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August Claessens
August "Gus" Claessens (June 17, 1885 – December 9, 1954) was a Swiss-born American socialist politician, best known as one of the five New York Assemblymen expelled from that body during the First Red Scare for their membership in the Socialist Party of America. Claessens was three times a candidate for United States Congress, running on the Socialist ticket in 1914, 1924, and 1934. He later served as Executive Secretary and National Chairman of the Social Democratic Federation, a factional offshoot of the Socialist Party. Biography Early life August Claessens was born in Berne, Switzerland, on June 17, 1885. He was raised by his mother and a step-father, the latter of whom worked as a house painter.Solon DeLeon with Irma C. Hayssen and Grace Poole (eds.), ''The American Labor Who's Who.'' New York: Hanford Press, 1925; pg. 42. His family emigrated to America in 1890 and he grew up in New York, educated in both Roman Catholic and public schools. Claessens went to work at a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Bourke (New York Politician)
Martin Bourke (December 1, 1867 – April 8, 1939) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. Life Bourke was born on December 1, 1867, in Bridgeport, Connecticut, the son of Martin Bourke and Anna MacNamara. Bourke initially attended the local public school and Staples Academy in Easton. He moved with his parents to a farm in Easton when he was nine, living there for the next six years. When he was fifteen, he moved to the Upper West Side in New York City. He initially worked in the drug business, becoming a licensed pharmacist before he was twenty-one. He then studied law at New York Law School, graduating from there in 1893. He was admitted to the bar in 1894 and began practicing law. Bourke ran for the New York State Assembly as a Republican in New York County's 17th District in 1912 and 1913, losing both elections to Democrat Democrat, Democrats, or Democratic may refer to: Politics *A proponent of democracy, or democratic government; a form of government in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fraternal Organization
A fraternity (from Latin ''frater'': "brother"; whence, "brotherhood") or fraternal organization is an organization, society, club or fraternal order traditionally of men associated together for various religious or secular aims. Fraternity in the Western concept developed in the Christian context, notably with the religious orders in the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages. The concept was eventually further extended with medieval confraternities and guilds. In the early modern era, these were followed by fraternal orders such as Freemasons and Odd Fellows, along with gentlemen's clubs, student fraternities, and fraternal service organizations. Members are occasionally referred to as a ''brother'' or – usually in a religious context – ''Frater'' or ''Friar''. Today, connotations of fraternities vary according to context including companionships and brotherhoods dedicated to the religious, intellectual, academic, physical, or social pursuits of its members. Additionall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republican Party (U
Republican Party is a name used by many political parties around the world, though the term most commonly refers to the United States' Republican Party. Republican Party may also refer to: Africa *Republican Party (Liberia) *Republican Party (Malawi) *Republican Party (Namibia) *Republican Party (Tunisia) Americas Brazil *Republicanos *Party of the Republic, in Brazil * Republican Party (Brazil), active 1945–1965 *Republican Party of São Paulo, active in Brazil 1873–1937 *Republican Party of the Social Order, in Brazil Chile *Republican Party (Chile, 2019) *Republican Party (Chile, 1982), active in Chile 1982-1987 United States * Republican Party (United States), the current major party; active since 1854 *American Republican Party (1843), active circa 1840s *Democratic-Republican Party, active circa 1790s–1820s *Liberal Republican Party (United States), active 1872 * National Republican Party, active circa 1820s *Puerto Rico Republican Party Other Republican Parties ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
143rd New York State Legislature
The 143rd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 7 to September 1920, during the second year of Al Smith's governorship, in Albany. Background Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1894, re-apportioned in 1917, 51 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts consisted either of one or more entire counties; or a contiguous area within a single county. The counties which were divided into more than one senatorial district were New York (nine districts), Kings (eight), Bronx (three), Erie (three), Monroe (two), Queens (two) and Westchester (two). The Assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county. At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The Socialist Party also nominated tickets. Electio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
142nd New York State Legislature
The 142nd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 1 to June 16, 1919, during the first year of Al Smith's governorship, in Albany. Background Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1894, re-apportioned in 1917, 51 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts consisted either of one or more entire counties; or a contiguous area within a single county. The counties which were divided into more than one senatorial district were New York (nine districts), Kings (eight), Bronx (three), Erie (three), Monroe (two), Queens (two), and Westchester (two). The Assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county. At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The Socialist Party, the Prohibition Party and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
