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Anticipation (animation)
Anticipation is one of the fundamental 12 basic principles of animation, as set out by Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston in their authoritative 1981 book on the Disney Studio titled ''The Illusion of Life''. An anticipation pose or drawing is a preparation for the main action of an animated scene, as distinct from the action and the reaction. Definition "Early on at the Disney Studio the animators learned that audiences" could not easily follow the animation unless there was a "planned series of events" leading the eye.Johnston & Thomas, p.51 Therefore, in order to prepare the audience for an action, the animators would add a so-called anticipation drawing, allowing the audience to anticipate the main action in the scene. This would also help to make the action appear more realistic. For example, a man preparing to run fast would crouch down, "gathering like a spring" for the main action. This is called the anticipation for the main action. Equally, a golfer making a swing has to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baseball Pitching Motion 2004
Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. The game occurs over the course of several plays, with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding team, called the pitcher, throws a ball that a player on the batting team, called the batter, tries to hit with a bat. The objective of the offensive team (batting team) is to hit the ball into the field of play, away from the other team's players, allowing its players to run the bases, having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called " runs". The objective of the defensive team (referred to as the fielding team) is to prevent batters from becoming runners, and to prevent runners' advance around the bases. A run is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate (the place where the player started as a batter). The principal objective of the batting team is to have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12 Basic Principles Of Animation
Disney's twelve basic principles of animation were introduced by the Disney animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas in their 1981 book '' The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation''. The principles are based on the work of Disney animators from the 1930s onwards, in their quest to produce more realistic animation. The main purpose of these principles was to produce an illusion that cartoon characters adhered to the basic laws of physics, but they also dealt with more abstract issues, such as emotional timing and character appeal. The book has been referred to by some as the "Bible of animation", and some of its principles have been adopted by traditional studios. In 1999, ''The Illusion of Life'' was voted the number one "best animation book ..of all time" in an online poll done by Animation World Network. While originally intended to apply to traditional, hand-drawn animation, the principles still have great relevance for today's more prevalent computer animation. The 12 pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank Thomas (animator)
Franklin Rosborough Thomas (September 5, 1912 – September 8, 2004) was an American animator and pianist. He was one of Walt Disney's leading team of animators known as the Nine Old Men. Biography Thomas was born on September 5, 1912 in Santa Monica, California to Frank Thomas, a teacher, and Ina Gregg. He had two older brothers, Lawrence and Welburne. He grew up in Fresno. Frank Thomas attended Stanford University, where he was a member of Theta Delta Chi fraternity and worked on campus humor magazine ''The Stanford Chaparral'' with Ollie Johnston. After graduating from Stanford in 1933, he attended Chouinard Art Institute, then joined The Walt Disney Company on September 24, 1934, as employee number 224. There he animated dozens of feature films and shorts, and also was a member of the Dixieland band Firehouse Five Plus Two, playing the piano. Career His work in animated cartoon shorts included ''Brave Little Tailor'', in which he animated scenes of Mickey Mouse and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ollie Johnston
Oliver Martin Johnston Jr. (October 31, 1912 – April 14, 2008) was an American motion picture animator. He was one of Disney's Nine Old Men, and the last surviving at the time of his death from natural causes. He was recognized by The Walt Disney Company with its Disney Legend Award in 1989. His work was recognized with the National Medal of Arts in 2005. Career Johnston was an animator at Walt Disney Studios from 1934 to 1978, and became a directing animator beginning with ''Pinocchio'', released in 1940. He contributed to most Disney animated features, including ''Fantasia'' and ''Bambi''. His last full work for Disney came with ''The Rescuers'', in which he was caricatured as one of the film's characters, the cat Rufus. The last film he worked on was ''The Fox and the Hound''. His work includes Mr. Smee (in ''Peter Pan''), the Stepsisters (in ''Cinderella''), the District Attorney (in ''The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad''), and Prince John (in ''Robin Hood''). Acco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Illinois At Chicago
The University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) is a Public university, public research university in Chicago, Illinois. Its campus is in the Near West Side, Chicago, Near West Side community area, adjacent to the Chicago Loop. The second campus established under the University of Illinois system, UIC is also the largest university in the Chicago metropolitan area, having more than 33,000 students enrolled in 16 colleges. It is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity." The roots of UIC can be traced to the establishment of the Chicago College of Pharmacy in 1859, which was joined in the 1800s by additional medical related schools. It began an undergraduate program toward the end of World War II, and developed its West side campus in the 1960s. In 1982, it consolidated the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle and the University of Illinois at the Medical Center into the present universi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Les Clark
