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Adjunct Professor
An adjunct professor is a type of academic appointment in higher education who does not work at the establishment full-time. The terms of this appointment and the job security of the tenure vary in different parts of the world, however the general definition is agreed upon. The term "Adjuncting" is a way of referring to a bona-fide part-time faculty member who has worked in an adjunct position for an institution of higher education. Terminology They may also be called an adjunct lecturer, adjunct instructor, or adjunct faculty. Collectively, they may be referred to as contingent academic labor. The rank of sessional lecturer in Canadian universities is similar to the US concept. North America In the United States, an adjunct is, in most cases, a non- tenure-track faculty member. However, it can also be a scholar or teacher whose primary employer is not the school or department with which they have adjunct status. Adjunct professors make up the majority of instructors in hig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Higher Education
Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education. It represents levels 6, 7 and 8 of the 2011 version of the International Standard Classification of Education structure. Tertiary education at a non-degree level is sometimes referred to as further education or continuing education as distinct from higher education. The right of access to higher education The right of access to higher education is mentioned in a number of international human rights instruments. The UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 declares, in Article 13, that "higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on the basis of capacity, by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education". In Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Academic Ranks
Academic rank (also scientific rank) is the rank of a scientist or teacher in a college, high school, university or research establishment. The academic ranks indicate relative importance and power of individuals in academia. The academic ranks are specific for each country, there is no worldwide-unified ranking system. Among the common ranks are professor, associate professor (docent), assistant professor and instructor. In most cases, the academic rank is automatically attached to a person at the time of employment in a position with the same name, and deprived when a working relation is expired. Therefore the term "academic rank" usually means the same as "position in academia". However in some countries the terms "position" and "academic rank" are not synonyms. So in modern Russia there exist the docent and professor ranks, whereas the set of positions in academia is broader. The academic rank is conferred only after the person has been successfully working in the docen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academic Ranks In Thailand
Academic ranks are the titles, relative importance and power of professors, researchers and administrative personnel held in academia. At higher education institutions in Thailand, teaching officers are generally called "lecturers" (อาจารย์ ''achan'') and are collectively called "teaching staff" (คณาจารย์ ''khanachan''), whilst administrative officers are generally called "administrators" (ผู้บริหาร ''phuborihan'') and are collectively called "administrative staff" (คณะผู้บริหาร ''khana phuborihan''). Careers of teaching staff at Thai universities generally start at the level of "lecturer". At this level, contracts may be permanent or temporary, or may impose a time-limit for progression to a higher rank (similarly to a US tenure-track position). In order to achieve higher academic ranks, staff must submit to evaluation both internally (at the level of their institution) and externally (by academics from oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doctor Of Philosophy
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is an earned research degree, those studying for a PhD are required to produce original research that expands the boundaries of knowledge, normally in the form of a dissertation, and defend their work before a panel of other experts in the field. The completion of a PhD is often a requirement for employment as a university professor, researcher, or scientist in many fields. Individuals who have earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree may, in many jurisdictions, use the title '' Doctor'' (often abbreviated "Dr" or "Dr.") with their name, although the proper etiquette associated with this usage may also be subject to the professional ethics of their own scholarly field, culture, or society. Those who teach at universities or work in academic, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academic Ranks In Australia
This article is about academic ranks in higher education in Australia and New Zealand. Both systems have derived from a common heritage in the British university system. Overview in Australia The system of academic titles and ranks in Australia is classified to a common five levels, A–E, although the titles of these levels may differ between institutions. These are: *Level A — Tutor/Associate Lecturer/Research Associate *Level B — Lecturer/Research Fellow *Level C — Senior Lecturer/Senior Research Fellow *Level D — Associate Professor *Level E — Professor. These levels correspond to salary levels set by the Australian government's Higher Education Academic Salaries Award (2002). There has been a significant increase in academics at level D and E (Associate professor and professor) in recent years. The number of academics at these levels increased by 70% from 1996 to 2008. In order to receive the title of Professor, the applicant must pass each university's minimum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bangladesh
Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the most densely populated countries in the world, and shares land borders with India to the west, north, and east, and Myanmar to the southeast; to the south it has a coastline along the Bay of Bengal. It is narrowly separated from Bhutan and Nepal by the Siliguri Corridor; and from China by the Indian state of Sikkim in the north. Dhaka, the capital and largest city, is the nation's political, financial and cultural centre. Chittagong, the second-largest city, is the busiest port on the Bay of Bengal. The official language is Bengali, one of the easternmost branches of the Indo-European language family. Bangladesh forms the sovereign part of the historic and ethnolinguistic region of Bengal, which was divided during the Partition of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Docent
The title of docent is conferred by some European universities to denote a specific academic appointment within a set structure of academic ranks at or below the full professor rank, similar to a British readership, a French " ''maître de conférences''" (MCF), and equal to or above the title of "associate professor". Docent is also used at some (mainly German) universities generically for a person who has the right to teach. The term is derived from the Latin word ''docēns'', which is the present active participle of ''docēre'' (to teach, to lecture). Becoming a docent is often referred to as Habilitation or doctor of science and is an academic qualification that shows that the holder is qualified to be employed at the level of associate or full professor. Docent is the highest academic title in several countries, and the qualifying criteria are research output that corresponds to 3-5 doctoral dissertations, supervision of PhD students, and experience in teaching at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finland
Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland across Estonia to the south. Finland covers an area of with a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city, forming a larger metropolitan area with the neighbouring cities of Espoo, Kauniainen, and Vantaa. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. Finnish, alongside Swedish, are the official languages. Swedish is the native language of 5.2% of the population. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to the boreal in the north. The land cover is primarily a boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes. Finland was first inhabited around 9000 BC after the Last Glacial Period. The Stone Age introduced several differe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academic Ranks In Hungary
Academic ranks in Hungary are the titles, relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia. Professorship The Hungarian higher education system distinguishes two types of institutions of higher education: ''egyetem'' (university) and ''főiskola'' (college). Therefore, the requirements and also the salaries for professorships differ. The official minimum requirements of appointment are regulated according to the CCIV. act of 2011 (National Higher Education Act). The regulations of certain universities, however, may require more than the minimum. Hierarchy of university professorships (top to bottom): # Egyetemi tanár, or professzor (university full professor): being nominated to the title of university profe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sessional Lecturer
Sessional lecturer or sessional instructor are contract faculty who hold full- or part-time teaching positions and may perform administrative duties but have no research responsibilities. Sessionals hold short-term contracts, typically running one or two academic terms; in many post-secondary institutions sessional contracts may be renewed repeatedly but by definition, they offer no legal expectation of ongoing work. Unlike members of other academic ranks (e.g., Assistant Professors and Full Professors), sessional lecturers are ineligible for tenure. It is an academic rank for a type of job common in Canadian and Australian universities and colleges. Although significant differences exist between the working conditions of sessional lecturers and professors, sessionals occupy a rank similar to that of adjunct professors in the United States. Historically, sessionals have been hired to address short-term teaching shortages and to replace tenure-stream faculty who are on leave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academic Ranks In Spain
Academic ranks in Spain are the titles, relative importance and authority of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia. Overview According to the Spanish Organic University Law, the following are the academic ranks in Spain: :National Royal Academies: ::*"Academico de Numero" ( Full Royal Academician with a numbered chair) (elected full academician in one of the National Academies, most of the academies are subject specific except for the Royal Academy of Doctors (Real Academia de Doctores) which is interdisciplinary. Appointments to the rank of numbered academician are published in the government gazette (BOE) and are for a lifetime. Numbered academicians enjoy the official style of "excellency" and are considered to be the maximum exponents of their disciplines. This is the highest academic rank that can be attained in Spain. There are fewer than a 1000 people who hold this title at any time.) ::*Academico Correspondiente" ( Corresponding Academician) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
