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Artaud
Antoine Marie Joseph Paul Artaud, better known as Antonin Artaud (; 4 September 1896 – 4 March 1948), was a French writer, poet, dramatist, visual artist, essayist, actor and theatre director. He is widely recognized as a major figure of the European avant-garde. In particular, he had a profound influence on twentieth-century theatre through his conceptualization of the Theatre of Cruelty. Known for his raw, surreal and transgressive work, his texts explored themes from the cosmologies of ancient cultures, philosophy, the occult, mysticism and indigenous Mexican and Balinese practices. Early life Antonin Artaud was born in Marseille, to Euphrasie Nalpas and Antoine-Roi Artaud. His parents were first cousins—his grandmothers were sisters from Smyrna (modern day İzmir, Turkey). His paternal grandmother, Catherine Chilé, was raised in Marseille, where she married Marius Artaud, a Frenchman. His maternal grandmother, Mariette Chilé, grew up in Smyrna, where she married Louis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theatre Of Cruelty
The Theatre of Cruelty (french: Théâtre de la Cruauté, also french: Théâtre cruel) is a form of theatre generally associated with Antonin Artaud. Artaud, who was briefly a member of the surrealist movement, outlined his theories in ''The Theatre and Its Double''. The Theatre of Cruelty can be seen as a break from traditional Western theatre and a means by which artists assault the senses of the audience. Artaud's works have been highly influential on artists including Jean Genet, Jerzy Grotowski, Peter Brook, and Romeo Castellucci. History Antonin Artaud was well known as an actor, playwright, and essayist of avant-garde theatre, and briefly a member of the surrealist movement in Paris from 1924 - 1926, before his 'radical independence and his uncontrollable personality, perpetually in revolt, brought about his excommunication by André Breton.' Much of the avant-garde theatre developed in France from 1914 to 1939 can be seen as a revolt against tradition. Deeply affected by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Theatre And Its Double
''The Theatre and Its Double'' (''Le Théâtre et son Double'') is a collection of essays by French poet and playwright Antonin Artaud. It contains his most famous works on the theatre, including his manifestos for a Theatre of Cruelty. Composition and publication history ''The Theatre and Its Double'' was originally published 1 February 1938 as part of Gallimard's Métamorpheses Collection in an edition limited to 400 copies.:51 The books consists of Artaud's collected essays on theatre dating from the early thirties, many of which were published in Nouvelle Revue Française (NRF). Artaud was in "a near catatonic state in the mental hospital of Sainte-Anne" in Paris when the book was finally published.:51 He had been able to correct the text's proofs between his journeys to Ireland and Mexico.:104 Chronological release 'On the Balinese Theatre' (1931) Part 1 was published as 'The Balinese Theatre at the Colonial Exhibition' in NRF (no. 217, Oct. 1931).: 106 'Producti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Dullin
Charles Dullin (; 8 May 1885 – 11 December 1949) was a French actor, theater manager and director. Career Dullin began his career as an actor in melodrama:185 In 1908, he started his first troupe with Saturnin Fabre, the ''Théâtre de Foire,'' where they staged works by Alexandre Arnoux.:185 Dullin at Vieux-Colombier Dullin was a student of Jacques Copeau,:317 whose company he joined in 1913 for one season, before rejoining from 1917 to 1918.:134 He also trained and worked with Jacques Rouché,:73 André Antoine and Firmin Gémier. In June 1920, Dullin began taking on students and was giving acting lessons at the Théâtre Antoine under the tutelage of Gémier.:111 Théâtre de l'Atelier In July 1921, Dullin founded Théâtre de l'Atelier which he referred to as a "laboratory theater".:346 He conducted auditions for the troupe in Paris, and then brought the small group of actors to Néronville, where they trained for between ten and twelve hours daily. The small group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Rivière
