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Association Des Écrivains Et Artistes Révolutionnaires
The (AEAR) was a French association of revolutionary artists and writers active between 1932 and 1939. An association of the same name was formed in 2006. The AEAR was founded by communist and communist-sympathizing writers in March 1932 as the French section of the International Union of Revolutionary Writers, established by the Comintern in the Soviet Union in 1930. Leading figures included Paul Vaillant-Couturier, Léon Moussinac, Charles Vildrac and Francis Jourdain. Originally the task of the organization was to promote Soviet art and culture but later under the direction Vaillant-Couturier, members of the AEAR mobilized against war and fascism after the organization released the brochure "Those who have chosen, Against fascism in Germany. Against French imperialism". Together with the Fédération Musicale Populaire (FMP), the organization played a key role in introducing Soviet music to France. Among other activities, the AEAR published the journal ''Commune''. Nota ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Union Of Revolutionary Writers
International is an adjective (also used as a noun) meaning "between nations". International may also refer to: Music Albums * ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * ''International'' (New Order album), 2002 * ''International'' (The Three Degrees album), 1975 *''International'', 2018 album by L'Algérino Songs * The Internationale, the left-wing anthem * "International" (Chase & Status song), 2014 * "International", by Adventures in Stereo from ''Monomania'', 2000 * "International", by Brass Construction from ''Renegades'', 1984 * "International", by Thomas Leer from ''The Scale of Ten'', 1985 * "International", by Kevin Michael from ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * "International", by McGuinness Flint from ''McGuinness Flint'', 1970 * "International", by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark from '' Dazzle Ships'', 1983 * "International (Serious)", by Estelle from '' All of Me'', 2012 Politics * Political international, any transnational organization of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claude Cahun
Claude Cahun (, born Lucy Renee Mathilde Schwob; 25 October 1894 – 8 December 1954) was a French surrealist photographer, sculptor, and writer. Schwob adopted the pseudonym Claude Cahun in 1914. Cahun is best known as a writer and self-portraitist, who assumed a variety of performative personae. In her writing she consistently referred to herself as "elle" (she), and this article follows her practice; but she also said that her actual gender was fluid. For example, in ''Disavowals'', Cahun writes: "Masculine? Feminine? It depends on the situation. is the only gender that always suits me." During World War II, Cahun was also active as a resistance worker and propagandist. Early life Cahun was born in Nantes in 1894, into a well-off literary Jewish family. Avant-garde writer Marcel Schwob was her uncle and Orientalist David Léon Cahun was her great-uncle. When Cahun was four years old, her mother, Mary-Antoinette Courbebaisse, began suffering from mental illness, which ult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dora Maar
Henriette Theodora Markovitch (22 November 1907 – 16 July 1997), known as Dora Maar, was a French photographer, painter, and poet. A romantic partner of Pablo Picasso, Maar was depicted in a number of Picasso's paintings, including his ''Portrait of Dora Maar and Dora Maar au Chat.'' Biography Henriette Theodora Markovitch was the only daughter of Josip Marković (aka Joseph Markovitch) (1874–1969), a Croatian architect who studied in Zagreb, Vienna, and then Paris where he settled in 1896, and of his spouse, Catholic-raised Louise-Julie Voisin (1877–1942), originally from Cognac. In 1910, the family left for Buenos Aires where the father obtained several commissions including for the embassy of Austria-Hungary. His achievements earned him the honor of being decorated by Emperor Francis Joseph I, even though he was "the only architect who did not make a fortune in Buenos Aires". In 1926, the family returned to Paris. Dora Maar, a pseudonym she chose, took courses at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eli Lotar
Eli Lotar (born Eliazar Lotar Teodorescu; January 30, 1905 – May 10, 1969) was a French photographer and cinematographer. Lotar was born in Paris, the son of Tudor Arghezi, a Romanian poet, and ConstanÈ›a Zissu, a teacher. http://www.ziaruldemures.ro/index.php?id=25&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=5545 He became a French citizen in 1926 and met the German photographer Germaine Krull. He took part in many exhibitions with Krull and photographer André Kertész. Lotar published his photographs in reviews such as ''Jazz'', ''Variétés'', ''Bifur'', and '' Documents''. His reportage on the Parisian La Villette's slaughterhouses (1929, issue 6) was a theme very much in line with Georges Bataille's interests in sacrificial rituals and became one of his best-known works. Lotar also frequented cinematic and theatrical circles, through which he met filmmakers René Clair and Luis Buñuel, theater director Antonin Artaud and playwright Roger Vitrac. Lotar was the cinematographer on Buñu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Lingner
Max Lingner (17 November 1888 – 14 March 1959) was a German painter, graphic artist, communist, and resistance fighter against the Nazi regime. Life Born in Leipzig, the son of a xylographer, Lingner graduated from high school in 1907 and studied as a master student under Carl Bantzer at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts, where he completed his training in 1912 with a painting ''Singing Girls'', for which he received the "Saxon State Prize". On a study trip in 1913/1914 he visited England, the Netherlands, France and Belgium. In First World War he had to fight on all fronts. In 1918, he took part in the Kiel mutiny and became a member of the soldiers' council in Kiel. He settled in the village of Born on the Darß from 1919 to 1922, but failed as a farmer. From 1922 to 1927, he worked as a painter and graphic artist in Weißenfels, but greater successes failed to materialise. On the advice of Käthe Kollwitz, he moved to Paris. The first years in the French capital also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Lévy
