Arabella Lawrence
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Arabella Lawrence
Arabella Lawrence (1787–1873) was an English educator, one of the Lawrence sisters, General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches, Unitarians who ran a noted school at Gatacre, Gateacre. She is now known as a tutor for Ada Lovelace in the period 1830–2. Background The Lawrences were a Birmingham family, in the congregation of the Old Meeting House there that was burned down in the Priestley riots. Nathaniel Lawrence, the father, went bankrupt at the beginning of the French Revolutionary Wars. The daughters of the family sought work as governesses, with the idea of eventually founding a family school. In a family of eleven children, Nathaniel and Mary Lawrence had nine daughters and two sons, with two of the daughters and the younger son dying young. Eliza, the eldest child, married in 1810, the only daughter to do so, and died the following year. Frances died in 1816. In 1820, the surviving daughters were, in order of age, Sarah, Mary, Arabella, Jane and Harriet. ...
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General Assembly Of Unitarian And Free Christian Churches
The General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches (GAUFCC or colloquially British Unitarians) is the umbrella organisation for Unitarian, Free Christians, and other liberal religious congregations in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was formed in 1928, with denominational roots going back to the Great Ejection of 1662. Its headquarters is Essex Hall in central London, on the site of the first avowedly Unitarian chapel in England, set up in 1774. The GAUFCC brought together various strands and traditions besides Unitarianism, including English Presbyterianism, General Baptist, Methodism, Liberal Christianity, Christian Universalism, Religious Humanism, and Unitarian Universalism. Unitarians are now an open-faith community celebrating diverse beliefs; some of its members would describe themselves as Buddhists, Pagans, or Jewish, while many others are humanists, agnostics, or atheists. History Early Modern Britain Christopher Hill states that ideas such as ...
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Maria Amalia Of Naples And Sicily
Maria Amalia Teresa of Naples and Sicily (26 April 1782 â€“ 24 March 1866) was List of French royal consorts, Queen of the French by marriage to Louis Philippe I, King of the French. She was the last queen of France. Among her grandchildren were the monarchs Leopold II of Belgium, Carlota of Mexico, Empress Carlota of Mexico, with whom Maria Amalia regularly corresponded while she was in Second Mexican Empire, Mexico, Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, and Mercedes of Orléans, Queen Mercedes of Spain . Early years Maria Amalia was born on 26 April 1782 at the Caserta Palace just outside Naples. She was the tenth of eighteen children of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and Maria Carolina of Austria. As a young Italian princess, she was educated in the Catholic tradition, which she appears to have taken to heart. Maria Carolina, like her mother, Maria Theresa,Dyson. C.C, ''The Life of Marie Amelie Last Queen of the French, 1782–1866'', BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008, p. 50. made an effort ...
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Ealing Common
Ealing Common is a large open space (approx ) in Ealing, West London. Boundaries The Ealing Common Area is bounded by Ealing Town Centre to the west, North Ealing and Hanger Hill to the north, Acton to the east and South Ealing and South Acton to the south. The Ealing Common open space is bounded by Gunnersbury Ave ( A406) to the east and the Uxbridge Road to the north. A smaller area of the common extends to the east of Gunnersbury Ave, including Leopold Road. The western boundary includes The Common and Warwick Dene, with Elm Avenue to the south. Some distance to the south is also the much larger Gunnersbury Park. Ownership The Ealing Common open space is a common land as designated by the 1866 Metropolitan Commons Act. History In August 1733 a cricket match was played on the common between Ealing & Acton and London Cricket Club. p. 8. Flora Ealing Common preserves a large area of open space with fine avenues of horse chestnut trees, most of which were planted in ...
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Ethel Colburn Mayne
Ethel Colburn Mayne (7 January 1865 – 30 April 1941) was an Irish novelist, short-story writer, biographer, literary critic, journalist and translator. Life She was born in Johnstown in County Kilkenny in 1865, to Charlotte Emily Henrietta Mayne (née Sweetman) and Charles Edward Bolton Mayne. The family was originally from Monaghan. Her father was a member (from 1858) of the Royal Irish Constabulary. Her mother's father Captain William Sweetman was in the 16th Lancers. The family moved to Kinsale in County Cork and then to Cork, where her father was appointed a resident magistrate to the city. She attended private schools in Ireland. Mayne's first published work came when in 1895, aged 30, she submitted a short story to the recently established literary periodical '' The Yellow Book''. The editor Henry Harland accepted it, writing her an effusive letter, and the story, "A Pen-and-ink Effect", appeared in July 1895 in Volume 6 of the periodical, under the pen name Frances ...
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Jane Porter
Jane Porter (3 December 1775 – 24 May 1850) was an English historical novelist, dramatist and literary figure. Her bestselling novels, ''Thaddeus of Warsaw'' (1803) and ''The Scottish Chiefs'' (1810) are seen as among the earliest historical novels in a modern style and among the first to become bestsellers. They were abridged and remained popular among children well into the twentieth century. Life Jane Porter was born in Durham, England, the third of five children of the Irishman William Porter and Jane (''née'' Blenkinsop) of Durham. Tall and beautiful as she grew up, young Jane Porter's grave air earned her the nickname ''Il Penseroso'', after John Milton's poem. After her father's death, Jane's family moved to Edinburgh, where she studied at a charity school under the schoolmaster George Fulton. Her family was acquainted with Sir Walter Scott. After stints in Durham and Ireland, the Porter family moved to London in the 1790s, where the sisters entered a circle of famous ...
