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Auriscalpium
''Auriscalpium'' is a genus of mushrooms typifying the family Auriscalpiaceae. Etymology ''Auriscalpium'' is a compound of the Latin, ''auris'', "ear"; and ''scalpo'', "I scratch", generally meaning ear pick. The term was originally applied as a specific epithet by Linnaeus in 1753, viz. ''Hydnum auriscalpium'' and changed in 1821 to ''vulgare'' when S.F. Gray recognized the cone-inhabiting fungus as a new genus, named after its type species, ''Auriscalpium vulgare''. Tautonyms, such as ''"Auriscalpium auriscalpium"'' are illegitimate under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Taxonomy The genus includes the following species: * '' A. andinum'' * '' A. barbatum'' * '' A. dissectum'' * '' A. gilbertsonii'' * '' A. luteolum'' * '' A. umbella'' * '' A. villipes'' * '' A. vulgare'' Description Members of this genus are characterized by in part by rough-walled, amyloid spores that are produced on pendant spines, hence it is considered to be a tooth fungus. The ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auriscalpium Vulgare
''Auriscalpium vulgare'', commonly known as the pinecone mushroom, the cone tooth, or the ear-pick fungus, is a species of fungus in the family Auriscalpiaceae of the order Russulales. It was first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus, who included it as a member of the tooth fungi genus '' Hydnum'', but British mycologist Samuel Frederick Gray recognized its uniqueness and in 1821 transferred it to the genus '' Auriscalpium'' that he created to contain it. The fungus is widely distributed in Europe, Central America, North America, and temperate Asia. Although common, its small size and nondescript colors lead it to be easily overlooked in the pine woods where it grows. ''A. vulgare'' is not generally considered edible because of its tough texture, but some historical literature says it used to be consumed in France and Italy. The fruit bodies (mushrooms) grow on conifer litter or on conifer cones that may be partially or completely buried in soil. The dark brown ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auriscalpium Andinum
''Auriscalpium andinum'' is a species of fungus in the family Auriscalpiaceae The Auriscalpiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Russulales. Like much of the Russulales, it has been defined through molecular phylogeny, and includes physically dissimilar species, such as the tooth fungus ''Auriscalpium'' and the gilled ... of the Russulales order. Originally described in 1895 as ''Hydnum andinum'' by Narcisse Théophile Patouillard, it was transferred to the genus '' Auriscalpium'' in 2001 by Leif Ryvarden. It is found in Ecuador. References External links * Fungi described in 1895 Fungi of Ecuador Russulales Taxa named by Narcisse Théophile Patouillard {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auriscalpium Barbatum
''Auriscalpium barbatum'' is a species of spine fungus in the family Auriscalpiaceae of the Russulales order. Found in Western Australia in 1977 embedded on fragments of humus in sandy soil, it was described as new to science by the Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus in 1978. Taxonomy Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus described the fungus in 1978, from a collection made in August of the previous year in Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia. Based on the structure of the hyphae in their spines, Maas Geesteranus considered this species to be most closely related to the widespread ''Auriscalpium vulgare''. The specific epithet ''barbatum'' derives from ''barbatum'', meaning "spiny". Description The fruit body has a circular cap about in diameter. The cap surface is smooth overall, dark brown with tinges of red, and has fine, radially arranged wrinkles. The stipe, which measures long by 3–5 mm thick, is slightly curved below and becomes s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auriscalpium Villipes
''Auriscalpium villipes'' is a species of fungus in the family Auriscalpiaceae The Auriscalpiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Russulales. Like much of the Russulales, it has been defined through molecular phylogeny, and includes physically dissimilar species, such as the tooth fungus ''Auriscalpium'' and the gilled ... of the Russulales order. It is a spine fungus that grows on dead wood, and is found in South America (Brazil) and Mexico. References External links * Fungi of North America Fungi of Brazil Russulales Taxa named by Curtis Gates Lloyd Fungi described in 1918 {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auriscalpium Luteolum
''Auriscalpium luteolum'' is a species of fungus in the family Auriscalpiaceae of the Russulales order. First described as ''Hydnum luteolum'' by Elias Magnus Fries in 1874, it was transferred to the genus '' Auriscalpium'' by Petter Karsten Petter Adolf Karsten (16 February 1834 – 22 March 1917) was a Finland, Finnish mycology, mycologist, the foremost expert on the fungi of Finland in his day, and known in consequence as the "father of Finnish mycology". Karsten was born in Merim ... in 1879. References External links * Fungi described in 1874 Fungi of Europe Russulales Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auriscalpium Gilbertsonii