141st New York State Legislature
The 141st New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 2 to April 13, 1918, during the fourth year of Charles S. Whitman's governorship, in Albany. Background Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1894, re-apportioned in 1917, 51 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts were made up of entire counties, except New York County (twelve districts), Kings County (eight districts), Erie County (three districts) and Monroe County (two districts). The Assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county. In 1917, the Legislature redistricted the Senate seats, and re-apportioned the number of assemblymen per county. Bronx County—which had been part of New York County at the time of the previous apportionment and occupied roughly the area of four Assembly distr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Steinberg (politician)
Joseph Steinberg (April 22, 1883 – November 27, 1932) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. Early life He was born on April 22, 1883, in Manasquan, New Jersey. He attended Manasquan High School. He graduated from the College of the City of New York and the New York University School of Law. He practiced law in Manhattan. Politics In November 1913, Steinberg ran on the Progressive ticket for the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 26th D.), but Democrat Abraham Greenberg was declared elected by a small margin. Steinberg contested Greenberg's election, and was seated on March 27, the day before the regular session adjourned ''sine die'', in the 137th New York State Legislature. In November 1914, Steinberg was re-elected on the Progressive and Republican tickets, and was a member of the 138th New York State Legislature in 1915. In November 1915, Steinberg ran for re-election, but was defeated by Democrat Meyer Levy. Levy polled 2,885 votes; Steinberg polled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meyer Levy
Meyer Levy (May 16, 1887 – January 26, 1967 in Manhattan, New York City) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician from New York. Life He was a member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 26th D.) in 1916 and 1917. He was a member of the New York State Senate (17th D.) in 1923 and 1924; and was Chairman of the Committee on General Laws. He died on January 26, 1967, in Park East Hospital at East 83rd Street in Manhattan Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state .... Sources ''LEVY'S PLURALITY 2,229''in NYT on December 7, 1922 in NYT on January 10, 1935 (subscription required) in NYT on January 27, 1967 (subscription required) 1887 births 1967 deaths Democratic Party New York (state) state senators People from Manhattan Democratic Party memb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August Claessens
August "Gus" Claessens (June 17, 1885 – December 9, 1954) was a Swiss-born American socialist politician, best known as one of the five New York Assemblymen expelled from that body during the First Red Scare for their membership in the Socialist Party of America. Claessens was three times a candidate for United States Congress, running on the Socialist ticket in 1914, 1924, and 1934. He later served as Executive Secretary and National Chairman of the Social Democratic Federation, a factional offshoot of the Socialist Party. Biography Early life August Claessens was born in Berne, Switzerland, on June 17, 1885. He was raised by his mother and a step-father, the latter of whom worked as a house painter.Solon DeLeon with Irma C. Hayssen and Grace Poole (eds.), ''The American Labor Who's Who.'' New York: Hanford Press, 1925; pg. 42. His family emigrated to America in 1890 and he grew up in New York, educated in both Roman Catholic and public schools. Claessens went to work at a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthropology
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including past human species. Social anthropology studies patterns of behavior, while cultural anthropology studies cultural meaning, including norms and values. A portmanteau term sociocultural anthropology is commonly used today. Linguistic anthropology studies how language influences social life. Biological or physical anthropology studies the biological development of humans. Archaeological anthropology, often termed as 'anthropology of the past', studies human activity through investigation of physical evidence. It is considered a branch of anthropology in North America and Asia, while in Europe archaeology is viewed as a discipline in its own right or grouped under other related disciplines, such as history and palaeontology. Etymology The abstract noun ''anthropology'' is first attested in reference t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Psychology
Social psychology is the scientific study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the real or imagined presence of other people or by social norms. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions. History Although issues in social psychology have been discussed in philosophy for much of human history, the scientific discipline of social psychology formally began in the late 19th to early 20th century. 19th century In the 19th century, social psychology began to emerge from the larger field of psychology. At the time, many psychologists were concerned with developing concrete explanations for the different aspects of human nature. They attempted to discover concrete cause-and-effect relationships that explained social interactions. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
