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Architecture Of Urartu
The architecture of Urartu encompasses the construction methods, spatial organization, and urban planning of the Urartu, Urartian culture, an Iron Age civilization located in Anatolia and the Armenian highlands, Armenian Highlands. The Urartians are known for their fortresses, temples, and water management systems, which were integral to their administrative and military infrastructure. The fortress of Teishebaini, named after the Urartian god Theispas, Teisheba, serves as a notable example of their architectural practices. Urartian settlements were often situated near water sources and along trade routes, reflecting their emphasis on resource accessibility and economic stability.The study of Urartian architecture provides insights into the societal organization, political structure, and cultural practices of the Urartian civilization, as well as its interactions with neighboring regions in the ancient Near East. Prehistory The earliest constructions in the Armenian highlands d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teishebaini Reconstruction 01
Teishebaini (also Teshebani, modern Karmir Blur () referring more to the hill that the fortress is located upon) was the capital of the Transcaucasian provinces of the ancient kingdom of Urartu. It is located near the modern city of Yerevan in Armenia. The site was once a fortress and governmental centre with towered and buttressed perimeter walls, massive gates, a parade ground within its walls, and storage rooms that entirely occupied the ground floor. The site of the city, palace and citadel together measure over . The name ''Karmir Blur'' translates to "Red Hill" because of the hill's reddish hue. It became this color after the city was set on fire and the upper walls which were made of tuff fell and crumbled because of the heat. After the tuff was heated by the fire, it took on a more intense red color and therefore the hill became red. The lower portions of the walls were left standing after the fire since they were built with a stronger stone. Teishebaini is situated at a he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menhir
A menhir (; from Brittonic languages: ''maen'' or ''men'', "stone" and ''hir'' or ''hîr'', "long"), standing stone, orthostat, or lith is a large upright stone, emplaced in the ground by humans, typically dating from the European middle Bronze Age. They can be found individually as monoliths, or as part of a group of similar stones. Menhirs' size can vary considerably, but they often taper toward the top. Menhirs are found across Europe, Africa, and Asia, with a concentration in Western Europe, notably in Ireland, Great Britain, and Brittany. Theories concerning their purpose remain speculative, with hypotheses ranging from druidic rituals to territorial markers or elements of an ideological system. Some menhirs feature engravings, including anthropomorphic figures and symbols, and are often associated with ancient religious ceremonies and burial chambers. Etymology The word ''menhir'' was adopted from French by 19th-century archaeologists. The introduction of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Covering (construction)
In construction, covering is the exterior layer of a building's roof. The covering ensures waterproofing by directing and collecting rainwater. It also provides mechanical protection against various external elements such as dust and intrusions. Additionally, it must withstand static mechanical pressures from snow and dynamic forces from strong winds (pressure and uplift). Considered as the fifth Façade, facade of the building, it also contributes to the Aesthetics, aesthetic appeal and character of the structure. Functions The roof covering is the exterior part of the roof and does not contribute to the building's stability. It is designed to endure all weather conditions such as rain, snow, hail, and wind, as well as external environmental factors like marine environments and the weight of maintenance personnel. From the ridge to the drainage system, the roof covering directs rainwater by gravity and contributes to waterproofing. As a visible element from the outside, the ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
