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Arca Totok Kerot
Arca Totok Kerot or Recå Thothokkerot IPA: ətʃɔ ʈɔʈɔʔ kərɔtis a statue (Jav. ''arcå'' or ''recå'' means "statue") located in Bulusari Village, Pagu District, Kediri Regency, Indonesia; about 2 kilometers north-east of Simpang Lima Gumul. It is made of andesite stone, depicting a giant with a terrifying face. The style is that of a dvarapala. Based on the style, it is suggested that it was made in the 10th century. Physical features The face and other ornaments also suggest that it is a representation of a female ''butå''. This is unusual since most dvarapala statues show male characteristics. Arca Totok Kerot is 3 meters tall. The hair is matted, covering the upper part of the back. A kind of tiara with a glimpse of skull is seen above the forehead covering the ears. The eyes are protruding, creating a terrifying effect, as if it were angry. Like many other dvarapala statues, it kneels on one knee. The left knee touches the ground while the right knee is erected, on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kediri Regency
Kediri Regency is a regency (''kabupaten'') located in East Java province, Indonesia. It is one of two ' Daerah Tingkat II' that has the name 'Kediri' (The other is the City of Kediri). It covers an area of 1,523.92 km2 and had a population of 1,499,768 as of the 2010 census and 1,635,294 at the 2020 census, comprising 825,867 males and 809,427 females. The capital of the regency is at the town of Ngasem, near to the border of Kediri city, just about 200 m. However, several regency government establishments are also located within Kediri city, administratively a distinct political entity. This is because both the regency and the city share common cultural and historical roots, and the administrative division occurred only after the War of Independence. The regency shares borders with Jombang Regency to the north, Malang Regency to the east, Blitar Regency and Tulungagung Regency to the south, and Nganjuk Regency to the west, while Kediri city is wholly surrounded within th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andesite
Andesite () is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between silica-poor basalt and silica-rich rhyolite. It is fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic in texture, and is composed predominantly of sodium-rich plagioclase plus pyroxene or hornblende. Andesite is the extrusive equivalent of plutonic diorite. Characteristic of subduction zones, andesite represents the dominant rock type in island arcs. The average composition of the continental crust is andesitic. Along with basalts, andesites are a component of the Martian crust. The name ''andesite'' is derived from the Andes mountain range, where this rock type is found in abundance. It was first applied by Christian Leopold von Buch in 1826. Description Andesite is an aphanitic (fine-grained) igneous rock that is intermediate in its content of silica and low in alkali metals. It has less than 20% quartz and 10% feldspathoid by volume, with at least 65% of the fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dvarapala
A Dvarapala or Dvarapalaka (Sanskrit, "door guard"; IAST: ' ) is a door or gate guardian often portrayed as a warrior or fearsome giant, usually armed with a weapon - the most common being the ''gada'' (mace). The dvarapala statue is a widespread architectural element throughout Hindu, Buddhist and Jaina cultures, as well as in areas influenced by them like Java. Names In most Southeast Asian languages (including Thai, Burmese, Vietnamese, Khmer and Javanese), these protective figures are referred to as ''dvarapala''. Sanskrit ''dvāra'' means "gate" or "door", and ''pāla'' means "guard" or "protector". The related name in Indonesian and Malaysia is ''dwarapala''. Equivalent door guardians in northern Asian languages are ''Kongōrikishi'' or ''Niō'' in Japanese, ''Heng Ha Er Jiang'' in Chinese, and ''Narayeongeumgang'' in Korean. Origin and forms Dvarapalas as an architectural feature have their origin in tutelary deities, like Yaksha and warrior figures, such as A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durga
