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Acidianus Infernus
''Acidianus infernus'' is a species of archaeon. It is aerobic, extremely acidophilic, thermophilic (hence its name) and sulfur-metabolizing Metabolism (, from el, μεταβολή ''metabolē'', "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. The three main functions of metabolism are: the conversion of the energy in food to energy available to run cell .... Its type strain is strain DSM 3191. References External links *LPSN Acidophiles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaea
Archaea ( ; singular archaeon ) is a domain of single-celled organisms. These microorganisms lack cell nuclei and are therefore prokaryotes. Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaebacteria kingdom), but this term has fallen out of use. Archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from the other two domains, Bacteria and Eukaryota. Archaea are further divided into multiple recognized phyla. Classification is difficult because most have not been isolated in a laboratory and have been detected only by their gene sequences in environmental samples. Archaea and bacteria are generally similar in size and shape, although a few archaea have very different shapes, such as the flat, square cells of ''Haloquadratum walsbyi''. Despite this morphological similarity to bacteria, archaea possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes, notably for the enzymes involved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermoproteota
The Thermoproteota (also known as crenarchaea) are archaea that have been classified as a phylum of the Archaea domain. Initially, the Thermoproteota were thought to be sulfur-dependent extremophiles but recent studies have identified characteristic Thermoproteota environmental rRNA indicating the organisms may be the most abundant archaea in the marine environment. Originally, they were separated from the other archaea based on rRNA sequences; other physiological features, such as lack of histones, have supported this division, although some crenarchaea were found to have histones. Until recently all cultured Thermoproteota had been thermophilic or hyperthermophilic organisms, some of which have the ability to grow at up to 113 °C. These organisms stain Gram negative and are morphologically diverse, having rod, cocci, filamentous and oddly-shaped cells. ''Sulfolobus'' One of the best characterized members of the Crenarcheota is ''Sulfolobus solfataricus''. This organism wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermoprotei
The Thermoprotei is a class of the Thermoproteota. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The ... (NCBI). References Further reading Scientific journals * * * * Scientific books * * Charles External links Archaea classes Thermoproteota {{Archaea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfolobales
In taxonomy, the Sulfolobales are an order of the Thermoprotei. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) DNA transfer Exposure of ''Sulfolobus solfataricus'' to the DNA damaging agents UV-irradiation, bleomycin or Mitomycins, mitomycin C induces cellular aggregation. Other physical stressors, such as pH or temperature shift, do not induce aggregation, suggesting that induction of aggregation is caused specifically by DNA damage. Ajon et al. showed that UV-induced cellular aggregation mediates chromosomal marker exchange with high frequency. Recombination rates exceeded those of uninduced cultures by up to three orders of magnitude. Frols et al. and Ajon et al. hypothesized that the UV-inducible DNA transfer process and subsequent homologous recombinational repair represents an important mechanism to maintain chromosome integrity. This r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfolobaceae
Sulfolobaceae are a family of the Sulfolobales belonging to the domain Archaea. The family consists of several genera adapted to survive environmental niches with extreme temperature and low pH conditions. Ecology ''Sulfolobaceae'' species are thermophiles, commonly found in hot springs, hydrothermal vents, mudpots, and volcanically active regions, with '' Sulfolobus'' genus found almost anywhere with volcanic activity. ''Sulfolobaceae'' are found in temperatures ranging from 40 to 95 °C. They are found in pH levels between 1 and 6 which makes specific species acidophiles. Certain species, like ''Metallosphaera prunae'', have been found living on smoldering waste material from mines by utilizing a lithoautotrophic metabolism. ''Sulfolobaceae'' are involved in biofilm formation. Analysis of biofilms produced by different species has shown very few regulating proteins in common between these species, thus indicating that multiple different regulatory mechanisms for biofil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acidianus
In taxonomy, ''Acidianus'' is a genus of the Sulfolobaceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Acidianus Data extracted from the See also * List of bacterial genera named after mythological figures Several bacterial species are named after Greek or Roman mythical figures. The rules present for List of bacterial genera named after personal names, species named after a famous person do not apply, although some names are changed in the female no ... References Further reading Scientific journals * * * * Scientific books * Scientific databases External links ''Acidianus'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Archaea genera Thermoproteota {{archaea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeon
Archaea ( ; singular archaeon ) is a domain of single-celled organisms. These microorganisms lack cell nuclei and are therefore prokaryotes. Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaebacteria kingdom), but this term has fallen out of use. Archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from the other two domains, Bacteria and Eukaryota. Archaea are further divided into multiple recognized phyla. Classification is difficult because most have not been isolated in a laboratory and have been detected only by their gene sequences in environmental samples. Archaea and bacteria are generally similar in size and shape, although a few archaea have very different shapes, such as the flat, square cells of ''Haloquadratum walsbyi''. Despite this morphological similarity to bacteria, archaea possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes, notably for the enzymes involved in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acidophilic
Acidophiles or acidophilic organisms are those that thrive under highly acidic conditions (usually at pH 5.0 or below). These organisms can be found in different branches of the tree of life, including Archaea, Bacteria,Becker, A.Types of Bacteria Living in Acidic pH" Retrieved 10 May 2017. and Eukarya. Examples A list of these organisms includes: Archaea :* Sulfolobales, an order in the Thermoproteota branch of Archaea :* Thermoplasmatales, an order in the Euryarchaeota branch of Archaea :* ARMAN, in the Euryarchaeota branch of Archaea :* ''Acidianus brierleyi, A. infernus'', facultatively anaerobic thermoacidophilic archaebacteria :* '' Halarchaeum acidiphilum'', acidophilic member of the Halobacteriacaeae :* ''Metallosphaera sedula'', thermoacidophilic Bacteria :* Acidobacteriota, a phylum of Bacteria :* Acidithiobacillales, an order of Pseudomonadota e.g. ''A. ferrooxidans, A. thiooxidans'' :*''Thiobacillus prosperus, T. acidophilus, T. organovorus, T. cuprinus'' :*''Acet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermophilic
A thermophile is an organism—a type of extremophile—that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between . Many thermophiles are archaea, though they can be bacteria or fungi. Thermophilic eubacteria are suggested to have been among the earliest bacteria. Thermophiles are found in various geothermally heated regions of the Earth, such as hot springs like those in Yellowstone National Park (see image) and deep sea hydrothermal vents, as well as decaying plant matter, such as peat bogs and compost. Thermophiles can survive at high temperatures, whereas other bacteria or archaea would be damaged and sometimes killed if exposed to the same temperatures. The enzymes in thermophiles function at high temperatures. Some of these enzymes are used in molecular biology, for example the ''Taq'' polymerase used in PCR. "Thermophile" is derived from the el, θερμότητα (''thermotita''), meaning heat, and el, φίλια (''philia''), love. Classification Thermophiles can be c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfur
Sulfur (or sulphur in British English) is a chemical element with the symbol S and atomic number 16. It is abundant, multivalent and nonmetallic. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with a chemical formula S8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow, crystalline solid at room temperature. Sulfur is the tenth most abundant element by mass in the universe and the fifth most on Earth. Though sometimes found in pure, native form, sulfur on Earth usually occurs as sulfide and sulfate minerals. Being abundant in native form, sulfur was known in ancient times, being mentioned for its uses in ancient India, ancient Greece, China, and ancient Egypt. Historically and in literature sulfur is also called brimstone, which means "burning stone". Today, almost all elemental sulfur is produced as a byproduct of removing sulfur-containing contaminants from natural gas and petroleum.. Downloahere The greatest commercial use of the element is the production o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfur-reducing Bacteria
Sulfur-reducing bacteria are microorganisms able to reduce elemental sulfur (S0) to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These microbes use inorganic sulfur compounds as electron acceptors to sustain several activities such as respiration, conserving energy and growth, in absence of oxygen. The final product or these processes, sulfide, has a considerable influence on the chemistry of the environment and, in addition, is used as electron donor for a large variety of microbial metabolisms. Several types of bacteria and many non-methanogenic archaea can reduce sulfur. Microbial sulfur reduction was already shown in early studies, which highlighted the first proof of S0 reduction in a vibrioid bacterium from mud, with sulfur as electron acceptor and as electron donor. The first pure cultured species of sulfur-reducing bacteria, ''Desulfuromonas acetoxidans'', was discovered in 1976 and described by Pfennig Norbert and Biebel Hanno as an anaerobic sulfur-reducing and acetate-oxidizing bacterium, no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acidophiles
Acidophiles or acidophilic organisms are those that thrive under highly acidic conditions (usually at pH 5.0 or below). These organisms can be found in different branches of the tree of life, including Archaea, Bacteria,Becker, A.Types of Bacteria Living in Acidic pH" Retrieved 10 May 2017. and Eukarya. Examples A list of these organisms includes: Archaea :* Sulfolobales, an order in the Thermoproteota branch of Archaea :* Thermoplasmatales, an order in the Euryarchaeota branch of Archaea :* ARMAN, in the Euryarchaeota branch of Archaea :* ''Acidianus brierleyi, A. infernus'', facultatively anaerobic thermoacidophilic archaebacteria :* '' Halarchaeum acidiphilum'', acidophilic member of the Halobacteriacaeae :* ''Metallosphaera sedula'', thermoacidophilic Bacteria :* Acidobacteriota, a phylum of Bacteria :* Acidithiobacillales, an order of Pseudomonadota e.g. ''A. ferrooxidans, A. thiooxidans'' :*''Thiobacillus prosperus, T. acidophilus, T. organovorus, T. cuprinus'' :*'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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