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Azomonas
''Azomonas'' species are typically motile, oval to spherical, and secrete large quantities of capsular slime. They are distinguished from ''Azotobacter'' by their inability to form cysts, but like ''Azotobacter'', they can biologically fix nitrogen under aerobic conditions (diazotrophs). Bacteria of the genus ''Azomonas'' are known to form intracellular inclusions of polyhydroxyalkanoates under certain environmental conditions (e.g. lack of elements such as phosphorus, nitrogen, or oxygen combined with an excessive supply of carbon sources). Etymology The name ''Azomonas'' derives from: : New Latin noun ''azotum'' Greek_noun_ζωή,_''zōē'',_life;_Greek_language.html" "title="Ancient_Greek_language.html" "title="Ancient_Greek_language.html" "title="rom Fr. noun ''azote'' (from Ancient Greek language">Greek prep. ά, ''a'', not; Ancient Greek language">Greek noun ζωή, ''zōē'', life; Greek language">Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azomonas Insignis
''Azomonas'' species are typically motile, oval to spherical, and secrete large quantities of capsular slime. They are distinguished from ''Azotobacter'' by their inability to form cysts, but like ''Azotobacter'', they can biologically fix nitrogen under aerobic conditions (diazotrophs). Bacteria of the genus ''Azomonas'' are known to form intracellular inclusions of polyhydroxyalkanoates under certain environmental conditions (e.g. lack of elements such as phosphorus, nitrogen, or oxygen combined with an excessive supply of carbon sources). Etymology The name ''Azomonas'' derives from: : New Latin noun ''azotum'' Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ... noun άζωη, ''azōē'', not sustaining life)], nitrogen; New Latin ''azo''-, pertaining to nitrogen; Latin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azomonas Macrocytogenes
''Azomonas'' species are typically motile, oval to spherical, and secrete large quantities of capsular slime. They are distinguished from ''Azotobacter'' by their inability to form cysts, but like ''Azotobacter'', they can biologically fix nitrogen under aerobic conditions (diazotrophs). Bacteria of the genus ''Azomonas'' are known to form intracellular inclusions of polyhydroxyalkanoates under certain environmental conditions (e.g. lack of elements such as phosphorus, nitrogen, or oxygen combined with an excessive supply of carbon sources). Etymology The name ''Azomonas'' derives from: : New Latin noun ''azotum'' Greek_noun_ζωή,_''zōē'',_life;_Greek_language.html" "title="Ancient_Greek_language.html" "title="Ancient_Greek_language.html" "title="rom Fr. noun ''azote'' (from Ancient Greek language">Greek prep. ά, ''a'', not; Ancient Greek language">Greek noun ζωή, ''zōē'', life; Greek language">Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azomonas Agilis
''Azomonas agilis'' is a species of motile, Gram-negative bacteria found in water and is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. It is the type strain for the genus ''Azomonas''. ''A. agilis'' resembles protists with its ovoid, ellipsoidal, or coccoid cells. The cells are relatively large, usually 2.5-6.4 μm long and 2.0-2.8 μm wide, though giant cells that are 10.0-13.5 μm have been described. The cells have peritrichous flagella which enable motility. The species also produces a diffusible yellow-green or red-violet pigment which fluoresces bluish-white under ultraviolet light. ''A. agilis'' was first isolated and described by Martinus Beijerinck in 1901, who obtained the species from Dutch canal water in Delft. Beijernick's original strain has been lost, so the strain isolated by Albert Kluyver and van den Bout is now the neotype. Despite the fact that mannitol was used by Beijerinck in his enrichment medium for ''A. agilis'', the bacteria in pure culture cannot use it as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonadaceae
The Pseudomonadaceae are a family of bacteria which includes the genera ''Azomonas'', ''Azorhizophilus'', ''Azotobacter'', '' Mesophilobacter'', ''Pseudomonas'' (the type genus), and '' Rugamonas''. The family Azotobacteraceae was recently reclassified into this family. History Pseudomonad literally means false unit, being derived from the Greek ''pseudo'' (ψευδο – false) and ''monas'' (μονος – a single unit). The term "monad" was used in the early history of microbiology to denote single-celled organisms. Because of their widespread occurrence in nature, the pseudomonads were observed early in the history of microbiology. The generic name ''Pseudomonas'' created for these organisms was defined in rather vague terms in 1894 as a genus of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and polar-flagellated bacteria. Soon afterwards, a large number of species was assigned to the genus. Pseudomonads were isolated from many natural niches. New methodology and the inclusion of approaches ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacterial Taxonomy
Bacterial taxonomy is the taxonomy, i.e. the rank-based classification, of bacteria. In the scientific classification established by Carl Linnaeus, each species has to be assigned to a genus ( binary nomenclature), which in turn is a lower level of a hierarchy of ranks (family, suborder, order, subclass, class, division/phyla, kingdom and domain). In the currently accepted classification of life, there are three domains (Eukaryotes, Bacteria and Archaea), which, in terms of taxonomy, despite following the same principles have several different conventions between them and between their subdivisions as they are studied by different disciplines (botany, zoology, mycology and microbiology). For example, in zoology there are type specimens, whereas in microbiology there are type strains. Diversity Prokaryotes share many common features, such as lack of nuclear membrane, unicellularity, division by binary-fission and generally small size. The various species differ amongst each ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
-monas
The suffix -monas is used in microbiology for many genera and is intended to mean "unicellular organism". Meaning The suffix -monas found in many genera in microbiology is similar in usage to -bacter, -bacillus, -coccus or -spirillum. The genera with the suffix are not a monophyletic group and the suffix is chosen over -bacter, often simply out of stylistic preferences to match with Greek words. The first genus to be given the suffix -monas was ''Pseudomonas'', a genus of gammaproteobacteria. The generic epithet ''Pseudomonas'' was coined by Walter Migula in 1894, who did not give an etymology.Migula, W. (1900) System der Bakterien, Vol. 2. Jena, Germany: Gustav Fischer. Since the 7th edition of Bergey's manual (=top authority in bacterial nomenclature), other authors have given the etymology to be: Greek (, false) and (, single unit or monad), which can mean "false unit". However, "false unit" conceptually does not make much sense, namely, it does not mean "an organism which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azotobacter
