|
Almış
Almış or Almuš (Almysh Elteber, Almish Yiltawar, , , ), Elteber, iltäbär of the Volga Bulgars, is believed to have been the first Islam, Muslim ruler (emir) of Volga Bulgaria. Almış was a son of Şilki (). He ruled the Volga Bulgars, probably from Bolghar, in c. 895-925. According to the controversial Cäğfär_Taríxı, ''History of Jaˁfar'', Almış was a younger son of Şilki, and had succeeded his older brother Bat Ugïr as ruler. The same text identifies Almış with Álmos, the father of the Hungarian prince Árpád; this is perhaps unlikely despite the close correspondence of the names and the approximate synchronicity, although the Bulgars and Hungarians are believed to have shared some common Huns, Hunnic and/or Onogurs, Onoghuric elements in their origins. Initially a vassal of the Khazars, Almış struggled to assert the independence and unity of the Bulgar tribes in the area. Perhaps in part to do so more effectively, he sought to convert to Islam and sent amba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Volga Bulgaria
Volga Bulgaria was a state in modern-day southwestern Russia, formed by the descendants of a group of Bulgars distinct from those who under Asparuh crossed the Danube river and formed the First Bulgarian Empire ( 680–1018). The Volga Bulgarians were for much of their early history, until the tenth century, under the suzerainty of the Khazar Khaganate. No medieval records from Volga Bulgaria itself have survived; its history is instead a reconstruction largely based on information drawn from contemporary Russian, Arabic and Persian sources. According to later legend, the founder of Volga Bulgaria was the 7th-century ruler Kotrag, a son of Kubrat, though modern historians consider his historicity doubtful. The process of unification and state formation in Volga Bulgaria appears to have begun at some point in the late 9th century; Volga Bulgaria emerges from obscurity in the sources in the early 10th century, already a state of some size. In the early tenth century, the Volga Bulg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volga Bulgaria
Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulgaria (sometimes referred to as the Volga Bulgar Emirate) was a historical Bulgar state that existed between the 9th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia. Volga Bulgaria was a multi-ethnic state with large numbers of Bulgars, Finno-Ugrians, Varangians, and East Slavs. Its strategic position allowed it to create a local trade monopoly with Norse, Cumans, and Pannonian Avars. History Origin and creation of the state The origin of the early Bulgars is still unclear. Their homeland is believed to be situated between Kazakhstan and the North Caucasian steppes. Interaction with the Hunnic tribes, causing the migration, may have occurred there, and the Pontic–Caspian steppe seems the most likely location. Some scholars propose that the Bulgars may have been a branch or offshoot of the Huns or at least Huns seem to have been absorbed by the Bulgars after Dengizich's death. Others ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Şilki
Şilki (pronounced ) or Šilki or Shilki, or possibly Jilki (posthumously Islamized as ˁAbdallāh; mid 9th to beginning of the 10th century) was a Volga Bulgarian ruler (iltäbär). According to the controversial ''History of Jaˁfar'', Şilki was a descendant of Kubrat of "Old Great Bulgaria" (see genealogy below) according to the tradition that Volga Bulgaria was established by Kubrat's son, Kotrag. Şilki is credited with promoting the unification of the Bulgar tribes in the area, but the events of his reign are obscure or unverifiable. He is sometimes assumed to have initiated the conversion of the Volga Bulgars to Islam. His son Almış, the most famous Volga Bulgar ruler, was a Muslim and received a caliphal embassy led by Aḥmad ibn Faḍlān. Almış was given the new Muslim name Jaˁfar ibn ˁAbdallāh (i.e., Jaˁfar, son of ˁAbdallāh), which in turn has led to the belief that Şilki bore the Muslim name ˁAbdallāh. However, "son of ˁAbdallāh" was a traditional fili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Ibn Fadlan
Ahmad ibn Fadlan ibn al-Abbas al-Baghdadi () or simply known as Ibn Fadlan, was a 10th-century traveler from Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate, famous for his account of his travels as a member of an embassy of the Abbasid caliph al-Muqtadir to the king of the Volga Bulgars, known as his '' risāla'' ("account" or "journal"). His account is most notable for providing a detailed description of the Volga Vikings, including eyewitness accounts of life as part of a trade caravan and witnessing a ship burial. He also notably described the lifestyle of the Oghuz Turks while the Khazars, Cumans, and Pechenegs were still around. Ibn Fadlan's detailed writings have been cited by numerous historians. They have also inspired entertainment works, including Michael Crichton's novel '' Eaters of the Dead'' and its film adaptation '' The 13th Warrior''. Biography Background Ahmad ibn Fadlan was described as an Arab in contemporaneous sources. However, the '' Encyclopedia of Islam'' and Richard N. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elteber
An elteber ( or ''(h)elitbär''; Chinese language, Chinese 頡利發 ''xié-lì-fā'' < Middle Chinese, EMCh: *''γεt-liH-puat'') was a client king of an autonomous but tributary (political), tributary tribe or polity in the hierarchy of the Turkic tribal confederations, Turkic khaganates including Khazar Khaganate. In the case of the Khazar Khaganate, the rulers of such vassal peoples as the Volga Bulgars (only until 969, after that they were independent and created a powerful state), Burtas and North Caucasian Huns were titled elteber or some variant such as ''Ilutwer'', ''Ilutver'' (North Caucasian Huns), ''Yiltawar'' or İltäbär (Volga Bulgaria) (until 969). An Elteber (Almış) is known to have met the famous Muslim traveller Ibn Fadlan and requested assistance from the Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasids of Baghdad. The earliest extant mention of the term is for a ruler of the North Caucasian Huns in the 680s, referred to in Christianity, Christian sources from Caucasi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Álmos
