Antonina (bug)
''Antonina'' is a genus of mealybugs in the family Pseudococcidae. There are at least three described species in ''Antonina''. Species * '' Antonina crawii'' Cockerell, 1900 * ''Antonina graminis ''Antonina graminis'' or Rhodes grass scale is a species of mealybug in the family Pseudococcidae. In the 1940s the species, originating in Asia, infested nearly 69 species fodder and turf grasses in Texas causing major economic loss. Classical ...'' (Maskell, 1897) * '' Antonina pretiosa'' Ferris, 1953 (noxious bamboo mealybug) References Further reading * * * * Sternorrhyncha genera Pseudococcidae {{Coccoidea-stub ...
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Mealybug
Mealybugs are insects in the family (biology), family Pseudococcidae, unarmored scale insects found in moist, warm habitats. Many species are considered pest (animal), pests as they feed on plant juices of greenhouse plants, house plants and subtropical trees and also act as a vector (epidemiology), vector for several plant diseases. Some ants live in symbiotic Ant#Relationships with other organisms, relationships with them, protecting them from predators and feeding off the Honeydew (secretion), honeydew which they excrete. Description Mealybugs are Sexual dimorphism, sexually dimorphic: females appear as nymphs, exhibiting reduced morphology, and lack wings, although unlike many female scale insects, they often retain legs and can move. Males are smaller, gnat-like and have wings. Since mealybugs (as well as all other Hemiptera) are hemimetabolous insects, they do not undergo complete metamorphosis in the true sense of the word. However, male mealybugs do exhibit a radical cha ...
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Pseudococcidae
Mealybugs are insects in the family Pseudococcidae, unarmored scale insects found in moist, warm habitats. Many species are considered pests as they feed on plant juices of greenhouse plants, house plants and subtropical trees and also act as a vector for several plant diseases. Some ants live in symbiotic relationships with them, protecting them from predators and feeding off the honeydew which they excrete. Description Mealybugs are sexually dimorphic: females appear as nymphs, exhibiting reduced morphology, and lack wings, although unlike many female scale insects, they often retain legs and can move. Males are smaller, gnat-like and have wings. Since mealybugs (as well as all other Hemiptera) are hemimetabolous insects, they do not undergo complete metamorphosis in the true sense of the word. However, male mealybugs do exhibit a radical change during their life cycle, changing from wingless, ovoid nymphs to wasp-like flying adults. Mealybug females feed on plant sap, nor ...
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Antonina Crawii
Antonina may refer to: Geography * Antonina, Paraná, a municipality in Brazil * Antonina, Bełchatów County, in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland * Antonina, Pajęczno County, in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland * Antonina, Poddębice County, in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland * Antonina, Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland Other uses * ''Antonina'' (bug), a genus of mealybugs * Antonina (name) * Antonina (wife of Belisarius) (c. 495–after 565), Byzantine patrikia and wife of the general Belisarius * ''Antonina'' (Tur novel), by Evgenia Tur * ''Antonina'' (Collins novel), an 1850 novel by Wilkie Collins See also * Antonia (other) * Antonine (name) Antonine is a Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian feminine given name that is a form of Antonina and a diminutive form of Antonia that is used in Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Greenland. It is also a masculine name. Notable people with this name include ...

Antonina Graminis
''Antonina graminis'' or Rhodes grass scale is a species of mealybug in the family Pseudococcidae. In the 1940s the species, originating in Asia, infested nearly 69 species fodder and turf grasses in Texas causing major economic loss. Classical biological control was made use of in the 1950s and 60s with nearly complete control achieved after the aerial introduction of a wingless encyrtid parasite from India, ''Neodusmetia sangwani ''Neodusmetia sangwani'' is an encyrtid parasitoid from India that was used in classical biological control of the Rhodesgrass Scale, '' Antonina graminis'' (Maskell) ( Pseudococcidae) which is a major pest of grasses outside of its native range ...''. By 1976 the control was a complete success and nearly 17 million USD was estimated as savings due to the parasite. References Further reading * * * * Insects described in 1897 Pseudococcidae {{Coccoidea-stub ...
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Antonina Pretiosa
Antonina may refer to: Geography * Antonina, Paraná, a municipality in Brazil * Antonina, Bełchatów County, in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland * Antonina, Pajęczno County, in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland * Antonina, Poddębice County, in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland * Antonina, Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland Other uses * ''Antonina'' (bug), a genus of mealybugs * Antonina (name) * Antonina (wife of Belisarius) (c. 495–after 565), Byzantine patrikia and wife of the general Belisarius * ''Antonina'' (Tur novel), by Evgenia Tur * ''Antonina'' (Collins novel), an 1850 novel by Wilkie Collins See also * Antonia (other) * Antonine (name) Antonine is a Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian feminine given name that is a form of Antonina and a diminutive form of Antonia that is used in Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Greenland. It is also a masculine name. Notable people with this name include ...

Sternorrhyncha Genera
The Sternorrhyncha suborder of the Hemiptera contains the aphids, whiteflies, and scale insects, groups which were traditionally included in the now-obsolete order "Homoptera". "Sternorrhyncha" refers to the rearward position of the mouthparts relative to the head. Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders, many considered pests feeding on major crops and ornamental plants. Many exhibit modified morphology and/or life cycles, including phenomena such as flightless morphs, parthenogenesis, sexual dimorphism, and eusociality. Phylogeny The phylogeny of the extant Sternorrhyncha, inferred from analysis of small subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA, is shown in the cladogram. The evolutionary position of several fossil taxa are unclear. A suggested phylogeny is: Groups Well-known groups in the Sternorrhyncha include: * aphids – (Aphididae) * woolly and gall-making aphids (Eriosomatinae) * pine and spruce aphids (Adelgidae) * phylloxerans (Phylloxeridae, i ...
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