''Auriscalpium gilbertsonii'' is a species of fungus in the family Auriscalpiaceae of the Russulales order. Found in Costa Rica Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ..., it was described as new to science by Norwegian mycologist Leif Ryvarden in 2001. References External links * Fungi described in 2001 Fungi of Central America Russulales Taxa named by Leif Ryvarden {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auriscalpium Umbella
''Auriscalpium umbella'' is a species of fungus in the family Auriscalpiaceae The Auriscalpiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Russulales. Like much of the Russulales, it has been defined through molecular phylogeny, and includes physically dissimilar species, such as the tooth fungus ''Auriscalpium'' and the gilled ... of the Russulales order. Described by the Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus in 1971, it is known from New Zealand. References External links * Fungi described in 1971 Fungi of New Zealand Russulales {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auriscalpiaceae
The Auriscalpiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Russulales. Like much of the Russulales, it has been defined through molecular phylogeny, and includes physically dissimilar species, such as the tooth fungus ''Auriscalpium'' and the gilled, often shelf-like members of ''Lentinellus''. See also *List of Basidiomycota families This is a list of families in the phylum Basidiomycota of kingdom Fungi. The Basidiomycota are the second largest phyla of the fungi, containing 31515 species. The phylum is divided into three subphyla, the Pucciniomycotina (rust fungi), the Ustilag ... References Russulales Basidiomycota families {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auriscalpium Dissectum
''Auriscalpium dissectum'' is a species of fungus in the family Auriscalpiaceae The Auriscalpiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Russulales. Like much of the Russulales, it has been defined through molecular phylogeny, and includes physically dissimilar species, such as the tooth fungus ''Auriscalpium'' and the gilled ... of the Russulales order. Found in Zaire, it was described as new to science in the year 1979. References External links * Fungi described in 1979 Fungi of Africa Russulales {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tooth Fungus
The hydnoid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota with basidiocarps (fruit bodies) producing spores on pendant, tooth-like or spine-like projections. They are colloquially called tooth fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus '' Hydnum'' ("hydnoid" means ''Hydnum''-like), but it is now known that not all hydnoid species are closely related. History ''Hydnum'' was one of the original genera created by Linnaeus in his ''Species Plantarum'' of 1753. It contained all species of fungi with fruit bodies bearing pendant, tooth-like projections. Subsequent authors described around 900 species in the genus. With increasing use of the microscope, it became clear that not all tooth fungi were closely related and most ''Hydnum'' species were gradually moved to other genera. The Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus paid particular attention to the group, producing a series of papers reviewing the taxonomy of hydnoid fungi. The original genus ''Hydnum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Frederick Gray
Samuel Frederick Gray (10 December 1766 – 12 April 1828) was a British botanist, mycologist, and pharmacologist. He was the father of the zoologists John Edward Gray and George Robert Gray. Background He was the son of Samuel Gray, a London seedsman. He received no inheritance and, after failing to qualify for medicine, turned to medical and botanical writing. He married Elizabeth Forfeit in 1794 and moved to Walsall, Staffordshire, where he established an assay office before he moved back to London in 1800. He set up an apothecary business in Wapping, which failed within a few years. Then, he seems to have maintained himself by writing and lecturing. Medical writings Gray wrote a ''Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia'', published in 1818 with several subsequent editions. In 1819, he became co-editor of the ''London Medical Repository'', to which he contributed many articles on medical, botanical, and other topics. He published, in 1823, ''The Elements of Pharmacy'' and, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russulales
The Russulales are an order of the Agaricomycetes, (which include the agaric genera ''Russula'' and ''Lactarius'' and their polyporoid and corticioid relatives). According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the order consists of 12 families, 80 genera, and 1767 species. According to ''Species Fungorum'' (January 2016), the order contains 13 families, 117 genera (16 not assigned to a family), and 3,060 species. Russuloid agarics represent an independent evolutionary line of agarics, not directly related to the Agaricales. This group also includes a number of russuloid hypogeous fungi, polypores such as '' Bondarzewia'', some tooth fungi (e.g. ''Auriscalpium vulgare''), and club fungi e.g. '' Artomyces''. Basidiospores in this group are typically ornamented with amyloid warts or reticulation but a few exceptions are known, e.g. ''Heterobasidion annosum''. The genus '' Clavicorona'' was often treated in the Russulales, but its type species, '' C. taxophila ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
