|
Anjoman-e Safakhaneh
Anjoman-e Safakhaneh was situated in Isfahan's Julfa area (Isfahan Armenian neighborhood) located south of Isfahan. This location has been the site of religious debate. It was founded by Agha Najafi Esfahani and Haj Aqa Nourollah Najafi Isfahani in 1902. The Christian missionaries and representatives of the Muslims used to discuss there. This place was one of the first centers of conversation between religions and cultures. Anjoman-e Safakhaneh is considered by some to be one of the first structured places designed for the discussion of religion. Haj Agha Nurollah Najafi, a prominent and influential cleric of Isfahan's constitution ordered its construction in the years before the Persian Constitutional Revolution in the Jolfa neighborhood of Isfahan to counter Christian propaganda against Islam at that time. Anjoman-e Safakhaneh was a safe place for scientific, rational, and religious debate. It offered discussion without insult. History Christian missionaries who had travel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haj Aqa Nourollah
Haj Aqa Nourollah (Persian language, Persian: نورالله نجفی اصفهانی) was a political leader in the Persian Constitutional Revolution. Biography Haj Aqa Nourollah was the son of Ayatollah Shekh Mohammad Baqer Najafi–the author of ''Hedayat Al-Mosttahsredin''. Haj Aqa Nourollah's grandmother was the late Ayatollah Sheikh Mohammaed Jafar Kashef Al-qeta’s daughter who was one of the descendants of Malek-e Ashtar Nakhai, the commander of Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib. He was born in 1859. After finishing his education in Islamic science, he became a ''mujtahid'' (clergyman practicing religious jurisprudence). He believed that the main problem of Iran during Qajar period was the Russian and English interventions in Iran affairs as well as the king's and oppressors’ tyranny. Nouroullah along with his brother, the late Ayatollah Shekikh Mohammad Taqi Najafi was entitled to ''Aqa Najafi.'' He struggled in Isfahan for half a century over the “tobacco boycott movement” ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muslim
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abraham (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the main Islamic prophet. The majority of Muslims also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad ('' sunnah'') as recorded in traditional accounts (''hadith''). With an estimated population of almost 1.9 billion followers as of 2020 year estimation, Muslims comprise more than 24.9% of the world's total population. In descending order, the percentage of people who identify as Muslims on each continental landmass stands at: 45% of Africa, 25% of Asia and Oceania (collectively), 6% of Europe, and 1% of the Americas. Additionally, in subdivided geographical regions, the figure stands at: 91% of the Middle East–North Africa, 90% of Central Asia, 65% of the Caucasus, 42% of Southeast As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society Of Humanity
Society of Humanity ( fa, جامع آدمیت, Jāmeʿ-e Ādamīyat) was a pseudo-Masonic group in Persia, active from 1904 to 1908. Inspired by the radical positivism of Saint Simon and the liberal humanism Humanism is a philosophy, philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential and Agency (philosophy), agency of Human, human beings. It considers human beings the starting point for serious moral and philosophical in ... of Auguste Comte, it played an important role in the Persian Constitutional Revolution. References Persian Constitutional Revolution 1904 establishments in Iran 1908 disestablishments in Iran {{iran-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shabnameh
A night letter is an unsigned leaflet distributed clandestinely. Afghanistan Night letters have been a tactic employed by the Taliban and other extremist groups in Afghanistan to intimidate supporters of secular government and education. Iran There is a history of ''shabnameh'' ("night letters") in Iran. Shabnameh were widely distributed in the 20th century in Iran over the course of several revolutionary movements. Israel In the late 1970s, Israeli peace activists belonging to the Shelly Party The Left Camp of Israel ( he, מחנה שמאל לישראל, ''Maḥaneh Smol LeYisrael'') was a left-wing political party in Israel. It was also known as Sheli ( he, של"י), an acronym for "Peace for Israel" ( he, שלום לישראל, ''Sha ..., a small left-wing party then holding two seats in the Knesset, distributed numerous such night letters in the postboxes of Tel Aviv houses. The leaflets contained eye-witness testimonies on severe human rights violations committed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secret Society (Persia)
The Secret Society ( fa, انجمن مخفی, Anǰoman-e Maḵfī) was a politically active secret society in Persia, founded in 1904. It played an important role in the Persian Constitutional Revolution. Contarary to allied organizations such as the Revolutionary Committee, the Society of Humanity, the Social Democratic Party The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology. Active parties For ..., and the Secret Center which were organized by the modern intelligentsia, it drew its members predominantly from the traditional middle class. References Persian Constitutional Revolution 1904 establishments in Iran {{iran-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secret Center
