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Ashem Vohu
Ashem Vohu (, Avestan: 𐬀𐬴𐬆𐬨 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬏 aṣ̌əm vohū) is a very important prayer in Zoroastrianism. The Ashem Vohu, after the Ahunavar is considered one of the most basic, yet meaningful and powerful mantras in the religion. It is considered a lesson and praise of those who embrace Asha, along with being a sacred blessing for the aforementioned. It is also at the end of most of the prayers in the Khordeh Avesta, except a certain few, most notably the Fravarane. ''Ashem vohu, Ahunavar,'' ''Yenghe hatam'', and ''Airyaman ishya'' form four pillars of the Gathic canon, part of the group of Zoroastrian texts composed in the archaic dialect of the Avestan language. Prayer There are many translations that all differ significantly due to the complexity of Avestan and the concepts involved. For example: or: or: or: or: There is also a Sogdian version of the prayer: . See also * Zoroastrian prayer Zoroastrian prayer is performed for the worship of Ahu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avestan
Avestan (), or historically Zend, is an umbrella term for two Old Iranian languages: Old Avestan (spoken in the 2nd millennium BCE) and Younger Avestan (spoken in the 1st millennium BCE). They are known only from their conjoined use as the scriptural language of Zoroastrianism, and the Avesta likewise serves as their namesake. Both are early Eastern Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian language branch of the Indo-European language family. Its immediate ancestor was the Proto-Iranian language, a sister language to the Proto-Indo-Aryan language, with both having developed from the earlier Proto-Indo-Iranian language; as such, Old Avestan is quite close in both grammar and lexicon to Vedic Sanskrit, the oldest preserved Indo-Aryan language. The Avestan text corpus was composed in the ancient Iranian satrapies of Arachosia, Aria, Bactria, and Margiana, corresponding to the entirety of present-day Afghanistan as well as parts of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism is an Iranian religions, Iranian religion and one of the world's History of religion, oldest organized faiths, based on the teachings of the Iranian peoples, Iranian-speaking prophet Zoroaster. It has a Dualism in cosmology, dualistic cosmology of good and evil within the framework of a Monotheism, monotheistic ontology and an eschatology which predicts the ultimate conquest of evil by good. Zoroastrianism exalts an uncreated and benevolent deity of wisdom known as ''Ahura Mazda'' () as its supreme being. Historically, the unique features of Zoroastrianism, such as its monotheism, messianism, belief in Free will in theology, free will and Judgement (afterlife), judgement after death, conception of heaven, hell, Angel, angels, and Demon, demons, among other concepts, may have influenced other religious and philosophical systems, including the Abrahamic religions and Gnosticism, Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism, Northern Buddhism, and Ancient Greek philosoph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahunavar
Ahuna Vairya ( Avestan: 𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀) is the first of Zoroastrianism's four Gathic Avestan formulas. The text, which appears in ''Yasna'' 27.13, is also known after its opening words yatha ahu vairyo. In Zoroastrian tradition, the formula is also known as the ''ahun(a)war''. Numerous translations and interpretations exist, but the overall meaning of the text remains obscure. The Ahuna Vairya and ''Ashem Vohu'' (the second most sacred formula at ''Yasna'' 27.14) are together "very cryptic formulas, of a pronounced magical character." The Ahunavaiti Gatha (chapters 28-34 of the ''Yasna''), is named after the Ahuna Vairya formula. In relation to the other formulas Like the other three formulas (''Ashem vohu'', '' Yenghe hatam'', ''Airyaman ishya''), the ''Ahuna Vairya'' is part of the Gathic canon, that is, part of the group of texts composed in the more archaic dialect of the Avestan language. Together with the other three formulas, the ''Ahuna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mantra (Zoroastrianism)
A ( ae, , ) is a sacred formula or inspired utterance considered in Zoroastrianism to have spiritual power. Their use already goes back to Zarathustra who described himself in his Gathas as a knower of mantras. Zoroastrian mantras are etymologically and functionally related to the mantras known from the Vedic tradition. However, they are not derived from Vedic mantras, but represent an independent, parallel development. Etymology The Avestan word for mantra is . Together with the Vedic term , they go back to a common, Proto-Indo-Iranian *mantram, which in turn is derived from the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European verb *men (to think) and the instrumental suffix *-trom. By combining verb and suffix, the word *mantram, therefore, acquires the meaning ''instrument of thinking''. Within the context of Zoroastrianism, is commonly translated as mantra. Yet this is not universally applied and others have translated it as holy spell, religious utterance or formula, while some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asha
