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Amarna Letter EA 3
Amarna Letter EA3 is a letter of correspondence between Nimu'wareya, this being the ruler of Egypt, Amenḥotep III, and Kadašman-Enlil, the king of Babylon. In the Moran translation, the letter is given the cursory or synoptic title ''Marriage, grumblings, a palace opening''. The letter is part of a series of correspondences from Babylonia to Egypt, which run from EA2 to EA4 and EA6 to EA14. EA1 and EA5 are from Egypt to Babylonia.W.L.Moran (edited and translated) The Amarna Letters (p.xvi)published by the Johns Hopkins University Press - Baltimore, London (Brown University) etrieved 2015-07-09/ref> The contents of the letter is as follows: ---- ---- ---- ---- See also *Chronology of the ancient Near East *Amarna letters: EA 1, EA 2 Electronic Arts Inc. (EA) is an American video game company headquartered in Redwood City, California. Founded in May 1982 by Apple employee Trip Hawkins, the company was a pioneer of the early home computer game industry and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplomatic Correspondence
Diplomatic correspondence is correspondence between one state and another and is usually of a formal character. It follows several widely observed customs and style in composition, substance, presentation, and delivery and can generally be categorized into letters and notes. Letters Letters are correspondence between head of state, heads of state, typically used for the appointment and recall of ambassadors; for the announcement of the Demise of the Crown, death of a sovereign or an accession to the throne; or for expressions of congratulations or condolence. Letters between two monarchs of equal rank will typically begin with the salutation "Sir My Brother" (or "Madame My Sister", in the case of a female monarch) and close with the valediction "Your Good Brother" (or Sister, in the case of a female monarch). In the case where one monarch is of inferior rank to the other (for instance, if the Grand Duke of Luxembourg were to correspond with the King of the United Kingdom), the inf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 1
The Amarna letter EA1 is part of an archive of clay tablets containing the diplomatic correspondence between Egypt and other Near Eastern rulers during the reign of Pharaoh Akhenaten, his predecessor Amenhotep III and his successors. These tablets were discovered in el-Amarna and are therefore known as the Amarna letters. All of the tablets are inscribed with cuneiform writing. The letters EA1 to EA14 contain the correspondence between Egypt and Babylonia. Only two of them, EA1 and EA5, were sent from Egypt to Babylonia. The other twelve were written by Babylonians. The letter The letter, also titled ''The Pharaoh complains to the Babylonian King'', was written by the Pharaoh Amenhotep III to the King Kadašman-Enlil I. The tablet itself is made of Marl found near Esna. Transliterations and translations were made by Rainey (1989-1990 and 1995 to 1996) and Cochavi-Rainey (1993) and translations were made by Moran (1992) and Liverani (1999). Translation The letter includes the i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 10
Amarna Letter EA10 (see here is the letter of the Amarna series of diplomatic correspondence designated EA 10, which is written in cuneiform writing showing the continuation of a correspondence between Burna-Buriash II (otherwise known as Burra-Buriyaš) an ancient king of Babylon (named Karduniaš in the 1350BC Amarna time period), and Akhenaten (also known as Amenophis IV), an ancient pharaoh of Egypt. Some part of the contents of the letter indicates (in addition to EA11) that the Egyptian pharaoh married his daughters (named Meritaten and Ankhesenpaaten) at a time when they were about 11 or 12 years of age. Within the letter Burna-Buriash II praises the craftsmen of the land of Akhenaten, and requests a model of an animal, either land or aquatic, and he is apparently indifferent to which of the two the pharaoh should choose to have created. The letter is part of a series of correspondences from Babylonia to Egypt, which run from EA2 to EA4 and EA6 to EA14. EA1 and EA5 are f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 9