Álmos (), also Almos or Almus ( 820 – 895), was—according to the uniform account of Hungarian chronicles—the first head of the "loose federation" of the Hungarian tribes from around 850. Whether he was the Sacred king, sacred ruler (''kende'') of the Hungarians or their military leader ''(Gyula (title), gyula)'' is subject to scholarly debate. According to Constantine Porphyrogenitus, he accepted the Khazar Khaganate, Khazar khagan's suzerainty in the first decade of his reign, but the Hungarians acted independently of the Khazars from around 860. The 14th-century ''Illuminated Chronicle'' narrates that he was murdered in Transylvania at the beginning of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin around 895. Ancestry Anonymus (notary of Béla III), An anonymous notary during the reign of Béla III, author of the ''Gesta Hungarorum'' — who wrote his "historical romance" around 1200 or 1210 — stated that Álmos descended "from the line"''Anonymus, Notary of King ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emir
Emir (; ' (), also Romanization of Arabic, transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic language, Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocratic, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a history of use in West Asia, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch of a sovereign principality, namely an emirate. The female, feminine form is emira ( '), with the same meaning as "princess". Prior to its use as a monarchical title, the term "emir" was historically used to denote a "commander", "general", or "leader" (for example, Amir al-Mu'min). In contemporary usage, "emir" is also sometimes used as either an honorary or formal title for the head of an Islamic, or Arab (regardless of relig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
10th-century Monarchs In Europe
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Tatarstan
The territory of Tatarstan, a republic of the Russia, Russian Federation, was inhabited by different groups during the prehistoric period. The state of Volga Bulgaria grew during the Middle Ages and for a time was subject to the Khazars. The Volga Bulgars became Muslim and incorporated various Turkic peoples to form the modern Volga Tatars, Volga Tatar ethnic group. The region came under the domination of the Khanate of Kazan in the 15th century. The khanate was conquered by Ivan the Terrible in 1552 and abolished in 1708. This period was marked by settlement of the area by Russians and attempts at conversion to Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox Christianity, provoking a number of rebellions among the Tatars and neighbouring groups. In the late 18th and 19th centuries industry developed, economic conditions improved and Tatars achieved more equal status with Russians. However, Tatar national consciousness was growing, and upon the October Revolution of 1917, national institutions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kotrag
Kotrag was according to Nikephoros I of Constantinople a son of Kubrat of the Dulo clan of Bulgars. Following the death of his father, he began to extend the influence of his Bulgars to the Volga River. He is remembered as the founder of Volga Bulgaria. Honour * Kotrag Nunatak on Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Kotrag. * In the Republic of Chuvashia in the village of Shemursha on June 30th 2022, a monument was erected to the founder of the Volga The Volga (, ) is the longest river in Europe and the longest endorheic basin river in the world. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of , and a catchment ... Bulgaria - Khan Kotrag * Later, on January 12th 2023, another monument to Khan Kotrag, was installed in Shiryaev on Popova Hill. The monument was made by the famous Bulgarian sculptor Dishko Dishkov. The official opening is scheduled for sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kubrat
Kubrat (; ) was the ruler of the Onogur–Bulgars, credited with establishing the confederation of Old Great Bulgaria in 632. His name derived from the Turkic words ''qobrat'' — "to gather", or ''qurt'', i.e. "wolf". Origin In the '' Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans'' Kubrat is mentioned as ''Kurt'' (), being a member of the Dulo clan and reigning for 60 years having succeeded Gostun of the Ermi clan. Bulgars were Turkic nomadic people, who participated in the 5th-century Hunnic confederation. Upon Attila's death, the tribes that later formed the Bulgars had retreated east into the Black Sea-Caspian Steppe. The western Bulgar tribes joined the Avar Khaganate, while the eastern Bulgars came under the Western Turkic Khaganate by the end of the 6th century. Theophanes the Confessor called him "king of the Onogundur Huns". Patriarch Nikephoros I (758–828) called Kubrat "lord of the Onuğundur" and "ruler of the Onuğundur–Bulğars". John of Nikiu ( 696) called him ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saqaliba
Saqaliba (, singular ) is a term used in medieval Arabic sources to refer to Slavs, and other peoples of Central, Southern, and Eastern Europe. The term originates from the Middle Greek '' slavos/sklavenos'' (Slav), which in Hispano-Arabic came to designate Slavic slaves. The word was often used to refer specifically to Slavic slaves, but it could also refer more broadly to various other ethnicities of Eastern Europe traded by the Arab traders, as well as all European slaves in some Muslim regions like Spain and Portugal including those abducted from raids on Christian kingdoms of Spain and Portugal.Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery saqaliba&f=false The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery: A-K; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
