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Audit Trail
An audit trail (also called audit log) is a security-relevant chronological record, set of records, and/or destination and source of records that provide documentary evidence of the sequence of activities that have affected at any time a specific operation, procedure, event, or device. Audit records typically result from activities such as financial transactions, scientific research and health care data transactions, or communications by individual people, systems, accounts, or other entities. The process that creates an audit trail is typically required to always run in a privileged mode, so it can access and supervise all actions from all users; a normal user should not be allowed to stop/change it. Furthermore, for the same reason, the trail file or database table with a trail should not be accessible to normal users. Another way of handling this issue is through the use of a role-based security model in the software. The software can operate with the closed-looped controls, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Committee On National Security Systems
The Committee on National Security Systems (CNSS) is a United States intergovernmental organization that sets policy for the security of the US security systems. Charter, mission, and leadership The National Security Telecommunications and Information Systems Security Committee (NSTISSC) was established under National Security Directive 42, "National Policy for the Security of National Security Telecommunications and Information Systems", dated 5 July 1990. On October 16, 2001, President George W. Bush signed Executive Order 13231, the Critical Infrastructure Protection in the Information Age, re-designating the National Security Telecommunications and Information Systems Security Committee (NSTISSC) as the Committee on National Security Systems. The CNSS holds discussions of policy issues, sets national policy, directions, operational procedures, and guidance for the information systems operated by the U.S. Government, its contractors or agents that either contain classified inf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Information Audit
Information is an abstract concept that refers to that which has the power to inform. At the most fundamental level information pertains to the interpretation of that which may be sensed. Any natural process that is not completely random, and any observable pattern in any medium can be said to convey some amount of information. Whereas digital signals and other data use discrete signs to convey information, other phenomena and artifacts such as analog signals, poems, pictures, music or other sounds, and currents convey information in a more continuous form. Information is not knowledge itself, but the meaning that may be derived from a representation through interpretation. Information is often processed iteratively: Data available at one step are processed into information to be interpreted and processed at the next step. For example, in written text each symbol or letter conveys information relevant to the word it is part of, each word conveys information relevant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
QA/QC
QA/QC is the combination of quality assurance, the process or set of processes used to measure and assure the quality of a product, and quality control, the process of ensuring products and services meet consumer expectations. "Quality assurance" is process oriented and focuses on defect prevention, while "quality control" is product oriented and focuses on defect identification. The term 'defect' here refers to 'product defect'. See also * Project management * Quality management Quality management ensures that an organization, product or service consistently functions well. It has four main components: quality planning, quality assurance, quality control and quality improvement. Quality management is focused not only ... References External links * McVittie, LQuality Assurance vs Quality Control Patient Guard, Ltd. Retrieved 22 February 2022. Quality control Quality assurance Quality {{business-term-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clinical Research
Clinical research is a branch of healthcare science that determines the safety and effectiveness ( efficacy) of medications, devices, diagnostic products and treatment regimens intended for human use. These may be used for prevention, treatment, diagnosis or for relieving symptoms of a disease. Clinical research is different from clinical practice. In clinical practice established treatments are used, while in clinical research evidence is collected to establish a treatment. Overview The term "clinical research" refers to the entire bibliography of a drug/device/biologic, in fact any test article from its inception in the lab to its introduction to the consumer market and beyond. Once the promising candidate or the molecule is identified in the lab, it is subjected to pre-clinical studies or animal studies where different aspects of the test article (including its safety toxicity if applicable and efficacy, if possible at this early stage) are studied. In the United States ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Version History
Software versioning is the process of assigning either unique ''version names'' or unique ''version numbers'' to unique states of computer software. Within a given version number category (e.g., major or minor), these numbers are generally assigned in increasing order and correspond to new developments in the software. At a fine-grained level, revision control is often used for keeping track of incrementally-different versions of information, whether or not this information is computer software. Modern computer software is often tracked using two different software versioning schemes: an ''internal version number'' that may be incremented many times in a single day, such as a revision control number, and a ''release version'' that typically changes far less often, such as semantic versioning or a project code name. History File numbers were used especially in public administration, as well as companies, to uniquely identify files or cases. For computer files this practice was i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Online Proofing
