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Amarna Letter EA 365
Amarna letter EA 365, titled ''Furnishing Corvée Workers,'' is a squarish, mostly flat clay tablet, but thick enough (pillow-shaped), to contain text that continues toward the right margin, the right side of the obverse side, and also to the right side of the reverse side of the tablet. The text is continuous, such that a final line (line 31) is needed, and is written on a final available edge of the tablet – thus text is found upon 5 sections — ''Obverse, Bottom Edge, Reverse, Top Edge,'' and ''Side''. Letter EA 365 is authored by Biridiya of Megiddo and is written to the Pharaoh of Egypt (in the 14th century BC, Egypt referred to as Mizri/Miṣri). The letter's subject is the harvesting of crops by corvée (forced) labor men/women. The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are mid 14th century BC, about 1360 BC and 35? years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter Mp3h8878
Amarna (; ar, العمارنة, al-ʿamārnah) is an extensive Egyptian archaeological site containing the remains of what was the capital city of the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The city was established in 1346 BC, built at the direction of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, and abandoned shortly after his death in 1332 BC. The name that the ancient Egyptians used for the city is transliterated in English as Akhetaten or Akhetaton, meaning " the horizon of the Aten".David (1998), p. 125 The site is on the east bank of the Nile River, in what today is the Egyptian province of Minya. It is about south of the city of al-Minya, south of the Egyptian capital, Cairo, and north of Luxor (site of the previous capital, Thebes). The city of Deir Mawas lies directly to its west. On the east side of Amarna there are several modern villages, the chief of which are l-Till in the north and el-Hagg Qandil in the south. Activity in the region flourished from the Amarna Period until the later Roman e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1360 BC
The 1360s BC is a decade which lasted from 1369 BC to 1360 BC. Events and trends * Significant people * 1368 BC—Death of Erichthonius, mythical King of Dardania. * 1366 BC—Birth of Princess Tadukhipa to Tusratta, King of Mitanni and his Queen Juni. She will be later married to Amenhotep III and after his death to his son and heir Amenhotep IV Akhenaton. She is variously identified with Akhenaton's Queens Nefertiti and Kiya. * 1365 BC—Ashur-uballit I rises to the throne on Assyria. *c. 1365 BC—The Citadel of Tiryns, Greece, is built. * 1362 BC—Birth of the later Pharaoh Amenhotep IV Akhenaton to Amenhotep III and his Queen Tiy Tiye (c. 1398 BC – 1338 BC, also spelled Tye, Taia, Tiy and Tiyi) was the daughter of Yuya and Thuya. She became the Great Royal Wife of the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III. She was the mother of Akhenaten and grandmother of Tutankhamun. In .... References {{BC-year-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LÚ (man Sumerogram)
The cuneiform sign LÚ () is the sign used for "man"; its complement is the symbol for woman: '' šal'' (). Cuneiform ''LÚ'', (or ''lú'' as rendered in some texts) is found as a Sumerogram in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh''. It also has a common usage in the 1350 BC Amarna letters as the Sumerogram for "man". In the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', ''LÚ'' is only used as the Sumerogram, ''LÚ''-(58 times). Both ''lú'', for "man", and ''šal'' for "woman" are also considered as determinatives. In the Amarna letters' Rainey's glossary (Rainey 1970) which is the glossary for Akkadian language words, Sumerograms, etc., for Amarna letters EA 359–379, uses for both ''LÚ'' and ''lú'' are recorded. For the Amarna letters in Rainey's glossary, "LÚ" as the Sumerogram becomes Akkadian ''amēlu'', for "man". Two styles of "LÚ" sign The digitized version of the ''LÚ'' sign (Parpola 1971) is a member of the "3-horizontals" section (listed sign nos. 326-349 in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', Parpo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Me (cuneiform)
