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Arithmetic Scheme
In mathematics, Arakelov theory (or Arakelov geometry) is an approach to Diophantine geometry, named for Suren Arakelov. It is used to study Diophantine equations in higher dimensions. Background The main motivation behind Arakelov geometry is the fact there is a correspondence between prime ideals \mathfrak \in \text(\mathbb) and finite places v_p : \mathbb^* \to \mathbb, but there also exists a place at infinity v_\infty, given by the Archimedean valuation, which doesn't have a corresponding prime ideal. Arakelov geometry gives a technique for compactifying \text(\mathbb) into a complete space \overline which has a prime lying at infinity. Arakelov's original construction studies one such theory, where a definition of divisors is constructor for a scheme \mathfrak of relative dimension 1 over \text(\mathcal_K) such that it extends to a Riemann surface X_\infty = \mathfrak(\mathbb) for every valuation at infinity. In addition, he equips these Riemann surfaces with Hermitian metr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematics
Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics with the major subdisciplines of number theory, algebra, geometry, and analysis, respectively. There is no general consensus among mathematicians about a common definition for their academic discipline. Most mathematical activity involves the discovery of properties of abstract objects and the use of pure reason to prove them. These objects consist of either abstractions from nature orin modern mathematicsentities that are stipulated to have certain properties, called axioms. A ''proof'' consists of a succession of applications of deductive rules to already established results. These results include previously proved theorems, axioms, andin case of abstraction from naturesome basic properties that are considered true starting points of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Vojta
Paul Alan Vojta (born September 30, 1957) is an American mathematician, known for his work in number theory on Diophantine geometry and Diophantine approximation. Contributions In formulating Vojta's conjecture, he pointed out the possible existence of parallels between the Nevanlinna theory of complex analysis, and diophantine analysis in the circle of ideas around the Mordell conjecture and abc conjecture. This suggested the importance of the ''integer solutions'' (affine space) aspect of diophantine equations. Vojta wrote the .dvi-previewer xdvi. Education and career He was an undergraduate student at the University of Minnesota, where he became a Putnam Fellow in 1977, and a doctoral student at Harvard University (1983). He currently is a professor in the Department of Mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley. Awards and honors In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of prof ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
P-adic Hodge Theory
In mathematics, ''p''-adic Hodge theory is a theory that provides a way to classify and study ''p''-adic Galois representations of characteristic 0 local fields with residual characteristic ''p'' (such as Q''p''). The theory has its beginnings in Jean-Pierre Serre and John Tate's study of Tate modules of abelian varieties and the notion of Hodge–Tate representation. Hodge–Tate representations are related to certain decompositions of ''p''-adic cohomology theories analogous to the Hodge decomposition, hence the name ''p''-adic Hodge theory. Further developments were inspired by properties of ''p''-adic Galois representations arising from the étale cohomology of varieties. Jean-Marc Fontaine introduced many of the basic concepts of the field. General classification of ''p''-adic representations Let ''K'' be a local field with residue field ''k'' of characteristic ''p''. In this article, a ''p-adic representation'' of ''K'' (or of ''GK'', the absolute Galois group of ''K'') wil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hodge Theory
In mathematics, Hodge theory, named after W. V. D. Hodge, is a method for studying the cohomology groups of a smooth manifold ''M'' using partial differential equations. The key observation is that, given a Riemannian metric on ''M'', every cohomology class has a canonical representative, a differential form that vanishes under the Laplacian operator of the metric. Such forms are called harmonic. The theory was developed by Hodge in the 1930s to study algebraic geometry, and it built on the work of Georges de Rham on de Rham cohomology. It has major applications in two settings: Riemannian manifolds and Kähler manifolds. Hodge's primary motivation, the study of complex projective varieties, is encompassed by the latter case. Hodge theory has become an important tool in algebraic geometry, particularly through its connection to the study of algebraic cycles. While Hodge theory is intrinsically dependent upon the real and complex numbers, it can be applied to questions in nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hodge–Arakelov Theory
In mathematics, Hodge–Arakelov theory of elliptic curves is an analogue of classical and p-adic Hodge theory for elliptic curves carried out in the framework of Arakelov theory. It was introduced by . It bears the name of two mathematicians, Suren Arakelov and W. V. D. Hodge. The main comparison in his theory remains unpublished as of 2019. Mochizuki's main comparison theorem in Hodge–Arakelov theory states (roughly) that the space of polynomial functions of degree less than ''d'' on the universal extension of a smooth elliptic curve in characteristic 0 is naturally isomorphic (via restriction) to the ''d''2-dimensional space of functions on the ''d''- torsion points. It is called a 'comparison theorem' as it is an analogue for Arakelov theory of comparison theorems in cohomology relating de Rham cohomology to singular cohomology of complex varieties or étale cohomology of ''p''-adic varieties. In and he pointed out that arithmetic Kodaira–Spencer map and Gauss–Manin c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Todd Class
In mathematics, the Todd class is a certain construction now considered a part of the theory in algebraic topology of characteristic classes. The Todd class of a vector bundle can be defined by means of the theory of Chern classes, and is encountered where Chern classes exist — most notably in differential topology, the theory of complex manifolds and algebraic geometry. In rough terms, a Todd class acts like a reciprocal of a Chern class, or stands in relation to it as a conormal bundle does to a normal bundle. The Todd class plays a fundamental role in generalising the classical Riemann–Roch theorem to higher dimensions, in the Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem and the Grothendieck–Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem. History It is named for J. A. Todd, who introduced a special case of the concept in algebraic geometry in 1937, before the Chern classes were defined. The geometric idea involved is sometimes called the Todd-Eger class. The general definition in hig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chern Character