Jacques Rivière (15 July 1886 – 14 February 1925) was a French "man of letters" — a writer, critic and editor who was "a major force in the intellectual life of France in the period immediately following World War I". He edited the magazine ''La Nouvelle Revue Française'' (NRF) from 1919 until his death. He was influential in winning a general public acceptance of Marcel Proust as an important writer. His friend and brother-in-law was Alain-Fournier (Henri Alban-Fournier), with whom he exchanged an abundant correspondence. Biography Rivière was born in Bordeaux, the son of an eminent physician. He became friends with Henri-Alban Fournier (later known as Alain-Fournier) at the Lycée Lakanal in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine. Both students prepared for the entrance examination for the École Normale Supérieure, and both failed. Rivière returned to Bordeaux in 1905, and from that date until his death maintained a frequent correspondence with Alban-Fournier. Rivière obtai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marseille
Marseille ( , , ; also spelled in English as Marseilles; oc, Marselha ) is the prefecture of the French department of Bouches-du-Rhône and capital of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Situated in the camargue region of southern France, it is located on the coast of the Gulf of Lion, part of the Mediterranean Sea, near the mouth of the Rhône river. Its inhabitants are called ''Marseillais''. Marseille is the second most populous city in France, with 870,731 inhabitants in 2019 (Jan. census) over a municipal territory of . Together with its suburbs and exurbs, the Marseille metropolitan area, which extends over , had a population of 1,873,270 at the Jan. 2019 census, the third most populated in France after those of Paris and Lyon. The cities of Marseille, Aix-en-Provence, and 90 suburban municipalities have formed since 2016 the Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis, an Indirect election, indirectly elected Métropole, metropolitan authority now in charge of wider metropo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cimetière Saint-Pierre (Marseille)
The Cimetière Saint-Pierre is the largest cemetery in the city of Marseille, Southern France.Boulaméry Odette, Le cimetière Saint-Pierre de Marseille, Marseille: Comité du Vieux-Marseille, 1999 Location It is located at number 380 on Rue Saint-Pierre in the 5th arrondissement of Marseille. Overview The cemetery is the third largest cemetery in France after the Cimetière parisien de Pantin and the Cimetière parisien de Thiais, both of which are located in the Parisian region. It was established on 25 September 1855. However, it was only inaugurated on 30 December 1863. Notable burials Artists * Antonin Artaud (1896–1948), playwright * Léo Nègre (1906–1998), songwriter * Edmond Rostand (1868–1918), playwright * Vincent Scotto (1874–1952), music composer * Henri Verneuil (1920–2002), screenwriter * Alibert (1889–1951), actor * Rellys (1905–1991), actor * Gaby Deslys (1881–1920), singer * Berthe Sylva (1885–1941), singer * Ernest Reyer (1823–1909) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivry-sur-Seine
Ivry-sur-Seine () is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Paris's main Asian district, the Quartier Asiatique in the 13th arrondissement, borders the commune and now extends into the northern parts of Ivry. Asian commercial activity, especially Chinese and Vietnamese, has greatly increased in Ivry-sur-Seine during the past two decades. The commune contains one of the highest concentrations of Vietnamese in France, who began settling in the city in the late 1970s after the Vietnam War. Politically, Ivry-sur-Seine has historically demonstrated strong electoral support for the French Communist Party (PCF). Between 1925 and today (except for the period of German occupation in World War II), the office of mayor was held by just four individuals: Georges Marrane, Jacques Laloë, Pierre Gosnat and Philippe Bouyssou, all members of the Communist Party. Ivry-sur-Seine is twinned with Bishop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twentieth-century Theatre
Twentieth-century theatre describes a period of great change within the theatrical culture of the 20th century, mainly in Europe and North America. There was a widespread challenge to long-established rules surrounding theatrical representation; resulting in the development of many new forms of theatre, including modernism, expressionism, impressionism, political theatre and other forms of Experimental theatre, as well as the continuing development of already established theatrical forms like naturalism and realism. Throughout the century, the artistic reputation of theatre improved after being derided throughout the 19th century. However, the growth of other media, especially film, has resulted in a diminished role within the culture at large. In light of this change, theatrical artists have been forced to seek new ways to engage with society. The various answers offered in response to this have prompted the transformations that make up its modern history. Developments in ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Pitoëff
