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Amarna Letter EA 366
Amarna letter EA 366 is from the king of Gath to the king of Egypt. The letter reports of the king having smote down the uprising of the Habiru. The letter begins with an address which is thought typical of the usual beginning of reportage of intelligence.Raymond Cohen, Raymond Westbrook Amarna Diplomacy: The Beginnings of International Relations (''Intelligence in the Amarna Letters'' - p.91)JHU Press, 18 Sep 2002, 328 pages, etrieved 2015-07-03/ref> The Habiru/ 'Apiru The mention of the Habiru shows the conflict of the time, as the takeover of city-states or regions by the Habiru. The map shows various cities and regions, and their respective dealings with the Habiru. (There are only 3 letters from Labaya of Šakmu/ Shechem.) The next closest mention of the Habiru is from the Jerusalem letters of Abdi-Heba, directly south at Jerusalem, letters EA 286, 287, 288, 289, and EA 290. Spellings for ''Habiru'' in the Amarna letters * EA 100, l. 26— KUR,.. ša ìl- q ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gath (city)
Gath or Gat ( he, גַּת, translit=Gaṯ, lit=wine press; la, Geth, Philistine: 𐤂𐤕 *''Gīt''), often referred to as Gath of the Philistines, was a major Philistine city and one of the five Philistine city-states during the Iron Age. It was located in northeastern Philistia, close to the border with Judah. Gath is often mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and its existence is confirmed by Egyptian inscriptions. Already of significance during the Bronze Age, the city is believed to be mentioned in the El-Amarna letters as Gimti/Gintu, ruled by the two Shuwardata and 'Abdi-Ashtarti. Another Gath, known as Ginti-kirmil (Gath of Carmel) also appears in the Amarna letters.Naʼaman, Nadav (2005), p207/ref> The site most favored as the location of Gath is the archaeological mound or tell known as Tell es-Safi in Arabic and Tel Zafit in Hebrew (sometimes written Tel Tzafit), located inside Tel Zafit National Park, but a stone inscription disclosing the name of the city has yet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ša (cuneiform)
The cuneiform ša sign is a common, multi-use sign, a syllabic for ''ša'', and an alphabetic sign used for ''š'', or ''a''; it is common in both the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' over hundreds of years, and the 1350 BC Amarna letters. Besides ''ša'' usage in word components of verbs, nouns, etc., it has a major usage between words. In Akkadian, for English language ''"who"'', it is an interrogative pronoun; in the Akkadian language as ''ša'', (as "that", "what"; ("that (of)", "which (of)"), in English it used for ''who, what, which, etc.''. Ša, and Ka, the stroke differences The difference in the construction of the signs ''ka'' and ''ša'' are as follows: "ka" when scribed in the Amarna letters often shows the distinctiveness of the right section of the sign, versus the left section. For ''ša'', the right section is constructed with two wedge strokes (one scribed above the other), between the two verticals, at right. For ''ka'', the right side mostly, in the Amarna letters ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 299
Amarna letter EA 299, titled: ''"A Plea for Help"'', is a fairly short clay tablet Amarna letter from ''"governor"'' Yapahu of city-state Gazru. The clay tablet surface has been partially eroded, but the cuneiform is still mostly legible. The tablet is medium in color (lt tan—medium lt chocolate: (see here) and is about 12 cm tall, and a wide tablet, about 8.5 cm. The tablet is located in the British Museum, no. 29832. The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1360 BC and 30–35 years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters. The letter EA 299: ''"A Plea for Help"'' EA 299, letter number three of four from Yapahu of Gazru. (Not a linear, line-by-line translation.) ''Obverse'' (See here (or High Def :Paragraph I :(Lines 1-11)—To the king, my lor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ri (cuneiform)
300px, left, Cuneiform sign for ri, re, dal, tal, ṭal, and as Epic_of_Gilgamesh.html"_;"title="Sumerogram_RI,_(sign_uses_from_the_''Epic_of_Gilgamesh">Sumerogram_RI,_(sign_uses_from_the_''Epic_of_Gilgamesh''). File:Amarna_letter_mp3h8878.jpg.html" ;"title="Epic_of_Gilgamesh'')..html" ;"title="Epic_of_Gilgamesh.html" ;"title="Sumerogram RI, (sign uses from the '' Sumerogram_RI,_(sign_uses_from_the_''Epic_of_Gilgamesh'').">Epic_of_Gilgamesh.html"_;"title="Sumerogram_RI,_(sign_uses_from_the_''Epic_of_Gilgamesh">Sumerogram_RI,_(sign_uses_from_the_''Epic_of_Gilgamesh''). File:Amarna_letter_mp3h8878.jpg">thumb.html" ;"title="Epic of Gilgamesh">Sumerogram RI, (sign uses from the '' Epic_of_Gilgamesh.html"_;"title="Sumerogram_RI,_(sign_uses_from_the_''Epic_of_Gilgamesh">Sumerogram_RI,_(sign_uses_from_the_''Epic_of_Gilgamesh''). File:Amarna_letter_mp3h8878.jpg">thumb">right.html" ;"title="Epic of Gilgamesh'').">Epic_of_Gilgamesh.html" ;"title="Sumerogram RI, (sign uses from the ''Epic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pí (cuneiform)
The cuneiform bi sign, also pí, and used for other syllabic forms, as well as a sumerogram, is a common use syllabic and alphabetic cuneiform sign used in both the mid-14th century BC Amarna letters and the ''Epic of Gilgamesh''. In the Amarna letters, it is sometimes used for the spelling of the archers (Egyptian pitati), 'pí-t(x)-t(x)', an often requested need from the Pharaoh in the vassal state sub-corpus of the letters. As a sumerogram, (capital letter (majuscule)), sign ''bi'' is used for KAŠ, Akkadian language for "šikāru", ''beer''. The following linguistic elements for ''bi'' are used in the Epic: :bé :bi :gaš :kaš :pí :KAŠ, sumerogram: "beer" The ''bi'' sign's usage numbers in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' are as follows: ''bé''-(25 times), ''bi''-(190), ''gaš''-(1), ''kaš''-(12), ''pí''-(2), KAŠ-(1). Amarna letters usage Use of ''pí'', Egyptian archers The archers were part of the Egyptian army, and often requested by the Canaanite vassal city-sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ha (cuneiform)
