languages); phonology (the abstract sound system of a particular language); and pragmatics (how social con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Geography
Language geography is the branch of human geography that studies the geographic distribution of language(s) or its constituent elements. Linguistic geography can also refer to studies of how people talk about the landscape. For example, toponymy is the study of place names. Landscape ethnoecology, also known as ethnophysiography, is the study of landscape ontologies and how they are expressed in language. There are two principal fields of study within the geography of language: #''geography of languages'', which deals with the distribution through history and space of languages, and/or is concerned with 'the analysis of the distribution patterns and spatial structures of languages in contact'. # ''geolinguistics'' being, when used as a sub-discipline of geography, the study of the 'political, economic and cultural processes that affect the status and distribution of languages'. When perceived as a sub-discipline of linguistics that incorporates contact linguistics, one definition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Geography
Human geography or anthropogeography is the branch of geography that studies spatial relationships between human communities, cultures, economies, and their interactions with the environment. It analyzes spatial interdependencies between social interactions and the environment through qualitative and quantitative research methods. History Geography was not recognized as a formal academic discipline until the 18th century, although many scholars had undertaken geographical scholarship for much longer, particularly through cartography. The Royal Geographical Society was founded in England in 1830, although the United Kingdom did not get its first full Chair of geography until 1917. The first real geographical intellect to emerge in the United Kingdom was Halford John Mackinder, appointed reader at Oxford University in 1887. The National Geographic Society was founded in the United States in 1888 and began publication of the ''National Geographic'' magazine which became, and con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The American Society Of Geolinguistics
The American Society of Geolinguistics is the oldest organization devoted exclusively to research in the field of geolinguistics with the definition given by the Society to the term geolinguistics, currently being: "An academic discipline involving the analysis and implications of the geographical location, distribution and structure of language varieties within a temporal framework, either in isolation or in contact and/or conflict with one another, being originally conceived of by Mario Pei as being a branch of linguistics which would be used to do objective-oriented research on real-life language issues and where interdisciplinary approaches would be acceptable." Mission The Society's slogan is "Geolinguistics for the Americas and elsewhere". The mission statement of the Society states that "The mission of the Society is to gather and disseminate up-to-date knowledge concerning the world`s present-day languages, dialects, and other language varieties in the context of their dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geolinguistic Organizations
Geolinguistic organizations may be divided into academic associations, research institutes, and academic journals. Academic associations The two oldest associations for individuals interested in geolinguistics both date to 1965 and are "Amici Linguarum" (language friends) and The American Society of Geolinguistics. Other important academic associations are the Asian Geolinguistic Society of Japan and The International Society for Dialectology and Geolinguistics. Amici Linguarum The "''Amici Linguarum''" was founded in Sweden in 1965 by a Swedish linguist and polyglot, Erik V. Gunnemark, with the aim to propagate interest in languages, linguistics, and traditional European culture through a network of polyglots and people sharing interest in foreign languages. After E. Gunnemark's death in 2007, the activities of the association temporarily ceased. The revived association began editing a journal (''Chasok/The Hour/La Horita/L'heure'') in 2010 and organising linguistic meetings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecolinguistics
Ecolinguistics, or ecological linguistics, emerged in the 1990s as a new paradigm of linguistic research, widening sociolinguistics to take into account not only the social context in which language is embedded, but also the wider ecological context, including other species and the physical environment. Michael Halliday's 1990 speech ''New ways of Meaning: the challenge to applied linguistics'' is often credited as a work which provided the stimulus for linguists to consider the ecological context and consequences of language. Among other things, the challenge that Halliday put forward was to make linguistics relevant to overarching contemporary issues, particularly the widespread destruction of ecosystems. The main example Halliday gave was that of "economic growth", describing how "countless texts repeated daily all around the world contain a simple message: growth is good. Many is better than few, more is better than less, big is better than small, grow is better than shrink", ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sprachbund
A sprachbund (, lit. "language federation"), also known as a linguistic area, area of linguistic convergence, or diffusion area, is a group of languages that share areal features resulting from geographical proximity and language contact. The languages may be genetically unrelated, or only distantly related, but the sprachbund characteristics might give a false appearance of relatedness. A grouping of languages that share features can only be defined as a sprachbund if the features are shared for some reason other than the genetic history of the languages. Because of this, attempts to classify some language families without knowledge about the history of the languages can lead to misclassification as sprachbunds and similarly some sprachbunds are incorrectly classified as language families. History In a 1904 paper, Jan Baudouin de Courtenay emphasised the need to distinguish between language similarities arising from a genetic relationship (''rodstvo'') and those arising from co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branches Of Linguistics
The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to linguistics: Linguistics is the scientific study of natural language. Someone who engages in this study is called a linguist. Linguistics can be theoretical or applied. Branches of linguistics Subfields of linguistics * General linguistics ** Syntax - the property of grammar that governs sentence structure ** Semantics - the study of meaning as encoded in grammar ** Lexis - the complete set of words in a language ** Morphology - the property of sound and meaning dynamics in language ** Pragmatics - the study of how context contributes to meaning * Theoretical linguistics - the study of language as an abstract object ** Generative linguistics - an approach which seeks to ground grammar in a specialized language module ** Formalism (linguistics) - the theory of language as a formal system with mathematical-logical rules and a formal grammar ** Functional linguistics - language as used and coming from use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