Amarna (; ar, العمارنة, al-ʿamārnah) is an extensive Egyptian archaeological site containing the remains of what was the capital city of the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The city was established in 1346 BC, built at the direction of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, and abandoned shortly after his death in 1332 BC. The name that the ancient Egyptians used for the city is transliterated in English as Akhetaten or Akhetaton, meaning " the horizon of the Aten".David (1998), p. 125 The site is on the east bank of the Nile River, in what today is the Egyptian province of Minya. It is about south of the city of al-Minya, south of the Egyptian capital, Cairo, and north of Luxor (site of the previous capital, Thebes). The city of Deir Mawas lies directly to its west. On the east side of Amarna there are several modern villages, the chief of which are l-Till in the north and el-Hagg Qandil in the south. Activity in the region flourished from the Amarna Period until the later Roman era. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 8
Amarna Letter EA8 is a continuation of correspondence between Napḫurureya, king of Egypt, and Burra-Buriyaš the king of Karaduniyaš. Within the Moran edition, the letter is translated by Ebeling. The letter is written in the language Akkadian, and dates to a period circa 1349 to 1334 B.C., The letter is part of a series of correspondences from Babylonia to Egypt, which run from EA2 to EA4 and EA6 to EA14. EA1 and EA5 are from Egypt to Babylonia. W.L.Moran (edited and translated) The Amarna Letters (p.xvi)published by the Johns Hopkins University Press - Baltimore, London (Brown University) Retrieved 2015-07-09 The inscription reads: ----------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------- See also *Amarna letters: EA 1, EA 2 Electronic Arts Inc. (EA) is an American video game company headquartered in Redwood City, California. Founded in May 1982 by Apple employee Trip Hawkins, the company was a pioneer of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 7
Amarna Letter EA7 is a letter of correspondence between Napḫurureya, king of Egypt, and Burra-Buriyaš the king of Karaduniyaš, and is part of a series of correspondences from Babylonia to Egypt, which run from EA2 to EA4 and EA6 to EA14. EA1 and EA5 are from Egypt to Babylonia. The letter demonstrates the existence of Middle Eastern trade routes through Palestine. The artifact is no longer extant having been destroyed during a bombing raid upon the city of Berlin, during World War II.A.F. Rainey (W.M. Schniedewind, Z. Cochavi-Rainey - ed.) The El-Amarna Correspondence (2 vol. set): A New Edition of the Cuneiform Letters from the Site of El-Amarna based on Collations of all Extant Tablets''Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East'', BRILL 14 Nov 2014, 1676 pages, etrieved 2015-07-06/ref> William L. Moran gave EA7 the title ''A lesson in geography''. The letter reads (translation by Oppenheim): ---- ---- ---- ---- See also *Amarna letters: E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 6
Amarna Letter EA6 is a correspondence from Burra-Buriyaš to Nimmuwarea(Amenhotep III) the king of Egypt. According to one source, this letter concerns gifts between two kings. The letter is part of a series of correspondences from Babylonia to Egypt, which run from EA2 to EA4 and EA6 to EA14. EA1 and EA5 are from Egypt to Babylonia. W.L.Moran (edited and translated) The Amarna Letters (p.xvi)published by the Johns Hopkins University Press - Baltimore, London (Brown University) etrieved 2015-07-09/ref> The inscription is translated as follows: ---- ---- ---- ---- See also *Amarna letters: EA 1, EA 2, EA 3, EA 4, EA 5, EA 7, EA 8, EA 9, EA 10, EA 11 *Bi (cuneiform) *De Beneficiis ''De Beneficiis'' (English: ''On Benefits'') is a first-century work by Seneca the Younger. It forms part of a series of Morality, moral essays (or "Dialogues") composed by Seneca. ''De Beneficiis'' concerns the award and reception of gifts and f ... References {{Reflist Amarna letter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 5
Amarna Letter EA5, one of the Amarna letters (cited with the abbreviation EA, for "El Amarna"), is a correspondence between Kadašman-Enlil I and Amenhotep III. The letter exists as two artifacts, one at the British Museum (BM29787) and one in the Cairo Museum (C12195). The letter is part of a series of correspondences from Babylonia to Egypt, which run from EA2 to EA4 and EA6 to EA14. EA1 and EA5 are from Egypt to Babylonia. The letter EA 5: ''Gifts of Egyptian Furniture for the Babylonian Palace'' EA 5, letter five of five, Pharaoh to Kadashman-Enlil. (Not a linear, line-by-line translation.) Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' EA 5, ''"Gifts of Egyptian Furniture for the Babylonian Palace"'', pp. 10-11. ''Obverse'': (see her :''Paragraph 1'' :''Paragraph 2'' See also * Chronology of the ancient Near East#Egypt, Chronology of the ancient Near East *Amarna letters: EA 1, EA 2, EA 3, EA 4, EA 6, EA 7, EA 8, EA 9, EA 10, EA 11 *List of A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 4