The cuneiform me sign is a common multi-use sign of the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', the 1350 BC Amarna letters, and other cuneiform texts. It also has a sumerogrammic usage for ME in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh''. Because of its extensive syllabic multi-use (in the Epic of Gilgamesh), its grammatical usage would be as follows: all the syllabic usages possible, but for alphabetic usage, as follows; for consonants, it could be used for "m", "s", "š", "b", and "p". (''b'' and ''p'' are interchangeable, and ''s'' can also be substituted for ''š'', and vice versa for all four). For the vowel ''e'' ( or ''ì'', ''i'' ), all the four vowels, ''a, e, i,'' and ''u'', can also be interchanged in the formation of words. ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' usage In the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', Tablets I-XII, ''"me"'' is used for the following meanings by the following numbers: me-(98) times, mì-(9), sip-(1), šeb-(3), šep-(1), šib-(12), šip-(2), and ME-(5) times.Parpola, 1971. ''The Standard Babylonian Ep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mur (cuneiform)
— (Right part of sign) — (Left part of sign) ---- Mur (cuneiform), and Har (cuneiform), most common uses in Epic of Gilgamesh; also Hur (cuneiform) ---- The cuneiform sign mur, (also the har, hur, hír sign), is a common-use sign of the Amarna letters, the ''Epic of Gilgamesh,'' and other cuneiform texts (for example Hittite texts). Linguistically, it has the alphabetical usage, for consonants in texts for ''h'', ''r'', or ''m'', and also a replacement for the four vowels of ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', or ''u''. The sign can also be used syllabically for the ''h-r'' variants, or for ''mur'' (used especially for Akkadian amāru, for "to see"), and an example letter of the Amarna letters being Amarna letter EA 289. ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' usage The ''mur'' sign usage in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' is as follows: (''har'', 40 times, ''hír'', 1 time, ''hur'', 18 times, and mur, 27 times. And for the logogram HUR, 2 times. Jerusalem scribe usage, EA 287, EA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A (cuneiform)
The cuneiform sign 𒀀 ( DIŠ, DIŠ OVER DIŠ) for a, and in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' the sumerogram A, Akkadian for ''mû'', "water", which is used in the ''Gilgamesh flood myth'', Chapter XI of the Epic, or other passages. The sign is also used extensively in the Amarna letters. Cuneiform ''a'' is the most common of the four vowels in the Akkadian language, ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', and ''u''. All vowels can be interchangeable, depending on the scribe, though spellings of Akkadian words in dictionaries, will be formalized, and typically: unstressed, a 'long-vowel', or thirdly, a 'combined' vowel (often spelled with two signs (same vowel, ending the first sign, and starting the next sign), thus combined into the single vowel, ''â'', ''ê'', ''î'', or ''û''.). Cuneiform ''a'' is the most common of the four vowels, as can be shown by usage in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', the usage numbers being (ú (u, no. 2) is more common than u, (no. 1), which has additional usages, numera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
U (cuneiform)
The cuneiform U sign is found in both the 14th century BC Amarna letters and the ''Epic of Gilgamesh''. It can be used for the alphabetic ''u'', instead of the more common 2nd u, (ú). It has two other uses, commonly. It can be used for the number 10 (especially the Amarna letters from Tushratta of Mitanni, or Burna-Buriash II the king of Babylon), but its probable greater use is for the conjunction, ''u'', with any of the conjunction meanings: ''and'', ''but'', ''else'', etc. Of the three u's, by graphemic analysis (Buccellati, 1979), the commonness is as follows: :Ù (cuneiform), conjunction only (but also rare, for alphabetic "u") :ú (cuneiform), alphabetic 'u' :u (cuneiform), alphabetic (minor), 10, conjunction (highest use) Both Ù (cuneiform) and ú are in the top 25 most used signs, but E (cuneiform) and "u (cuneiform)" are not; other vowels (or combination) in the 25 are: a (cuneiform), i (cuneiform), and ia (cuneiform), (which has a secondary use as suffix, ''" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter Mp3h8879
