GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 1 (GIPC1) is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''GIPC1''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
GIPC was originally identified as it binds specifically to the C terminus of RGS-GAIP, a protein involved in the regulation of
G protein
G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior. Their act ...
signaling.
GIPC is an acronym for "GAIP Interacting Protein C-terminus". RGS proteins are "Regulators of G protein Signaling" and RGS-GAIP is a "GTPase Activator protein for Gαi/Gαq", which are two major subtypes of Gα proteins. The human GIPC1 molecule is 333 amino acids or about 36 kDa in molecular size and consists of a central
PDZ domain
The PDZ domain is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in the signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses and animals. Proteins containing PDZ domains play a key role in anchoring receptor proteins in the membrane to ...
, a compact protein module which mediates specific protein-protein interactions. The RGS-GAIP protein interacts with this domain and many other proteins interact here or at other parts of the GIPC1 molecule. As a result, GIPC1 was independently discovered by several other groups and has a variety of alternate names, including synectin, C19orf3, RGS19IP1 and others. The GIPC1 gene family in mammals consisting of three members, so the first discovered, originally named GIPC, is now generally called GIPC1, with the other two being named GIPC2 and GIPC3.
The three human proteins are about 60% identical in protein sequence. GIPC1 has been shown to interact with a variety of other receptor and cytoskeletal proteins including the GLUT1 receptor, ACTN1, KIF1B, MYO6, PLEKHG5, SDC4/syndecan-4, SEMA4C/semaphorin-4 and HTLV-I Tax. The general function of GIPC family proteins therefore appears to be mediating specific interactions between proteins involved in G protein signaling and membrane translocation.
Interactions
GIPC1 has been shown to
interact
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with:
*
Actinin, alpha 1,
[
* ADRB1,]
* GLUT1
Glucose transporter 1 (or GLUT1), also known as solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1), is a uniporter protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC2A1'' gene. GLUT1 facilitates the transport of glucose across ...
,
* ITGA5
Integrin alpha-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ITGA5'' gene.
The product of this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. ...
,
* ITGA6
Integrin alpha-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ITGA6'' gene.
Function
The ITGA6 protein product is the integrin alpha chain alpha 6. Integrins are integral cell-surface proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. A ...
,[
* ]KIF1B
Kinesin-like protein KIF1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''KIF1B'' gene.
Clinical significance
It is associated with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, type 2A1.
Interactions
KIF1B has been shown to interact with GIPC1
GIPC PDZ ...
,[
* ]LRP1
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), also known as alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor (A2MR), apolipoprotein E receptor (APOER) or cluster of differentiation 91 (CD91), is a protein forming a receptor found in the plasma membr ...
,[
* ]LRP2
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 also known as LRP-2 or megalin is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''LRP2'' gene.
Function
LRP2 was identified as the antigen of rat experimental membranous nephropathy (Heyman neph ...
,
* LHCGR,
* MYO6
Unconventional myosin-VI, is a protein that in humans is coded for by ''MYO6''. Unconventional myosin-VI is a myosin molecular motor involved in intracellular vesicle and organelle transport.
Structure
Human myosin-VI contains a N-terminal myos ...
,
* RGS19
Regulator of G-protein signaling 19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RGS19'' gene.
G proteins mediate a number of cellular processes. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the RGS (regulators of G-protein signaling) family and ...
,
* TPBG
Trophoblast glycoprotein, also known as TPBG, 5T4, Wnt-Activated Inhibitory Factor 1 or WAIF1, is a human protein encoded by a ''TPBG'' gene. TPBG is an antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.
Clinical significance
5T4 is an antigen ...
, and
* TYRP1
Tyrosinase-related protein 1, also known as TYRP1, is an intermembrane enzyme which in humans is encoded by the ''TYRP1'' gene.
Function
Tyrp1 is a melanocyte-specific gene product involved in melanin synthesis within melanosomes. Most Tyrp1 p ...
.
See also
GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 2, GIPC2
GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 2 (GIPC2) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ''GIPC2'' gene.
See also
GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 2, GIPC1
GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 3, GIPC3
PDZ domain-conta ...
GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 3, GIPC3
PDZ domain-containing protein GIPC3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GIPC3'' gene. GIPC3 is a member of the GIPC (GAIP-interacting protein C terminus) gene family that also includes GIPC1 and GIPC2. The encoded protein, GIPC3, featu ...
References
Further reading
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