Asha (; also arta ; ae, 𐬀𐬴𐬀, translit=aṣ̌a/arta) is a Zoroastrian concept with a complex and highly nuanced range of meaning. It is commonly summarized in accord with its contextual implications of 'truth' and 'right(eousness)', 'order' and 'right working'... For other connotations, see meaning below. It is of cardinal importance. to Zoroastrian theology and doctrine. In the moral sphere, ''aṣ̌a/arta'' represents what has been called "the decisive confessional concept of Zoroastrianism". qtd. in . The opposite of Avestan ''aṣ̌a'' is ''druj'', "deceit, falsehood". Its Old Persian equivalent is ''arta-''. In Middle Iranian languages the term appears as ''ard-''. The word is also the proper name of the divinity Asha, the Amesha Spenta that is the hypostasis or "genius". of "Truth" or "Righteousness". In the Younger Avesta, this figure is more commonly referred to as Asha Vahishta (''Aṣ̌a Vahišta'', ''Arta Vahišta''), "Best Truth". The Middle Persian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khordeh Avesta
Khordeh Avesta, meaning 'little, or lesser, or small Avesta', is the name given to two different collections of Zoroastrian religious texts. One of the two collections includes the other and takes its name from it. * In a narrow sense, the term applies to a particular manuscript tradition that includes only the five '' Nyayesh'' texts, the five '' Gah'' texts, the four '' Afrinagan''s, and five introductory chapters that consist of quotations from various passages of the ''Yasna''.. More generally, the term may also be applied to Avestan texts other than the lengthy liturgical ''Yasna'', ''Visperad'' and ''Vendidad''. The term then also extends to the twenty-one yashts and the thirty '' Siroza'' texts, but does not usually encompass the various Avestan language fragments found in other works. * In the 19th century, when the first ''Khordeh Avesta'' editions were printed, the selection of Avesta texts described above (together with some non-Avestan language prayers) became a book ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yenghe Hatam
Yenghe hatam is one of the four major prayer formulas (the other three being Ashem Vohu, Ahuna Vairya and Airyaman ishya) of the Gathic canon, that is, part of the group of texts composed in the more archaic dialect of the Avestan language and believed to have been composed by Zoroaster. Text and interpretation ýenghê hâtãm âat ýesne paitî vanghô mazdå ahurô vaêthâ ashât hacâ ýånghãmcâ tãscâ tåoscâ ýazamaide.The Pahlavi and Parsi Avestan translations read: :''That one (masculine or neuter singular) of the beings indeed is for worship'' :''who Mazda Ahura knows as better according to righteousness'' :''from the female beings also'' :''These ones (masculine) and these ones (feminine) we worship (the Amesha Spentas and Yazatas).'' Vazquez's liturgically inclined translation is: :''They that are,'' :''Who are of any gender,'' :''Ahura Mazda knows through Asha Asha (; also arta ; ae, 𐬀𐬴𐬀, translit=aṣ̌a/arta) is a Zoroastrian concept with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Airyaman Ishya
The airyaman ishya (; ''airyaman išya'', ''airyə̄mā išyō'') is Zoroastrianism's fourth of the four Gathic Avestan invocations. Name The prayer is named after its opening words, ''ā airyə̄mā išyō''. In present-day Zoroastrian usage, the ''airyama'' of these opening words are considered to be an invocation of the divinity ''Airyaman'', the ''yazata'' of healing. The opening words may however have originally been an appeal to "the community" (or "tribe"), which would reflect the etymologically derived meaning of ''airyaman.'' In relation to the other formulas Like the other three formulas (''Ahuna Vairya'', ''Ashem vohu'', ''Yenghe hatam''), the ''airyaman ishya'' is in Gathic Avestan. While the first three formulas are located at ''Yasna'' 27.13-27.15, immediately preceding the Gathas, the ''airyaman ishya'' - at ''Yasna'' 54.1 - provides the closure. Also unlike the first three, the theological exegesis of the ''airyaman ishya'' is not embedded in the ''Yasna'' litur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sogdian Language
The Sogdian language was an Eastern Iranian languages, Eastern Iranian language spoken mainly in the Central Asian region of Sogdia (capital: Samarkand; other chief cities: Panjakent, Fergana, Khujand, and Bukhara), located in modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan; it was also spoken by some Sogdian immigrant communities in ancient China. Sogdian is one of the most important Iranian languages#Middle Iranian languages, Middle Iranian languages, along with Bactrian language, Bactrian, Saka language, Khotanese Saka, Middle Persian, and Parthian language, Parthian. It possesses a large literary corpus. The Sogdian language is usually assigned to a Northeastern group of the Iranian languages. No direct evidence of an earlier version of the language ("Old Sogdian") has been found, although mention of the area in the Old Persian inscriptions means that a separate and recognisable Sogdia existed at least since the Achaemenid Empire (559–323 BCE). Like Khotanese, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoroastrian Prayer
Zoroastrian prayer is performed for the worship of Ahura Mazda. The Zoroastrian place of worship is known as a fire temple. See also * Ashem Vohu * Ahuna Vairya Ahuna Vairya (Avestan: 𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀) is the first of Zoroastrianism's four Gathic Avestan formulas. The text, which appears in ''Yasna'' 27.13, is also known after its opening words yatha ahu vairyo. In Zoroas ... References Zoroastrianism Prayer {{Zoroastrianism-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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