|
Alpha-actinin-1
Alpha-actinin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ACTN1'' gene. Function Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. Alpha-actinin-1 is an F-actin cross-linking protein – a bundling protein that is thought to anchor actin to a number of intracellular structures. Alpha-actinin-1 is a non-muscle cytoskeletal isoform found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. Interactions Alpha-actinin-1 has been shown to interact with: * CDK5R1, * CDK5R2, * Collagen, type XVII, alpha 1, * GIPC1, * PDLIM1, * Protein kinase N1, * SSX2IP, and * Zyxin. *PTPRT (PTPrho) See also * Actinin Actinin is a microfilamen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actinin
Actinin is a microfilament protein. Alpha-actinin-1 is necessary for the attachment of actin myofilaments to the Z-lines in skeletal muscle cells, and to the dense bodies in smooth muscle cells. The functional protein is an anti-parallel dimer, which cross-links the thin filaments in adjacent sarcomeres, and therefore coordinates contractions between sarcomeres in the horizontal axis. The non-sarcomeric alpha-actinins, encoded by ''ACTN1'' and ''ACTN4'', are widely expressed. ''ACTN2'' expression is found in both cardiac and skeletal muscle, whereas ''ACTN3'' is limited to the latter. Both ends of the rod-shaped alpha-actinin dimer contain actin-binding domains. Mutations in ''ACTN4'' can cause the kidney disease focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). See also * Actin * Muscle contraction Muscle contraction is the activation of tension-generating sites within muscle cells. In physiology, muscle contraction does not necessarily mean muscle shortening because muscle ten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CDK5R2
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CDK5R2'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a neuron-specific activator of CDK5 kinase. It associates with CDK5 to form an active kinase. This protein and neuron-specific CDK5 activator CDK5R1/p39NCK5A both share limited similarity to cyclins, and thus may define a distinct family of cyclin-dependent kinase-activating proteins. Interactions CDK5R2 has been shown to interact with Actinin, alpha 1 Alpha-actinin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ACTN1'' gene. Function Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins an .... References طراحی سایت فروشگاهیh1> External links * Further reading * * * * * * * * {{gene-2-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PTPRT
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase T is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PTPRT'' gene. PTPRT is also known as PTPrho, PTPρ and human accelerated region 9. The human accelerated regions are 49 regions of the human genome that are conserved among vertebrates, but in humans show significant distinction from other vertebrates. This region may, therefore, have played a key role in differentiating humans from apes. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. PTPrho has been proposed to function during development of the nervous system and as a tumor suppressor in cancer. Structure This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem intracellular catalytic domains, and thus represents a recept ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zyxin
Zyxin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ZYX'' gene. Function Focal adhesions are actin-rich structures that enable cells to adhere to the extracellular matrix and at which protein complexes involved in signal transduction assemble. Zyxin is a zinc-binding phosphoprotein that concentrates at focal adhesions and along the actin cytoskeleton. Zyxin has an N-terminal proline-rich domain and three LIM domains in its C-terminal half. The proline-rich domain may interact with SH3 domains of proteins involved in signal transduction pathways while the LIM domains are likely involved in protein-protein binding. Zyxin may function as a messenger in the signal transduction pathway that mediates adhesion-stimulated changes in gene expression and may modulate the cytoskeletal organization of actin bundles. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same isoform. Interactions Zyxin has been shown to interact with: * Actinin, alpha 1 * ENAH, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SSX2IP
Afadin- and alpha-actinin-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SSX2IP'' gene. It has been shown that it functions together with WDR8 in centrosome maturation, ensuring proper spindle length and orientation. The SSX2IP-WDR8 complex additionally promotes ciliary vesicle docking during ciliogenesis. Interactions SSX2IP has been initially described as a protein to interact with MLLT4 and Actinin, alpha 1 Alpha-actinin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ACTN1'' gene. Function Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins an .... In the context of centrosome maturation and ciliogenesis it has been shown to interact with WDR8. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-1-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Kinase N1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase N1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PKN1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the protein kinase C superfamily. This kinase is activated by Rho family of small G proteins and may mediate the Rho-dependent signaling pathway. This kinase can be activated by phospholipids and by limited proteolysis. The 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 (PDPK1/PDK1) is reported to phosphorylate this kinase, which may mediate insulin signals to the actin cytoskeleton. The proteolytic activation of this kinase by caspase-3 or related proteases during apoptosis suggests its role in signal transduction related to apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. Interactions Protein kinase N1 has been shown to Protein-protein interaction, interact with: * AKAP9, * Actinin, alpha 1, * CCDC85B, * NEFL, * NEUROD2 * Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, * Phospholip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PDLIM1
PDZ and LIM domain protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PDLIM1'' gene. Interactions PDLIM1 has been shown to interact with: * Actinin alpha 4, * Actinin, alpha 1, * Estrogen receptor alpha, and * RNF12 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RLIM is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RLIM'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a RING-H2 zinc finger protein. It has been shown to be a ubiquitin protein ligase that targets LIM domai .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-10-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GIPC1
GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 1 (GIPC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GIPC1'' gene. GIPC was originally identified as it binds specifically to the C terminus of RGS-GAIP, a protein involved in the regulation of G protein signaling. GIPC is an acronym for "GAIP Interacting Protein C-terminus". RGS proteins are "Regulators of G protein Signaling" and RGS-GAIP is a "GTPase Activator protein for Gαi/Gαq", which are two major subtypes of Gα proteins. The human GIPC1 molecule is 333 amino acids or about 36 kDa in molecular size and consists of a central PDZ domain, a compact protein module which mediates specific protein-protein interactions. The RGS-GAIP protein interacts with this domain and many other proteins interact here or at other parts of the GIPC1 molecule. As a result, GIPC1 was independently discovered by several other groups and has a variety of alternate names, including synectin, C19orf3, RGS19IP1 and others. The GIPC1 gene family in ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