Durga ( sa, दुर्गा, ) is a major Hindu goddess, worshipped as a principal aspect of the mother goddess Mahadevi. She is associated with protection, strength, motherhood, destruction, and wars. Durga's legend centres around combating evils and demonic forces that threaten peace, prosperity, and dharma, representing the power of good over evil. Durga is believed to unleash her divine wrath against the wicked for the liberation of the oppressed, and entails destruction to empower creation. Durga is seen as a motherly figure and often depicted as a beautiful woman, riding a lion or tiger, with many arms each carrying a weapon and often defeating demons. She is widely worshipped by the followers of the goddess-centric sect, Shaktism, and has importance in other denominations like Shaivism and Vaishnavism. The most important texts of Shaktism, Devi Mahatmya, and Devi Bhagavata Purana, revere Devi (the Goddess) as the primordial creator of the universe and the Brah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shiva
Shiva (; sa, शिव, lit=The Auspicious One, Śiva ), also known as Mahadeva (; ɐɦaːd̪eːʋɐ, or Hara, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. He is the Supreme Being in Shaivism, one of the major traditions within Hinduism. Shiva is known as "The Destroyer" within the Trimurti, the Hindu trinity which also includes Brahma and Vishnu. In the Shaivite tradition, Shiva is the Supreme Lord who creates, protects and transforms the universe. In the goddess-oriented Shakta tradition, the Supreme Goddess ( Devi) is regarded as the energy and creative power (Shakti) and the equal complementary partner of Shiva. Shiva is one of the five equivalent deities in Panchayatana puja of the Smarta tradition of Hinduism. Shiva has many aspects, benevolent as well as fearsome. In benevolent aspects, he is depicted as an omniscient Yogi who lives an ascetic life on Mount Kailash as well as a householder with his wife Parvati and his three children, Ganesha, Kartikeya and A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calon Arang
Calon Arang is a character in Javanese and Balinese folklore dating from the 12th century. Tradition calls her a witch, a master of black magic. It is unknown who composed the story, but a manuscript of the Calon Arang text (written in the Latin alphabet) is kept in the Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies. Story In the village of Girah in the Kediri Kingdom long ago, in what is now Indonesia, lived a very cruel widow named Calon Arang, a witch and a black magician. She had a beautiful daughter named Ratna Manggali. But because of her ruthless nature, the people of Girah are afraid of Calon Arang, and so, Ratna Manggali had no suitors. Knowing this, Calon Arang became furious, holding all of the people in the village responsible. She decided to place a curse on Girah, and performed a dark ceremony in the cemetery by offering the sacrifice of a young girl to the Goddess Durga. Durga came down and granted the request of Calon Arang and the curse came ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jayabaya
Jayabhaya or Jayabaya ( Javanese spelled: Ratu Jayabaya) was the Javanese King of the Kediri Kingdom in East Java, Indonesia which ruled around 1135-1159 CE. With the title of ''abhiseka'' used is Sri Maharaja Sang Mapanji Jayabhaya Sri Warmeswara Madhusudana Awataranindita Suhtrisingha Parakrama Uttunggadewa. The reign of King Jayabhaya is considered the heyday of the Kediri Kingdom. King Jayabaya is credited with reunification of the Kediri kingdom following a split due to the death of his predecessor Airlangga. King Jayabaya was known for his just and prosperous rule, and reputed to have been an incarnation of the Hindu deity Vishnu. King Jayabaya epitomized the archetypal Ratu Adil: the just king reborn in the dark age of suffering ''"Jaman Edan"'' (Madness Era) to restore the ''Jaman Raharja'': social justice, order, and harmony in the world, as Javanese believed in a cyclical history of alternating prosperity epochs of (''Jaman Raharja'') followed an era of suffering ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Totok Kerot
Totok Kerot, Thothok Kerot, or Thothokkêrot is a female character in folk tales, spread among people in the surrounding areas of Kediri. There are several different tales concerning her, but the common features are that she has ugly face, with appearance like ''butâ'' (Jav. "giant" or "ogre"). Local tradition connects the character with a statue, commonly called Rêcâ Thothokkêrot, found in Kediri Regency. Some tales connect Thothokkerot to the legend of Calon Arang. Others have no connection whatsoever to the legend. Some tales about her is related here. Thothokkerot and Princess Limaran Thotokkerot was an ugly ogress. She longed the love of Raden Putra of Kediri. She loved to make up her face in order to charm the prince. Every day, she came to a pond to use the water's surface as a mirror. One day, she was astounded to find that the face she saw in the water was extremely beautiful. Unable to believe her own eyes, she took an earthen bucket of water and looked at her r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candi Of Indonesia