Leslie James "Les" Clark (November 17, 1907 - September 12, 1979) was an American animator and the first of Disney's Nine Old Men. Joining Disney in 1927, he was the only one to work on the origins of Mickey Mouse with Ub Iwerks. Early life Les Clark was born in Ogden, Utah in 1907, the eldest of 12 children to James Clark, a carpenter,1910 United States Federal Census and Lute Wadsworth. By 1910, the family lived in Salt Lake City and by 1920, they lived in Twin Falls, Idaho. By 1930, they lived in Los Angeles, where Les attended Venice High School. During high school, he worked a summer job at an ice cream shop near Walt Disney Studios in Hollywood. Walt and Roy Disney were frequent patrons at the shop, and Walt had once complimented Les on his lettering job of the menus. Eventually, Les got the courage to ask Walt for a job. He recalled Walt's reply: ...alt said'Bring some of your drawings in and let's see what they look like.' So, I copied some cartoons and showed them t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nine Old Men
Disney's Nine Old Men were Walt Disney Productions' core animators, some of whom later became directors, who created some of Disney's most famous animated cartoons, from '' Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' (1937) onward to ''The Rescuers'' (1977), and were referred to as such by Walt Disney himself. They worked in both short films and feature films. Disney delegated more and more tasks to them in the animation department in the early 1950s when their interests expanded and diversified their scope. Eric Larson was the last to retire from Disney, after his role as animation consultant on ''The Great Mouse Detective'' in 1986. All members of the group are deceased, and are acknowledged as Disney Legends. History The nine were all hired by Disney in the 1920s and 1930s, working initially on Disney's shorter productions, and later on theatrical projects. All nine were present by the release of '' Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' (1937). According to researcher Neal Gabler and anim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Illusion Of Life
''Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life'' (later republished as ''The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation'') is a book by Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston, two of the key animators at Disney during the Golden age of American animation. Contents This book gives a history of Disney animation, explaining the processes involved in clear, non-technical terms. The philosophy is expressed in the so-called 12 basic principles of animation. It contains 489 plates in full color, as well as thousands of black-and-white illustrations, ranging from storyboard sketches to entire animation sequences. Editions The 1981 edition published by Abbeville Press () used better quality paper and consequently possessed higher image quality than either the 1988 edition or the revised edition from 1995 () (published by Disney's Hyperion with the inverted title ''The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation''.) Legacy Topping the list of "best animation books of all time" in a poll at AWN, ''The Illusion of L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Follow Through And Overlapping Action
Follow through and overlapping action is a general heading for two closely related animation techniques which form part of the 12 basic principles of animation identified by Disney animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston in their authoritative 1981 book on Disney animation, ''The Illusion of Life''. The term ''drag'' is sometimes included to form three separate but related concepts in the art of animation. Definition Follow through and overlapping action are closely related techniques which, when applied to animation, can help to render movement more realistically by more closely obeying the laws of physics. At the Disney Studio, Walt Disney was eager to push his animators to improve their work and develop their skills. He told them: :"Things don't come to a stop all at once guys; first there's one part and then another"Thomas and Johnston, p.59 The animators, keen to make their work feel more convincing, developed the concepts of "Follow Through" and "Overlapping Action", though ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squash And Stretch
Squash and stretch is the phrase used to describe "by far the most important" of the 12 basic principles of animation, described in the book ''The Illusion of Life'' by Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston. Basis The principle is based on observation that only stiff objects remain inert during motion, while objects that are not stiff, although retaining overall volume, tend to change shape in an extent that depends on inertia and elasticity of the different parts of the moving object. To illustrate the principle, a half-filled flour sack dropped on the floor, or stretched out by its corners, was shown to be retaining its overall volume as determined by the object's Poisson's ratio. Examples of the elasticity of the human body in motion were found in photographs the animators found in newspaper sports pages. Using these poses as reference the animators were able to start "observing (the motion) in a new way". Author Walt Stanchfield said, "A simple shape plus squash and stretch are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animation Techniques
Animation is a method by which still figures are manipulated to appear as moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film. Today, most animations are made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). Computer animation can be very detailed 3D animation, while 2D computer animation (which may have the look of traditional animation) can be used for stylistic reasons, low bandwidth, or faster real-time renderings. Other common animation methods apply a stop motion technique to two- and three-dimensional objects like paper cutouts, puppets, or clay figures. A cartoon is an animated film, usually a short film, featuring an exaggerated visual style. The style takes inspiration from comic strips, often featuring anthropomorphic animals, superheroes, or the adventures of human protagonists. Especially with animals that form a natural predator/prey relationship (e.g. cats and mice, coyo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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