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Araneoidea
Araneoidea is a taxon of araneomorph spiders, termed "araneoids", treated as a superfamily. As with many such groups, its circumscription has varied; in particular some families that had at one time moved to the Palpimanoidea have more recently been restored to Araneoidea. A 2014 treatment includes 18 families, with the araneoids making up about 26% of the total number of known spider species; a 2016 treatment includes essentially the same taxa, but now divided into 17 families. Taxonomy Many of the differences in circumscription concern the relationship between Araneoidea and Palpimanoidea. In 1984, Raymond R. Forster and Norman I. Platnick proposed that some groups previously considered araneoid actually belonged in the distantly related Palpimanoidea, including the families Holarchaeidae, Micropholcommatidae, Mimetidae and Pararchaeidae. Subsequent phylogenetic studies have rejected this proposal, firmly placing these four families in Araneoidea (some included in other famil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Araneidae
Orb-weaver spiders are members of the spider family Araneidae. They are the most common group of builders of spiral wheel-shaped webs often found in gardens, fields, and forests. The English word "orb" can mean "circular", hence the English name of the group. Araneids have eight similar eyes, hairy or spiny legs, and no stridulating organs. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, including many well-known large or brightly colored garden spiders. With 3,108 species in 186 genera worldwide, the Araneidae comprise the third-largest family of spiders (behind the Salticidae and Linyphiidae). Araneid webs are constructed in a stereotypical fashion, where a framework of nonsticky silk is built up before the spider adds a final spiral of silk covered in sticky droplets. Orb webs are also produced by members of other spider families. The long-jawed orb weavers (Tetragnathidae) were formerly included in the Araneidae; they are closely related, being part of the superfamily Araneo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palpimanoidea
The Palpimanoidea or palpimanoids, also known as assassin spiders, are a group of araneomorph spiders, originally treated as a superfamily. As with many such groups, its circumscription has varied. , the following five families were included: * Archaeidae * Huttoniidae * Mecysmaucheniidae * Palpimanidae * Stenochilidae Many palpimanoids specialize in preying on other spiders, hence the name "assassin spiders". They have various adaptations for catching prey, including enlarged spade-like front legs, and heads raised up on a "neck" with long chelicerae ("jaws"). Fossils suggest that the group was once widespread, but most species are now found in the Southern Hemisphere. Morphological studies support the monophyly of the group, although molecular studies have produced different results. Description Many palpimanoids, particularly members of the families Archaeidae, Huttoniidae and Stenochilidae, specialize in preying on other spiders, hence the description "assassin spiders". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physoglenidae
Physoglenidae is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Alexander Petrunkevitch in 1928 as a subfamily of Pholcidae. It was later moved to Synotaxidae until a study in 2016 showed that they formed a distinct clade. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *'' Calcarsynotaxus'' Wunderlich, 1995 — Australia *''Chileotaxus'' Platnick, 1990 — Chile *'' Mangua'' Forster, 1990 — New Zealand *''Meringa'' Forster, 1990 — New Zealand *'' Microsynotaxus'' Wunderlich, 2008 — Australia *''Nomaua'' Forster, 1990 — New Zealand *''Pahora'' Forster, 1990 — New Zealand *''Pahoroides'' Forster, 1990 — New Zealand *''Paratupua'' Platnick, 1990 — Australia *''Physoglenes'' Simon, 1904 — Chile *''Runga'' Forster, 1990 — New Zealand *'' Tupua'' Platnick, 1990 — Australia *''Zeatupua ''Zeatupua'' is a monotypic genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Physoglenidae containing the single species, ''Zeatupua forsteri''. It was first describ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae, spiders commonly known as sheet weavers (from the shape of their webs), or money spiders (in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and in Portugal, from the superstition that if such a spider is seen running on you, it has come to spin you new clothes, meaning financial good fortune) is a family of very small spiders comprising 4706 described species in 620 genera worldwide. This makes Linyphiidae the second largest family of spiders after the Salticidae. The family is poorly understood due to their small body size and wide distribution, new genera and species are still being discovered throughout the world. The newest such genus is ''Himalafurca'' from Nepal, formally described in April 2021 by Tanasevitch. Since it is so difficult to identify such tiny spiders, there are regular changes in taxonomy as species are combined or divided. * Money spiders are known for drifting through the air via a technique termed “ballooning”. * Within the agricult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synotaxidae
''Synotaxus'' is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Synotaxidae that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1895. Originally placed with the tangle web spiders, it was moved to the monotypic family Synotaxidae in 2017. Description Spiders in this genus have a long, green abdomen, which extends to varying degrees beyond the spinnerets. The carapace is wide and flat, and they have long, delicate legs with the first being the longest. The legs and body are both covered in long, fine setae. The posterior lateral spinnerets bear enlarged aggregate gland spigots, and the male pedipalp has a stout patellar spur. The palpal femur, patella and tibia bear strong, often greatly enlarged, macrosetae. Species it contains eleven species, found in South America, Panama, Costa Rica, and on Trinidad: * '' Synotaxus bonaldoi'' Santos & Rheims, 2005 – Brazil * '' Synotaxus brescoviti'' Santos & Rheims, 2005 – Brazil * '' Synotaxus ecuadorensis'' Exline, 1950 – Costa Ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyatholipidae
Cyatholipidae is a family of spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1894. Most live in moist montane forest, though several species, including ''Scharffia rossi'', live in dry savannah regions. They occur in Africa, including Madagascar, New Zealand and Australia, and one species (''Pokennips dentipes'') in Jamaica. Most members of this family hang beneath sheet webs. Fossil species occur in the Eocene aged Bitterfield and Baltic Ambers, suggesting a wider geographic distribution in the past. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *'' Alaranea'' Griswold, 1997 — Madagascar *''Buibui'' Griswold, 2001 — Africa *''Cyatholipus'' Simon, 1894 — South Africa *''Forstera'' Koçak & Kemal, 2008 — Australia *'' Hanea'' Forster, 1988 — New Zealand *''Ilisoa'' Griswold, 1987 — South Africa *''Isicabu'' Griswold, 1987 — Tanzania, South Africa *'' Kubwa'' Griswold, 2001 — Tanzania *''Lordhowea'' Griswold, 2001 — Australia *''Matilda'' Forster, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theridiidae
Theridiidae, also known as the tangle-web spiders, cobweb spiders and comb-footed spiders, is a large family of Araneomorphae, araneomorph spiders first described by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. This diverse, globally distributed family includes over 3,000 species in 124 genus, genera, and is the most common arthropod found in human dwellings throughout the world. Theridiid spiders are both Entelegynae, entelegyne, meaning that the females have a genital plate, and Cribellum, ecribellate, meaning that they spin sticky capture silk instead of woolly silk. They have a comb of serrated bristles (setae) on the Arthropod leg, tarsus of the fourth leg. The family includes some model organisms for research, including the List of medically significant spider bites, medically important Latrodectus, widow spiders. They are important to studies characterizing their venom and its clinical manifestation, but widow spiders are also used in research on spider silk and sexual biology, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pimoidae
Pimoidae is a small family of araneomorph spiders first described by J. Wunderlich in 1986. As re-circumscribed in 2021, it is monophyletic, and contained 85 species in two genera. It is closely related to the Linyphiidae, and is sometimes treated as synonymous with that family. The species ''Pimoa cthulhu'', described by Gustavo Hormiga in 1994, is named for Howard Phillips Lovecraft's mythological deity Cthulhu. Distribution The ancestors of the family are thought to have been widely distributed across the Palearctic, Nearctic and Sino-Japanese regions, but species now have a more fragmented distribution. Genera and species , the World Spider Catalog accepted the following genera and species: *'' Nanoa'' Hormiga, Buckle & Scharff, 2005 **'' Nanoa enana'' Hormiga, Buckle & Scharff, 2005 — USA *'' Pimoa'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943 — North America, Asia, Europe **'' Pimoa altioculata'' (Keyserling, 1886) – USA, Canada **'' Pimoa anatolica'' Hormiga, 1994 – China **'' P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symphytognathidae
Symphytognathidae is a family of spiders with 90 described species in eight genera. They occur in the tropics of Central and South America and the Australian region (with Oceania). Exceptions include '' Anapistula benoiti'', '' Anapistula caecula'', and '' Symphytognatha imbulunga'', found in Africa, ''Anapistula ishikawai'', found in Japan, and '' Anapistula jerai'', found in Southeast Asia. The species '' Patu digua'' is considered to be one of the smallest spiders in the world with a body size of . Morphology Symphytognathidae are four-eyed spiders and are generally small in size. The opisthosoma is covered in long hairs. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *''Anapistula'' Gertsch, 1941 — Asia, South America, Portugal, Oceania, Africa, North America, Jamaica *''Anapogonia'' Simon, 1905 — Indonesia *''Crassignatha'' Wunderlich, 1995 — Indonesia, Malaysia *''Curimagua'' Forster & Platnick, 1977 — Panama, Venezuela *''Globignatha'' Balogh & L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synaphridae
Synaphridae is a family of spiders with thirteen described species in three genera. It was first described as a subfamily of Anapidae, but it has since been raised to family status. Genera , the World Spider Catalog The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of ... accepts the following genera: *'' Africepheia'' Miller, 2007 — Madagascar *'' Cepheia'' Simon, 1894 — Southern Europe *'' Synaphris'' Simon, 1894 — Croatia, Asia, Madagascar See also * List of Synaphridae species References Araneomorphae families {{Synaphridae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mimetidae
Pirate spiders, members of the family Mimetidae, are araneomorph spiders which typically feed on other spiders. The family Mimetidae contains roughly 200 species divided among 12 genera, of which '' Mimetus'' and ''Ero'' are the most common. Mimetids are usually yellow and brown and are usually long. Mimetids can be recognized by the rows of spine-like hairs on their long front legs; the rows consist of a long spine, followed by a series of progressively shorter ones. Mimetidae usually hunt by picking at the strands on their prey's web to simulate the movements of either a trapped insect or a potential mate. When their prey comes to investigate, they are instead captured and eaten. Some mimetids have been observed to feed on insects as well. The spider-feeding habit presents problems in mating, and little is known about how the males court females to avoid being eaten. However, some male mimetids in the genus ''Gelanor'', found in South America, have enormously long appendag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mysmenidae
Mysmenidae is a spider family with about 135 described species in thirteen genera. The family is one of the least well known of the orb-weaving spiders because of their small size () and cryptic behaviour. These spiders are found in humid habitats such as among leaf litter and in caves. Distribution Species occur in the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe, New Guinea and several islands. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *''Brasilionata'' Wunderlich, 1995 — Brazil *'' Chanea'' Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 — China *''Gaoligonga'' Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 — Vietnam *''Isela'' Griswold, 1985 — Kenya, South Africa *''Maymena'' Gertsch, 1960 — North America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Central America, Peru *''Microdipoena'' Banks, 1895 — Africa, United States, Paraguay, Asia, Oceania *'' Mosu'' Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 — China *''Mysmena'' Simon, 1894 — Oceania, Asia, Caribbean, North America, Algeria, Spain, South America, Pana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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