A candi () is a Hindu or Buddhist temple in Indonesia, mostly built during the ''Zaman Hindu-Buddha'' or " Hindu-Buddhist period" between circa the 4th and 15th centuries. The ''Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia'' defines a ''candi'' as an ancient stone building used for worship, or for storing the ashes of cremated Hindu or Buddhist kings and priests. Indonesian archaeologists describe ''candis'' as sacred structures of Hindu and Buddhist heritage, used for religious rituals and ceremonies in Indonesia. However, ancient secular structures such as gates, urban ruins, pools and bathing places are often called ''candi'' too, while a shrine that specifically serves as a tomb is called a ''cungkup''. In Hindu Balinese architecture, the term ''candi'' refers to a stone or brick structure of single-celled shrine with portico, entrance and stairs, topped with pyramidal roof and located within a ''pura''. It is often modeled after East Javanese temples, and functions as a shrine to a certain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balai Pustaka
Balai Pustaka (; also spelled Balai Poestaka, both meaning "Bureau of Literature") is the state-owned publisher of Indonesia and publisher of major pieces of Indonesian literature such as ''Salah Asuhan'', ''Sitti Nurbaya'' and '' Layar Terkembang''. Its head office is in Jakarta. Founded in 1917 as the ''Kantoor voor de Volkslectuur'', Balai Pustaka was used by the Dutch colonial government as a means to control native Indonesians' access to information. After changing hands twice during the Indonesian war of independence, Balai Pustaka formally fell under the ownership of the Indonesian government. History On 14 September 1908 the Dutch colonial government established the Commission for People's Education and Reading ( nl, Commissie voor de Inlandsche School en Volkslectuur), later shortened to the Commission for People's Reading ( nl, Commissie voor de Volkslectuur). Along with the foundation of Boedi Oetomo, it served to bring formal education to native Indonesians. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asian Art
The history of Asian art includes a vast range of arts from various cultures, regions, and religions across the continent of Asia. The major regions of Asia include Central, East, South, Southeast, and West Asia. Central Asian art primarily consists of works by the Turkic peoples of the Eurasian Steppe, while East Asian art includes works from China, Japan, and Korea. South Asian art encompasses the arts of the Indian subcontinent, with Southeast Asian art including the arts of Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Singapore, Indonesia, and the Philippines. West Asian art encompasses the arts of the Near East, including the ancient art of Mesopotamia, and more recently becoming dominated by Islamic art. In many ways, the history of art in Asia parallels the development of Western art. The art histories of Asia and Europe are greatly intertwined, with Asian art greatly influencing European art, and vice versa; the cultures mixed through methods such as the Silk Road transmission of art, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kediri (city)
Kediri (, ''Kutha Kadhiri'') is an Indonesian city, located near the Brantas River in the province of East Java on the island of Java. It covers an area of 63.40 km2 and had a population of 268,950 at the 2010 Census and 286,796 at the 2020 Census. It is one of two ' Daerah Tingkat II' that have the name 'Kediri' (the other is the Regency of Kediri, which surrounds the city). The city is administratively separated from the Regency, of which it was formerly the capital. Archaeological artefacts discovered in 2007 appeared to indicate that the region around Kediri may have been the location of the Kediri Kingdom, a Hindu kingdom in the 11th century. The city is a major trade centre for the Indonesian sugar and cigarette industry. Kediri is the second largest city by economy in East Java, after Surabaya, with a 2016 estimated GDP at Rp76.95 trillion. History Traditionally, the city of Kediri is said to have been founded on 27 July 879, and today the city's anniversary is c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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