The cuneiform ha sign comes in two common varieties in the 1350 BC Amarna letters. It is also found in the large 12-chapter (Tablets I-XII) work of the ''Epic of Gilgamesh''. Cuneiform ''ha'' is used as a syllabic for ''ha'', and an alphabetic for ''h'', or ''a''; from the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' it also has two sumerogramic uses (capital letter (majuscule)), for HA (Akkadian language ''zittu'', for "share"), and KU6, for ''nūnu'', "fish". The digitized version of ''ha'' has 4, short vertical strokes, 2-pairs-of-2, in a square; it is ligatured at the right, typically with a large, or medium-large sized wedge-stroke. The 2nd type of cuneiform ''ha'' is consistent as: 2-verticals, with a wedge between, and a (typical) large wedge ligatured at right; (thus both types contain the wedge at the right). Type I of the sign with four short vertical strokes , (1-pair, above another pair), is the za (cuneiform) sign, which is used for linguistic items like: ''ṣa, za, ZA'', ZA being a sume ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 271
Amarna letter EA 271, titled: ''"The Power of the 'Apiru,"'' is a moderately short, tallish, rectangular clay tablet letter, approximately 3 in wide x 4 in tall, from Milkilu the mayor/ruler of Gazru (Gezer), of the mid 14th century BC Amarna letters. The Canaanite city-states were visited by the scribes, with short 'status reports' sent to the Pharaoh (King) reporting on city or regional accounts, for example the troubles with the habiru, or other external affairs. Many of the Canaanite letters are short, with some nearly identical phraseology of words, as well as the layout of the individual clay tablet letters. Milkilu authored EA 268 through EA 271. Amarna letter EA 270-(29 lines) is nearly identical in shape to EA 271-(27 lines), with the beginning lines of the obverse, nearly identical in wording, and spacing. The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 20–25 years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tu (cuneiform)
The cuneiform sign tu, and for TU-(the Sumerogram, capital letter (majuscule), in the Hittite language and other cuneiform texts, is a common-use syllabic sign for ''tu'', and also with a syllabic use for ''"t"'', or ''"u"''. It is not a multi-use sign, with other alphabetic sub-varieties. The Sumerian-language version is similar to the usage in the Amarna letters, with the three horizontal strokes connecting the four angled wedges on the left, and connected to the vertical horizontal single stroke, at right. Varieties exist: for example, Amarna letter EA 271 shows four horizontal long strokes, with two short strokes, between the two long ones, (see here, 2nd line from bottom (tablet Obverse) The Hittite language version of ''tu'', (and ideogram ''TU'') is identical in common form to the Sumerian. The composition of the sign is effectively the four-wedge strokes at left, (being še (cuneiform)) connected to the rest of the cuneiform sign. Cuneiform še is also a common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iš (cuneiform)
The cuneiform sign iš is a common use sign in the Amarna letters and the ''Epic of Gilgamesh.'' It is used syllabically for ''iš''; also for ''mel'', ''mil'', and a Sumerogramic usage for ''IŠ'' (Epic of Gilgamesh). Alphabetically as "iš", its most common usage, it can be used for "i" or "š". In Akkadian, the four vowels ''a, e, i, o'', are all interchangeable, and the three different "s", can also be interchanged: ''s, ṣ, š''. ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' use For the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', the following usage is found in Tablets I-XII: ''iš''-(134 times); ''mel''-(1); ''mil''-(8); IŠ-(18 times). Some common uses of "iš" in the Amarna letters One of the most common uses of "iš" in the Amarna letters, is the use of the Akkadian language word ''"ištu"'', which means "from", ("since"), in the English language. In the ''vassal city-state'' letters, in dialogue with the Pharaoh-in-Egypt, there is often mention of having listened to the correspondence – "words of the ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaz (cuneiform)
Gaz may refer to: Geography * Gaz, Kyrgyzstan Iran * Gaz, Darmian, village in South Khorasan province * Gaz, Golestan, a village in Bandar-e Gaz County * Gaz, Hormozgan, a village in Minab County * Gaz, Kerman, a village * Gaz, North Khorasan, a village * Gaz, Ravar, a village in Kerman province * Gaz, Sarbisheh, village in South Khorasan province * Gaz, Semnan, a village in Damghan County * Gaz-e Borkhar, a city in Isfahan province * Gaz-e Gharbi, a village in Bandar-e Gaz County, Golestan province * Gaz-e Lang, a village in Anbarabad County, Kerman province *Bandar-e-gaz County, Golestan province People Given name *Gaz Beadle (born 1988), TV actor in ''Geordie Shore'' *Gaz Coombes (born 1976), in the band Supergrass * Gaz Liddon, British games reviewer Stage name *Gaz, former drummer of Malice Mizer and Baiser Surname *Mohammad Al Gaz, UAE businessman Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional characters * Gaz (''Call of Duty 4''), SAS soldier in the 2007 video game * Kyle " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