Online proofing is the process undertaken by web designers, photographers, marketing agencies and video production companies, among others, to automate the review and approval of work online. Traditionally a process used by photographers, as more work is done online and teams work remotely this method of working allows people to collaboratively work together to speed up the design process and keep an online audit trail. Online proofing has also become widespread in the e-commerce industry. With the growing capabilities of the internet, companies who allow their customers to design and customize a product on their website have adopted the online proofing process as an effective quality assurance method. Online proofing saves time in the purchasing process and improves customer buying experience and raises customer satisfaction. See also * Collaborative software * Digital asset management * Online artwork proofing, feedback, review and approval tool * Prepress proofing A contract ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ledger
A ledger is a book or collection of accounts in which account transactions are recorded. Each account has an opening or carry-forward balance, and would record each transaction as either a debit or credit in separate columns, and the ending or closing balance. Overview The ledger is a permanent summary of all amounts entered in supporting journals which list individual transactions by date. Every transaction flows from a journal, to one or more ledgers. A company's financial statements are generated from summary totals in the ledgers. Ledgers include: *Sales ledger, records accounts receivable. This ledger consists of the financial transactions made by customers to the company. *Purchase ledger records money spent for purchasing by the company. * General ledger representing the five main account types: assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and capital. For every debit recorded in a ledger, there must be a corresponding credit, so that the debits equal the credits in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Documentation
Documentation is any communicable material that is used to describe, explain or instruct regarding some attributes of an object, system or procedure, such as its parts, assembly, installation, maintenance and use. As a form of knowledge management and knowledge organization, documentation can be provided on paper, online, or on digital or analog media, such as audio tape or CDs. Examples are user guides, white papers, online help, and quick-reference guides. Paper or hard-copy documentation has become less common. Documentation is often distributed via websites, software products, and other online applications. Documentation as a set of instructional materials shouldn't be confused with documentation science, the study of the recording and retrieval of information. Principles for producing documentation While associated ISO standards are not easily available publicly, a guide from other sources for this topic may serve the purpose.,, Documentation development may involve d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Accounting
Accounting, also known as accountancy, is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial and non financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations. Accounting, which has been called the "language of business", measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of stakeholders, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators. Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants. The terms "accounting" and "financial reporting" are often used as synonyms. Accounting can be divided into several fields including financial accounting, management accounting, tax accounting and cost accounting. Financial accounting focuses on the reporting of an organization's financial information, including the preparation of financial statements, to the external users of the information, such as investors, regulators and suppliers; and management accounting focuses on the measurement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guideline (medical)
A guideline is a statement by which to determine a course of action. A guideline aims to streamline particular processes according to a set routine or sound practice. Guidelines may be issued by and used by any organization (governmental or private) to make the actions of its employees or divisions more predictable, and presumably of higher quality. A guideline is similar to a rule, but are legally less binding as justified deviations are possible. List of guidelines Examples of guidelines are: * Code of practice * EASE Guidelines for Authors and Translators of Scientific Articles * Federal Sentencing Guidelines * Guidelines for Examination in the European Patent Office * Medical guidelines * Publicly Available Specification * Programming style guidelines * UNGEGN Toponymic Guidelines The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) is one of the nine expert groups of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and deals with the national and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diary
A diary is a written or audiovisual record with discrete entries arranged by date reporting on what has happened over the course of a day or other period. Diaries have traditionally been handwritten but are now also often digital. A personal diary may include a person's experiences, thoughts, and/or feelings, excluding comments on current events outside the writer's direct experience. Someone who keeps a diary is known as a diarist. Diaries undertaken for institutional purposes play a role in many aspects of human civilization, including government records (e.g. ''Hansard''), business ledgers, and military records. In British English, the word may also denote a preprinted journal format. Today the term is generally employed for personal diaries, normally intended to remain private or to have a limited circulation amongst friends or relatives. The word "journal" may be sometimes used for "diary," but generally a diary has (or intends to have) daily entries (from the Latin wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