Jean may refer to: People * Jean (female given name) * Jean (male given name) * Jean (surname) Fictional characters * Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character * Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations * Jean Pierre Polnareff, a fictional character from ''JoJo's Bizarre Adventure'' Places * Jean, Nevada, USA; a town * Jean, Oregon, USA Entertainment * Jean (dog), a female collie in silent films * "Jean" (song) (1969), by Rod McKuen, also recorded by Oliver * ''Jean Seberg'' (musical), a 1983 musical by Marvin Hamlisch Other uses * JEAN (programming language) * USS ''Jean'' (ID-1308), American cargo ship c. 1918 * Sternwheeler Jean, a 1938 paddleboat of the Willamette River See also *Jehan * * Gene (other) * Jeanne (other) * Jehanne (other) * Jeans (other) * John (other) John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Giono
Jean Giono (30 March 1895 – 8 October 1970) was a French writer who wrote works of fiction mostly set in the Provence region of France. First period Jean Giono was born to a family of modest means, his father a cobbler of Piedmontese descent and his mother a laundry woman. He spent the majority of his life in Manosque, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. Forced by family needs to leave school at the age of sixteen and get a job in a bank, he nevertheless continued to read voraciously, in particular the great classic works of literature including the Bible, Homer's ''Iliad'', the works of Virgil, and the ''Tragiques'' of Agrippa d'Aubigné. He continued to work at the bank until he was called up for military service at the outbreak of World War I, and the horrors he experienced on the front lines turned him into an ardent and lifelong pacifist. In 1919, he returned to the bank, and a year later, married a childhood friend with whom he had two children. Following the success of his first pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Gide
André Paul Guillaume Gide (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (in 1947). Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in the Symbolism (arts), symbolist movement, to the advent of Anti-imperialism, anticolonialism between the two World Wars. The author of more than fifty books, at the time of his death his obituary in ''The New York Times'' described him as "France's greatest contemporary man of letters" and "judged the greatest French writer of this century by the literary cognoscenti." Known for his fiction as well as his autobiographical works, Gide exposed to public view the conflict and eventual reconciliation of the two sides of his personality (characterized by a Protestant austerity and a transgressive sexual adventurousness, respectively), which a strict and moralistic education had helped set at odds. Gide's work can be seen as an investigation of freedom and empowerment in the face of moralistic and pur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Élie Faure
Jacques Élie Faure (April 4, 1873 in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, France – October 29, 1937 in Paris) was a French doctor, art historian and essayist. He is the author of ''History of Art,'' considered a historiographical pillar in the discipline. Biography Youth and Training Élie Faure was the son of Pierre Faure, a merchant, and Zéline Reclus. He was very close to two of his uncles, namely the geographer and anarchist activist Élisée Reclus and the ethnologist Élie Reclus. In 1888, he joined his brothers Léonce and Jean-Louis in Paris and enrolled at the Lycée Henri-IV, where he had as classmates in philosophy class Léon Blum, R. Berthelot, Gustave Hervé and Louis Laloy. Passionate about painting, he often visited the Louvre and immersed himself in the works of his philosophy teacher, Henri Bergson. With his baccalaureate in hand, he enrolled in the faculty of medicine and began practicing in working-class neighborhoods in Paris. He worked as an anesthesiologist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Ernst
Max Ernst (2 April 1891 – 1 April 1976) was a German (naturalised American in 1948 and French in 1958) painter, sculptor, printmaker, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and Surrealism in Europe. He had no formal artistic training, but his experimental attitude toward the making of art resulted in his invention of frottage (surrealist technique), frottage—a technique that uses pencil rubbings of textured objects and relief surfaces to create images—and Grattage (art), grattage, an analogous technique in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath. Ernst is noted for his unconventional drawing methods as well as for creating novels and pamphlets using the method of collages. He served as a soldier for four years during World War I, and this experience left him shocked, traumatised and critical of the modern world. During World War II he was designated an "undesirable forei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Éluard
Paul Éluard (), born Eugène Émile Paul Grindel (; 14 December 1895 – 18 November 1952), was a French poet and one of the founders of the Surrealist movement. In 1916, he chose the name Paul Éluard, a matronymic borrowed from his maternal grandmother. He adhered to Dadaism and became one of the pillars of Surrealism by opening the way to artistic action politically committed to the Communist Party. During World War II, he was the author of several poems against Nazism that circulated clandestinely. He became known worldwide as The Poet of ''Freedom'' and is considered the most gifted of French surrealist poets. Biography Éluard was born in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, France, the son of Eugène Clément Grindel and wife Jeanne-Marie née Cousin. His father was an accountant when Paul was born but soon opened a real estate agency. His mother was a seamstress. Around 1908, the family moved to Paris, rue Louis Blanc. Éluard attended the local school in Aulnay-sous-Bois ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Desnos
Robert Desnos (; 4 July 1900 – 8 June 1945) was a French poet who played a key role in the Surrealist movement of his day. Biography Robert Desnos was born in Paris on 4 July 1900, the son of a licensed dealer in game and poultry at the '' Halles'' market. Desnos attended commercial college, and started work as a clerk. He also worked as an amanuensis for journalist Jean de Bonnefon. After that he worked as a literary columnist for the newspaper '' Paris-Soir''. The first poems by Desnos to appear in print were published in 1917 in ''La Tribune des Jeunes'' (Platform for Youth) and in 1919 in the avant-garde review ''Le Trait d'union'' (Hyphen), and also the same year in the Dadaist magazine ''Littérature''. In 1922 he published his first book, a collection of surrealistic aphorisms, with the title Rrose Sélavy (based upon the name (pseudonym) of the popular French artist Marcel Duchamp). In 1919 he met the poet Benjamin Péret, who introduced him to the Paris Dada group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