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William King (physician)
William King (17 April 1786 – 19 October 1865) was a British physician and philanthropist from Brighton. He is best known as an early supporter of the co-operative movement through the paper he founded, ''The Co-operator''. William King was the son of Rev. John King, a master at Ipswich School, and Elizabeth Sarah (née Bishop). One brother, John, was a writer of legal books, and another, Richard Henry was a naval officer who served under Philip Broke – a former pupil at Ipswich School – during the capture of USS Chesapeake. King was born in Lower Brooke Street, Ipswich, Suffolk, but the family subsequently moved nearby to Witnesham when his father retired to the rectory there in 1798. He was educated at Westminster School in London, and then Peterhouse at the University of Cambridge where he obtained a BA and MA. He subsequently studied at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London and then in France in both Paris and Montpellier before returning to Peterhouse where in 1819 ...
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Sophia Frend
Sophia Elizabeth De Morgan (née Frend; 10 November 1809–5 January 1892) was an English spiritualist writer and activist. Early life She was the eldest child of William Frend and his wife Sarah Blackburne. Her upbringing in London was unusual, her father taking her everywhere with him from a young age, and instructing her in philosophy and Hebrew. George Dyer was a friend of the family, as was Charles Lamb who wrote Sophia an acrostic poem based on her name. In 1820 the family moved from Blackfriars to Stoke Newington. Anna Letitia Barbauld, in her mid-70s, was a neighbour of the Frends, and Sophia at age 11 took part in some of her taxing games. Ada Lovelace In 1828 Sophia began tutoring Ada Lovelace. Lady Byron, Ada's mother, took advice on her daughter's education from William Frend, and Ada was tutored also by William King and Arabella Lawrence, from about 1830. Sophia had to overcome reservations about Ada, whom she didn't like. The Frends moved back to central London†...
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Measles
Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by measles virus. Symptoms usually develop 10–12 days after exposure to an infected person and last 7–10 days. Initial symptoms typically include fever, often greater than , cough, runny nose, and inflamed eyes. Small white spots known as Koplik's spots may form inside the mouth two or three days after the start of symptoms. A red, flat rash which usually starts on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body typically begins three to five days after the start of symptoms. Common complications include diarrhea (in 8% of cases), middle ear infection (7%), and pneumonia (6%). These occur in part due to measles-induced immunosuppression. Less commonly seizures, blindness, or inflammation of the brain may occur. Other names include ''morbilli'', ''rubeola'', ''red measles'', and ''English measles''. Both rubella, also known as ''German measles'', and roseola are different diseases caused by unrelated viruses. Mea ...
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Mortlake
Mortlake is a suburban district of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames on the south bank of the River Thames between Kew and Barnes. Historically it was part of Surrey and until 1965 was in the Municipal Borough of Barnes. For many centuries it had village status and extended far to the south, to include East Sheen and part of what is now Richmond Park. Its Stuart and Georgian history was economically one of malting, brewing, farming, watermen and the Mortlake Tapestry Works (1617–1704), Britain's most important producer. A London landmark, the former Mortlake Brewery or Stag Brewery, is on the edge of Mortlake. The Waterloo to Reading railway line runs through Mortlake, which has a pedestrianised riverside, two riverside pubs and a village green. The Boat Race finishes at Mortlake every March/April. Governance The area lies within the Mortlake and Barnes Common ward of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. In the 2018 local elections two Conservatives and one ...
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Ealing
Ealing () is a district in West London, England, west of Charing Cross in the London Borough of Ealing. Ealing is the administrative centre of the borough and is identified as a major metropolitan centre in the London Plan. Ealing was historically in the county of Middlesex. Until the urban expansion of London in the late 19th century and early 20th centuries, it was a rural village. Improvement in communications with London, culminating with the opening of the railway station in 1838, shifted the local economy to market garden supply and eventually to suburban development. By 1902 Ealing had become known as the "Queen of the Suburbs" due to its greenery, and because it was halfway between city and country. As part of the growth of London in the 20th century, Ealing significantly expanded and increased in population. It became a municipal borough in 1901 and part of Greater London in 1965. It is now a significant commercial and retail centre with a developed night-time econom ...
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Hofwil
Hofwil is a village in the canton of Bern, Switzerland, part of the municipality of Münchenbuchsee. The village of Hofwil was originally part of the lands owned by the Münchenbuchsee Commandery, a medieval commandery of the Knights Hospitaller in nearby Münchenbuchsee. After the commandery was suppressed during the Protestant Reformation, Hofwil was owned by a number of nobles. In 1719 Hieronymus von Erlach combined the village with Moosseedorf. Hofwil Castle was built in 1784-86 by the architect Carl Ahasver von Sinner for Gabriel Albrecht von Erlach. A peristyle was added to the neo-classical building in 1798. The Hofwil Institution was built by Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg, a Bernese patrician. He took over the estate of Hofwyl in 1799 from his father and transformed it into several schools to educate all levels of society. He established a school for the poor, a secondary school for local students and an institute for the sons of wealthy families throughout Europe.
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Philipp Emanuel Von Fellenberg
Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg (27 June 1771 – 21 November 1844) was a Swiss educationalist and agronomist. Biography He was born at Bern. His father was of patrician family, and a man of importance in his canton, and his mother was a granddaughter of the Dutch admiral Van Tromp. From his mother and from Gottlieb Konrad Pfeffel, the blind poet of Colmar, he received a better education than falls to the lot of most boys, while the intimacy of his father with Pestalozzi gave to his mind that bent which it afterwards followed. In 1790 he entered the University of Tübingen, where he distinguished himself by his rapid progress in legal studies. On account of his health he afterwards undertook a walking tour in Switzerland and the adjoining portions of France, Swabia and Tirol, visiting the hamlets and farmhouses, mingling in the labors and occupations of the peasants and mechanics, and partaking of their rude fare and lodging. After the downfall of Robespierre, he went to Paris a ...
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