Antonina Graminis

	Antonina Graminis ''Antonina graminis'' or Rhodes grass scale is a species of mealybug in the family Pseudococcidae. In the 1940s the species, originating in Asia, infested nearly 69 species fodder and turf grasses in Texas causing major economic loss. Classical biological control was made use of in the 1950s and 60s with nearly complete control achieved after the aerial introduction of a wingless encyrtid parasite from India, ''Neodusmetia sangwani ''Neodusmetia sangwani'' is an encyrtid parasitoid from India that was used in classical biological control of the Rhodesgrass Scale, '' Antonina graminis'' (Maskell) ( Pseudococcidae) which is a major pest of grasses outside of its native range ...''. By 1976 the control was a complete success and nearly 17 million USD was estimated as savings due to the parasite. References Further reading * * * * Insects described in 1897 Pseudococcidae {{Coccoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Mealybug Mealybugs are insects in the family (biology), family Pseudococcidae, unarmored scale insects found in moist, warm habitats. Many species are considered pest (animal), pests as they feed on plant juices of greenhouse plants, house plants and subtropical trees and also act as a vector (epidemiology), vector for several plant diseases. Some ants live in symbiotic Ant#Relationships with other organisms, relationships with them, protecting them from predators and feeding off the Honeydew (secretion), honeydew which they excrete. Description Mealybugs are Sexual dimorphism, sexually dimorphic: females appear as nymphs, exhibiting reduced morphology, and lack wings, although unlike many female scale insects, they often retain legs and can move. Males are smaller, gnat-like and have wings. Since mealybugs (as well as all other Hemiptera) are hemimetabolous insects, they do not undergo complete metamorphosis in the true sense of the word. However, male mealybugs do exhibit a radical cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pseudococcidae Mealybugs are insects in the family Pseudococcidae, unarmored scale insects found in moist, warm habitats. Many species are considered pests as they feed on plant juices of greenhouse plants, house plants and subtropical trees and also act as a vector for several plant diseases. Some ants live in symbiotic relationships with them, protecting them from predators and feeding off the honeydew which they excrete. Description Mealybugs are sexually dimorphic: females appear as nymphs, exhibiting reduced morphology, and lack wings, although unlike many female scale insects, they often retain legs and can move. Males are smaller, gnat-like and have wings. Since mealybugs (as well as all other Hemiptera) are hemimetabolous insects, they do not undergo complete metamorphosis in the true sense of the word. However, male mealybugs do exhibit a radical change during their life cycle, changing from wingless, ovoid nymphs to wasp-like flying adults. Mealybug females feed on plant sap, nor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Neodusmetia Sangwani ''Neodusmetia sangwani'' is an encyrtid parasitoid from India that was used in classical biological control of the Rhodesgrass Scale, ''Antonina graminis'' (Maskell) (Pseudococcidae) which is a major pest of grasses outside of its native range in Asia. The parasitoid was successfully controlled the scale infestation in Texas in the 1950s and 60s. It is considered among the most successful examples of classical biological control. The species was first described by the Indian entomologist B. R. Subba Rao in 1957. The type was obtained from ''Antonina graminis'' in Hessarghatta, Bangalore by H.S. Sangwan after whom the species is named. The species completes one generation in about 20 days at 30 °C and about 50 to 60 days at 20 °C. The females are wingless, and short-lived while males have wings. In the two days lifespan, females lay about 6 eggs inside about 5 host scales. The control of rhodesgrass scale in Texas in the 1960s is considered one of the success stories ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Insects Described In 1897 Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body ( head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. Their blood is not totally contained in vessels; some circulates in an open cavity known as the haemocoel. Insects are the most diverse group of animals; they include more than a million described species and represent more than half of all known living organisms. The total number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million; In: potentially over 90% of the animal life forms on Earth are insects. Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, which are dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans, which recent research has indicated insects are nested within. Nearly all insects hatch from eggs. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]