Amarna Letter EA4 is a continuation of correspondence between Kadašman-Enlil I and Amenhotep III. The letter is part of a series of correspondences from Babylonia to Egypt, which run from EA2 to EA4 and EA6 to EA14. EA1 and EA5 are from Egypt to Babylonia.W.L.Moran (edited and translated) The Amarna Letters (p.xvi)published by the Johns Hopkins University Press - Baltimore, London (Brown University) etrieved 2015-07-09/ref> In a publication of the Moran translations, the letter is given the title ''Royal deceit and threats''. The letter translated reads: ---- ---- ---- ---- See also *Tammuz (Babylonian calendar) * Ab *Chronology of the ancient Near East *Amarna letters: EA 1, EA 2 Electronic Arts Inc. (EA) is an American video game company headquartered in Redwood City, California. Founded in May 1982 by Apple employee Trip Hawkins, the company was a pioneer of the early home computer game industry and promoted the ..., EA 3, EA 5, EA 6, EA 7, EA 8, EA 9 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 2
Amarna Letter EA2 is the letter of the Amarna series of inscriptions designated EA2, which is inscribed with cuneiform writing showing the continuation of a correspondence between Kadašman-Enlil I and Amenḥotep III, from EA1. This letter is known to be concerning, ''A Proposal of Marriage''. The letter is part of a series of correspondences from Babylonia to Egypt, which run from EA2 to EA4 and EA6 to EA14. EA1 and EA5 are from Egypt to Babylonia. The composition of the matter of the tablet onto which the letter is inscribed is clay taken from the Euphrates. Translations which exist which are made by Moran (1992) and Liverani (1999). Jean Nougayrol thought this letter to be a '' lettre d'envoi''. linguee The letter reads (as translated by |
Chronology Of The Ancient Near East
The chronology of the ancient Near East is a framework of dates for various events, rulers and dynasties. Historical inscriptions and texts customarily record events in terms of a succession of officials or rulers: "in the year X of king Y". Comparing many records pieces together a relative chronology relating dates in cities over a wide area. For the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC, this correlation is less certain but the following periods can be distinguished: *Early Bronze Age: Following the rise of cuneiform writing in the preceding Uruk period and Jemdet Nasr periods came a series of rulers and dynasties whose existence is based mostly on scant contemporary sources (e.g. En-me-barage-si), combined with archaeological cultures, some of which are considered problematic (e.g. Early Dynastic II). The lack of dendrochronology, astronomical correlations, and sparsity of modern, well-stratified sequences of radiocarbon dates from Southern Mesopotamia makes it difficult to assign abso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amenhotep III
Amenhotep III ( egy, jmn-ḥtp(.w), ''Amānəḥūtpū'' , "Amun is Satisfied"; Hellenized as Amenophis III), also known as Amenhotep the Magnificent or Amenhotep the Great, was the ninth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty. According to different authors, he ruled Egypt from June 1386 to 1349 BC, or from June 1388 BC to December 1351 BC/1350 BC, after his father Thutmose IV died. Amenhotep was Thutmose's son by a minor wife, Mutemwiya. His reign was a period of unprecedented prosperity and splendour, when Egypt reached the peak of its artistic and international power. When he died in the 38th or 39th year of his reign he was succeeded by his son Amenhotep IV, who later changed his name to Akhenaten. Family and early life Amenhotep was the son of Thutmose IV and his minor wife Mutemwiya. He was born probably around 1401 BC. Later in his life, Amenhotep commissioned the depiction of his divine birth to be displayed at Luxor Temple. Amenhotep claimed that his true father was the g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