Secret Center ( fa, مرکز غیبی, Markaz-e ḡāybī) was a revolutionary organization established in October 1906. Based in Tabriz, it played an important role in the Persian Constitutional Revolution. It had close ties to the Social Democratic Party The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology. Active parties Fo .... References Bibliography * * Persian Constitutional Revolution 1906 establishments in Iran {{iran-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recapture Of Isfahan
The Recapture of Isfahan was a battle of the Persian Constitutional Revolution which saw the arrival of Mujahideen Bakhtiari forces in Isfahan Isfahan ( fa, اصفهان, Esfahân ), from its Achaemenid empire, ancient designation ''Aspadana'' and, later, ''Spahan'' in Sassanian Empire, middle Persian, rendered in English as ''Ispahan'', is a major city in the Greater Isfahan Regio ... in early 1909. موسی نجفی، اندیشه سیاسی و تاریخ نهضت حاج آقانورالله اصفهانی، موسسه مطالعات تاریخ معاصر ایران، صفحهٔ ۴۱ References {{Reflist Persian Constitutional Revolution 1909 in Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Committee (Persia)
The Revolutionary Committee ( fa, کمیته انقلابی, Komīte-ye enqelābī) was a radical revolutionary organization in Persia, founded in 1904. It played an important role in the Persian Constitutional Revolution The Persian Constitutional Revolution ( fa, مشروطیت, Mashrūtiyyat, or ''Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh''), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911. The revolution led to the establishment of a par .... References Persian Constitutional Revolution 1904 establishments in Iran {{iran-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moqim Va Mosafer
Mokalemate Moqim va Mosafer (, fa, رساله مقیم و مسافر) is a political treatise by Noorollah Najafi Isfahani. The treatise was published in Isfahan in July 1909. , language=fa , author= Musa Najafi , publisher=Institute for Iranian Contemporary Historical Studies , year=1999 , edition=2nd , page=328 , quote=The full text of the book ''Moqim va Mosafer'' is in this book. This treatise was written in the years between the first and the second Persian Constitutional Revolution. In this treatise, the author presents an Islamic version of the constitutional political system. The treatise ''Moqim va Mosafer'', which was written in constitutional history, took a prominent place in its political treatises and explored the concept of constitutional jurisprudence with the idea of a "powerful government". The treatise ''Moqim va Mosafer'' proved by the powerful principle that injustice of the constitutional state are less than monarchy and almost controllable; yet it bel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mokhadarat Vatan Association
Mokhadarat Vatan Association ( fa, انجمن مخدرات وطن) was a feminist society that was formed in 1910 during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and the national movements happening in the 1900s. The aim of this association was to organize various activities for Iranian independence from the sovereignty of foreign countries. The members of the association were active in the meetings and demonstrations of the constitutional movement. They also wrote protest letters to the Russian Government about their imperialist actions. Eliz Sanasarian pages. 62-63 History During the Constitutional Revolution, many secret and semi-congressional associations in Iran were established. Many women's associations were also secretly formed in the constitutional movement. (Later, in the years following the governmental assembly and in World War II, associations were set up that focused on women's rights).آفاری، ژانت Mokhadarat Vatan Association and similar organizations held ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Revolution's Associations
The associations of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution ( fa, انجمنهای جنبش مشروطه) are a number of political and state communities that not only were the official initiators of the civil society participation in Iran but, also played a key role in the victory of the Constitutional Revolution and the formation of subsequent parties. Introduction At the end of the Naser al-Din Shah Qajar period and in the early days of Mozaffar ad-Din Shah's rule, a number of intellectuals and a group of government agents associated with the European countries, who considered Iran's political and social outcomes in the absence of law and respect for individual freedoms, gradually began to rumor and talk about reforms. The reform was based on three amendments of law, civil law, reforming the court system, and preventing foreign intervention. Primary core Perhaps we can recognize Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī as one of the forerunners of the popular reformist cam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Society
The Central Society ( fa, انجمن مرکزی, Anjoman-e markazi) was an influential federation of more than 140 pro-Constitutional Revolution associations and organizations in Persia, based in Tehran. It was able to organize general strikes in ''bazaar A bazaar () or souk (; also transliterated as souq) is a marketplace consisting of multiple small Market stall, stalls or shops, especially in the Middle East, the Balkans, North Africa and India. However, temporary open markets elsewhere, suc ...'', mobilize over 50,000 demonstrators and 3,000 armed volunteers to defend the Majlis of Iran. References Persian Constitutional Revolution {{iran-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