Georges Pitoëff (4 September 1884 – 17 September 1939) was a Russian émigré with an Armenian background who became one of the leading actors and directors in France. Early life and education Pitoëff was born on 4 September 1884 in Tiflis, Russia (now Tbilisi, Georgia) to Russian-born of Armenian origins, he was the son of the Director of the Tiflis Theatre. After studying and graduating in law at Paris University, he switched his focus to a career in the theatre. Career In Russia, Pitoëff trained with Konstantin Stanislavski.:45 In France he became a theatre director and producer, noted for his popularization of the works of contemporary playwrights, especially George Bernard Shaw, Anton Chekhov, Arthur Schnitzler, Henrik Ibsen, and Eugene O'Neill. He was a founding member of the Cartel des Quatre (Group of Four), a group including Louis Jouvet, Charles Dullin, and Gaston Baty, dedicated to rejuvenating the French theatre. Death Pitoëff died on 17 September 1939 in B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Firmin Gémier
Firmin Gémier (1869-1933) was a French actor and director. Internationally, he is most famous for originating the role of Père Ubu in Alfred Jarry’s play ''Ubu Roi''. He is known as the principle architect of the popular theatre movement in France. Early life Gémier was born in 1869 in Aubervilliers, France, with the given name Firmin Tonnerre.:514 He was raised an orphan.:88 After leaving school, he studied in a chemist's laboratory, but 'was discharged' for mimicking his employer. Career Gémier began his career as an actor in melodramas for working class actors, before going on to direct six different theaters, including the ''Théâtre Antoine'' and the ''Odéon''.:88 As actor He performed more than 300 roles as an actor, in styles that ranged from Naturalism to Symbolism to more populist work.:88-90 In 1892 he joined André Antoine's Théâtre Libre, where he first gained a national profile. In 1896 he played his most famous role, Père Ubu in the premiere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Antoine
André Antoine (31 January 185823 October 1943) was a French actor, theatre manager, film director, author, and critic who is considered the father of modern mise en scène in France. Biography André Antoine was a clerk at the Paris Gas Utility and worked in the Archer Theatre when he asked to produce a dramatization of a novel by Émile Zola. The amateur group refused it, so he decided to create his own theatre to realize his vision of the proper development of dramatic art. Antoine founded the Théâtre Libre in Paris in 1887. This was a ''théâtre d'essai'', a workshop theatre, where plays were produced whether they would perform at the box office or not. It was also a stage for new writing whose subject matter or form had been rejected in other theatres. Over a seven-year period, until 1894, the Théâtre Libre staged some 111 plays. His work had enormous influence on the French stage, as well as on similar companies elsewhere in Europe, such as the Independent Theatre S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludmilla Pitoëff
Ludmilla Pitoëff (December 25, 1896 – September 15, 1951) was a Russian-born French stage actress. She also appeared in London and New York, as well as in some films. Biography Born in Tiflis, Russia on December 25, 1896, she married Georges Pitoëff and began appearing with his company in 1917 at venues in Paris including the Théatre des Arts, the Comédie des Champs-Elysées, the Vieux Colombier, and Théâtre des Mathurins. She made her London stage debut in 1930 playing Jeanne in '' Saint Jeanne'' (reportedly George Bernard Shaw George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950), known at his insistence simply as Bernard Shaw, was an Irish playwright, critic, polemicist and political activist. His influence on Western theatre, culture and politics extended from ...’s favorite actress to play the role), then as Marguerite Gautier in ''La Dame aux Camélias''. She went to the United States after her husband’s death in 1939 and in 1944 made her Broadway de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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