In mathematics, in particular in algebraic topology, differential geometry and algebraic geometry, the Chern classes are characteristic classes associated with complex vector bundles. They have since found applications in physics, Calabi–Yau manifolds, string theory, Chern–Simons theory, knot theory, Gromov–Witten invariants, topological quantum field theory, the Chern theorem etc. Chern classes were introduced by . Geometric approach Basic idea and motivation Chern classes are characteristic classes. They are topological invariants associated with vector bundles on a smooth manifold. The question of whether two ostensibly different vector bundles are the same can be quite hard to answer. The Chern classes provide a simple test: if the Chern classes of a pair of vector bundles do not agree, then the vector bundles are different. The converse, however, is not true. In topology, differential geometry, and algebraic geometry, it is often important to count how many li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Green's Function
In mathematics, a Green's function is the impulse response of an inhomogeneous linear differential operator defined on a domain with specified initial conditions or boundary conditions. This means that if \operatorname is the linear differential operator, then * the Green's function G is the solution of the equation \operatorname G = \delta, where \delta is Dirac's delta function; * the solution of the initial-value problem \operatorname y = f is the convolution (G \ast f). Through the superposition principle, given a linear ordinary differential equation (ODE), \operatorname y = f, one can first solve \operatorname G = \delta_s, for each , and realizing that, since the source is a sum of delta functions, the solution is a sum of Green's functions as well, by linearity of . Green's functions are named after the British mathematician George Green, who first developed the concept in the 1820s. In the modern study of linear partial differential equations, Green's functions are s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chern Class
In mathematics, in particular in algebraic topology, differential geometry and algebraic geometry, the Chern classes are characteristic classes associated with complex vector bundles. They have since found applications in physics, Calabi–Yau manifolds, string theory, Chern–Simons theory, knot theory, Gromov–Witten invariants, topological quantum field theory, the Chern theorem etc. Chern classes were introduced by . Geometric approach Basic idea and motivation Chern classes are characteristic classes. They are topological invariants associated with vector bundles on a smooth manifold. The question of whether two ostensibly different vector bundles are the same can be quite hard to answer. The Chern classes provide a simple test: if the Chern classes of a pair of vector bundles do not agree, then the vector bundles are different. The converse, however, is not true. In topology, differential geometry, and algebraic geometry, it is often important to count how many l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chow Ring
In algebraic geometry, the Chow groups (named after Wei-Liang Chow by ) of an algebraic variety over any field are algebro-geometric analogs of the homology of a topological space. The elements of the Chow group are formed out of subvarieties (so-called algebraic cycles) in a similar way to how simplicial or cellular homology groups are formed out of subcomplexes. When the variety is smooth, the Chow groups can be interpreted as cohomology groups (compare Poincaré duality) and have a multiplication called the intersection product. The Chow groups carry rich information about an algebraic variety, and they are correspondingly hard to compute in general. Rational equivalence and Chow groups For what follows, define a variety over a field k to be an integral scheme of finite type over k. For any scheme X of finite type over k, an algebraic cycle on X means a finite linear combination of subvarieties of X with integer coefficients. (Here and below, subvarieties are understood to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch Theorem
In mathematics, specifically in algebraic geometry, the Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch theorem is a far-reaching result on coherent cohomology. It is a generalisation of the Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem, about complex manifolds, which is itself a generalisation of the classical Riemann–Roch theorem for line bundles on compact Riemann surfaces. Riemann–Roch type theorems relate Euler characteristics of the cohomology of a vector bundle with their topological degrees, or more generally their characteristic classes in (co)homology or algebraic analogues thereof. The classical Riemann–Roch theorem does this for curves and line bundles, whereas the Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem generalises this to vector bundles over manifolds. The Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch theorem sets both theorems in a relative situation of a morphism between two manifolds (or more general schemes) and changes the theorem from a statement about a single bundle, to one applying to chain complex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christophe Soulé
Christophe Soulé (born 1951) is a French mathematician working in arithmetic geometry. Education Soulé started his studies in 1970 at École Normale Supérieure in Paris. He completed his Ph.D. at the University of Paris in 1979 under the supervision of Max Karoubi and Roger Godement, with a dissertation titled ''K-Théorie des anneaux d'entiers de corps de nombres et cohomologie étale''. Awards and recognition In 1979, he was awarded a CNRS Bronze Medal. He received the Prix J. Ponti in 1985 and the Prize Ampère in 1993. Since 2001, he is member of the French Academy of Sciences. In 1983, he was invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) in Warsaw. Publications * Christophe Soulé, with the collaboration of Dan Abramovich, Jean-François Burnol, and Jürg Kramer: ''Lectures on Arakelov Geometry.'' Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics 33. Cambridge University Press, 1992. , * Henri Gillet, Christophe Soulé: ''An arithmetic Riemann–Roch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