Amarna (; ar, العمارنة, al-ʿamārnah) is an extensive Egyptian archaeological site containing the remains of what was the capital city of the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The city was established in 1346 BC, built at the direction of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, and abandoned shortly after his death in 1332 BC. The name that the ancient Egyptians used for the city is transliterated in English as Akhetaten or Akhetaton, meaning " the horizon of the Aten".David (1998), p. 125 The site is on the east bank of the Nile River, in what today is the Egyptian province of Minya. It is about south of the city of al-Minya, south of the Egyptian capital, Cairo, and north of Luxor (site of the previous capital, Thebes). The city of Deir Mawas lies directly to its west. On the east side of Amarna there are several modern villages, the chief of which are l-Till in the north and el-Hagg Qandil in the south. Activity in the region flourished from the Amarna Period until the later Roman e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glossenkeil (Amarna Letters)
The Glossenkeil (Amarna letters), is a form of the common glossenkeil— used in the history of cuneiform texts. It is also named ''a winkelhaken;'' however the distinct "U" character in cuneiform–-(for the winkelhaken), has multiple uses (see u (cuneiform)), and winkelhakens are composed of the single "u", or a doubled version, one "u" above a second "u". The ''glossenkeil (Amarna letters)''– is a fore shortened version of the vertical diš (cuneiform)–, and is inscribed at a 45 degree angle. Because the scribe's stylus is being used at an angle, (almost any corner of a stylus end could be used); if a scribe had two styli, of differing sizes, and both ends shaped for inscribing, that automatically implies at least four types of stylus tip impressions that could be made (from the two, double-ended styli). As an example of the stroke of a stylus, the Jerusalem scribe, in EA 287, has created a 4–stroke ri (cuneiform) sign from the 5–stroke, " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Segue
A segue (; ) is a smooth transition from one topic or section to the next. The term is derived from Italian ''segue'', which literally means "follows". In music In music, ''segue'' is a direction to the performer. It means ''continue (the next section) without a pause''. The term attacca is used synonymously. For written music, it implies a transition from one section to the next without any break. In improvisation, it is often used for transitions created as a part of the performance, leading from one section to another. In live performance, a segue can occur during a jam session, where the improvisation of the end of one song progresses into a new song. Segues can even occur between groups of musicians during live performance. For example, as one band finishes its set, members of the following act replace members of the first band one by one, until a complete band swap occurs. In recorded music, a segue is a seamless transition between one song and another. The effect is oft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anson Rainey
Anson Frank Rainey (January 11, 1930 – February 19, 2011) was professor emeritus of ancient Near Eastern cultures and Semitic linguistics at Tel Aviv University. He is known in particular for contributions to the study of the Amarna tablets, the noted administrative letters from the period of Pharaoh Akhenaten's rule during the 18th Dynasty of Egypt.Rollston, C. (2011)Among the last of the titans: Aspects of Professor Anson Rainey's life and legacy (1930–2011)(February 20, 2011); retrieved May 22, 2017 He authored and edited books and articles on the cultures, languages and geography of the Biblical lands. Early life Anson Rainey was born in Dallas, Texas, in 1930. Upon the death of his father that same year, he was left with his maternal grandparents. He attended Brown Military Academy in San Diego, California, from 1943 to 1946. After one semester of study there – as a cadet battalion commander – he served as assistant commandant at Southern California Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Language
English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the island of Great Britain. Existing on a dialect continuum with Scots, and then closest related to the Low Saxon and Frisian languages, English is genealogically West Germanic. However, its vocabulary is also distinctively influenced by dialects of France (about 29% of Modern English words) and Latin (also about 29%), plus some grammar and a small amount of core vocabulary influenced by Old Norse (a North Germanic language). Speakers of English are called Anglophones. The earliest forms of English, collectively known as Old English, evolved from a group of West Germanic (Ingvaeonic) dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the 5th century and further mutated by Norse-speaking Viking settlers starting in the 8th and 9th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