''Azotobacter'' is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts (and also has hard crust) and may produce large quantities of capsular slime. They are aerobic, free-living soil microbes that play an important role in the nitrogen cycle in nature, binding atmospheric nitrogen, which is inaccessible to plants, and releasing it in the form of ammonium ions into the soil (nitrogen fixation). In addition to being a model organism for studying diazotrophs, it is used by humans for the production of biofertilizers, food additives, and some biopolymers. The first representative of the genus, ''Azotobacter chroococcum'', was discovered and described in 1901 by Dutch microbiologist and botanist Martinus Beijerinck. ''Azotobacter'' species are Gram-negative bacteria found in neutral and alkaline soils, in water, and in association with some plants. Biological characteristics Morphology Cells of the genus ''Azotobacter'' are relatively large for b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonadales
The Pseudomonadales are an order of Pseudomonadota. A few members are pathogens, such as species of ''Pseudomonas'', ''Moraxella'', and ''Acinetobacter'', which may cause disease in humans, animals and plants. ''Pseudomonas'' The bacterial genus ''Pseudomonas'' includes the opportunistic human pathogen ''P. aeruginosa'', plant pathogenic bacteria, plant beneficial bacteria, ubiquitous soil bacteria with bioremediation capabilities and other species that cause spoilage of milk and dairy products. ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' can cause chronic opportunistic infections that have become increasingly apparent in immunocompromised patients and the ageing population of industrialised societies. The genome sequences of several pseudomonads have become available in recent years and researchers are beginning to use the data to make new discoveries about this bacterium. ''Acinetobacter'' The genus ''Acinetobacter'' is a group of Gram-negative, nonmotile and nonfermentative bacteria belongin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slime Layer
A slime layer in bacteria is an easily removable (e.g. by centrifugation), unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds bacteria cells. Specifically, this consists mostly of exopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. Therefore, the slime layer is considered as a subset of glycocalyx. While slime layers and capsules are found most commonly in bacteria, while rare, these structures do exist in archaea as well. This information about structure and function is also transferable to these microorganisms too. Structure Slime layers are amorphous and inconsistent in thickness, being produced in various quantities depending upon the cell type and environment. These layers present themselves as strands hanging extracellularly and forming net-like structures between cells that were 1-4μm apart. Researchers suggested that a cell will slow formation of the slime layer after around 9 days of growth, perhaps due to slower metabolic activity. A bacterial capsule is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonadota
Pseudomonadota (synonym Proteobacteria) is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. The renaming of phyla in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier names of long standing in the literature. The phylum Proteobacteria includes a wide variety of pathogenic genera, such as ''Escherichia'', '' Salmonella'', ''Vibrio'', ''Yersinia'', ''Legionella'', and many others.Slonczewski JL, Foster JW, Foster E. Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Ed. WW Norton & Company; 2020. Others are free-living (nonparasitic) and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation. Carl Woese established this grouping in 1987, calling it informally the "purple bacteria and their relatives". Because of the great diversity of forms found in this group, it was later informally named Proteobacteria, after Proteus, a Greek god of the sea capable of assuming many different shapes (not after the Proteobacteria genus ''Proteus''). In 2021 the Internat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diazotroph
Diazotrophs are bacteria and archaea that fix gaseous nitrogen in the atmosphere into a more usable form such as ammonia. A diazotroph is a microorganism that is able to grow without external sources of fixed nitrogen. Examples of organisms that do this are rhizobia and ''Frankia'' (in symbiosis) and ''Azospirillum''. All diazotrophs contain iron-molybdenum or iron-vanadium nitrogenase systems. Two of the most studied systems are those of ''Klebsiella pneumoniae'' and ''Azotobacter vinelandii''. These systems are studied because of their genetic tractability and their fast growth. Etymology The word diazotroph is derived from the words ''diazo'' ("di" = two + "azo" = nitrogen) meaning "dinitrogen (N2)" and ''troph'' meaning "pertaining to food or nourishment", in summary dinitrogen utilizing. The word ''azote'' means nitrogen in French and was named by French chemist and biologist Antoine Lavoisier, who saw it as the part of air which cannot sustain life. Types of diazotrophs Diaz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyhydroxyalkanoates
Polyhydroxyalkanoates or PHAs are polyesters produced in nature by numerous microorganisms, including through bacterial fermentation of sugars or lipids. When produced by bacteria they serve as both a source of energy and as a carbon store. More than 150 different monomers can be combined within this family to give materials with extremely different properties. These plastics are biodegradable and are used in the production of bioplastics. They can be either thermoplastic or elastomeric materials, with melting points ranging from 40 to 180 °C. The mechanical properties and biocompatibility of PHA can also be changed by blending, modifying the surface or combining PHA with other polymers, enzymes and inorganic materials, making it possible for a wider range of applications. Biosynthesis To induce PHA production in a laboratory setting, a culture of a micro-organism such as '' Cupriavidus necator'' can be placed in a suitable medium and fed appropriate nutrients so that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
