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Almaty Light Rail
The ''Almaty Light Rail'' is a light rail line planned to serve Kazakhstan's largest city Almaty. Background Trams in Almaty served the city between 1937 and 2015. It was one of the four tramways of Kazakhstan which continuously operated from their opening dates. The network went into decline starting in the late 20th century, with most of its former routes closed by 2010. Operation of the remaining tram network was halted and indefinitely suspended on 31 October 2015. Planning Plans for a light rail network to complement or replace the tram lines have been under discussion by the municipality since 2009. In December 2018, Almaty municipality received nine bids for the 26-year public private partnership contract to design, build and operate a standard gauge, low-floor light rail line of with 37 stops. Route The line will contain 36 stations and a depot in the Alatau district. The line will link Almaty’s principal avenues, passing through Momyshuly and Töle Bi Street, Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Almaty
Almaty (; kk, Алматы; ), formerly known as Alma-Ata ( kk, Алма-Ата), is the List of most populous cities in Kazakhstan, largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of about 2 million. It was the capital of Kazakhstan from 1929 to 1936 as an Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, autonomous republic as part of the Soviet Union, then from 1936 to 1991 as a Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, union republic and finally from 1991 as an independent state to 1997 when the government relocated the capital to Astana, Akmola (renamed Astana in 1998, Nur-Sultan in 2019, and back to Astana in 2022). Almaty is still the major commercial, financial, and cultural centre of Kazakhstan, as well as its most populous and most cosmopolitan city. The city is located in the mountainous area of southern Kazakhstan near the border with Kyrgyzstan in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau at an elevation of 700–900 m (2,300–3,000 feet), where the Large and Small Almatinka rivers r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbekistan to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southwest, with a coastline along the Caspian Sea. Its capital is Astana, known as Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2022. Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city, was the country's capital until 1997. Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, the largest and northernmost Muslim-majority country by land area, and the ninth-largest country in the world. It has a population of 19 million people, and one of the lowest population densities in the world, at fewer than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per square mile). The country dominates Central Asia economically and politically, generating 60 percent of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil and gas industry; it also has vast mineral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trams In Almaty
Almaty, the former capital of Kazakhstan, operated a modest tram network between 1937 and 2015. It was one of the four tramways of Kazakhstan which continuously operated from their opening dates. The network went into decline starting in the late 20th century, with most of its former routes closed by 2010. Operation of the remaining tram network was halted and indefinitely suspended on 31 October 2015. History Like other Kazakh towns and cities, Almaty's tram system was also opened directly as an electric tram. It never ran horse or steam trams. Many changes of rolling stock occurred, and recently new modern low floor trams were introduced. The first tram ran here on 1 December 1937. The electric tramway began operation in 1937 with four routes, which included one ring line. The tram network reached at peak ten routes in 1990. The decline of the network began in 2000, when 8 routes were phased out through 2010. Operation on the final two tram routes was indefinitely suspended o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Private Partnership
In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the ''Öffentlichkeit'' or public sphere. The concept of a public has also been defined in political science, psychology, marketing, and advertising. In public relations and communication science, it is one of the more ambiguous concepts in the field. Although it has definitions in the theory of the field that have been formulated from the early 20th century onwards, and suffered more recent years from being blurred, as a result of conflation of the idea of a public with the notions of audience, market segment, community, constituency, and stakeholder. Etymology and definitions The name "public" originates with the Latin '' publicus'' (also '' poplicus''), from ''populus'', to the English word 'populace', and in general denotes some mass population ("the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard Gauge
A standard-gauge railway is a railway with a track gauge of . The standard gauge is also called Stephenson gauge (after George Stephenson), International gauge, UIC gauge, uniform gauge, normal gauge and European gauge in Europe, and SGR in East Africa. It is the most widely used track gauge around the world, with approximately 55% of the lines in the world using it. All high-speed rail lines use standard gauge except those in Russia, Finland, and Uzbekistan. The distance between the inside edges of the rails is defined to be 1435 mm except in the United States and on some heritage British lines, where it is defined in U.S. customary/Imperial units as exactly "four feet eight and one half inches" which is equivalent to 1435.1mm. History As railways developed and expanded, one of the key issues was the track gauge (the distance, or width, between the inner sides of the rails) to be used. Different railways used different gauges, and where rails of different gauge met – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alatau
Alatau or Ala-Too ( kk, ; tr, Аladağ; ky, Ала-Тоо; russian: Алатау) is a generic name for a number of mountain ranges in Central Asia, characterized by interleaving areas of vegetation, scattered rocks and snows. Notable mountain ranges that share the name include: *Kuznetsk Alatau, a mountain range in South Siberia, Russia *Several ranges of the Tien Shan ** Dzungarian Alatau, North Tien Shan, Kazakhstan/China ** Kungey Alatau, West Tien-Shan, Kazakhstan/Kyrgyzstan ** Kyrgyz Alatau, West Tien Shan, Kazakhstan/Kyrgyzstan ** Talas Alatau, West Tien Shan, Kazakhstan/Kyrgyzstan/Uzbekistan ** Terskey Alatau, South Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan ** Trans-Ili Alatau Ile Alatau ( kk, Ile Alatauy, ''Іле Алатауы''), also spelt as Trans-Ili Alatau, is a part of the Northern Tian Shan mountain system (ancient Mount Imeon) in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. It is the northernmost mountain range of Tian Shan st ..., West Tien Shan, Kazakhstan/Kyrgyzstan See also * Alatau T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Töle Bi Street
Töle Bi Street () is a street in Almaty. It is located in the Medeu, Almaly and Auezov districts of the city. The street is named after Kazakh poet Töle Biy Töle Biy (also Tole Bi), or Töle Älibekūly ( kk, Төле би Әлібекұлы, ''Töle bi Älibekūly'') ( 1663, Köktuma Tract, now Alakol District, Kazakhstan - 1756, Aqburkhan-orda, now Tole Bi District, Kazakh Khanate) was the head b .... History A gymnasium was located between the current Walikhanov Street and Dostyq Avenue, and until 1927, the street was called Gymnazicheskaya (; literally Gymnasium) before becoming Komsomolskaya (). In the old part of the city, which was formed by the end of the 19th century, Komsomolskaya Street was completely reconstructed during the years of Soviet rule, and starting from the Esentai River it was built up in a western direction. In 1937, a tram line was laid along the street, which was partly moved during the reconstruction. In 1991, the street got its current ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astana Square
Astana Square ( kz, Астана Алаңы, ''Astana Alaŋy'') or Old Square is a city square in Almaty, Kazakhstan. It is the second largest square in Kazakhstan, after Republic Square. It hosts many public events, concerts, and ceremonies. The square is in front of the Kazakh-British Technical University, the monument of Aliya Moldagulova and Manshuk Mametova, and is on the left side of the Panfilov Street Promenade The square used to be named after Vladimir Lenin and a statue of him stood in the center of the square until 1991. History In 1921, the area was named Red Square. After the demolition of the Imperial-era buildings took place by the Soviet authorities, new government buildings were erected on the square. In 1937, the square was paved with stones for the first time. In 1955, the administrative building of Kazpotrebsoyuz was built on the corner of Panfilov Street. A monument to Soviet statesman Vladimir Lenin was erected on October Revolution Day on 7 November 1957. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Almaty Metro
Almaty Metro ( kk, Алматы метрополитені, ''Almaty Metropolitenı''; russian: Алматинский метрополитен) is a rapid transit/metro system in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The first line of the system was opened on 1 December 2011, after more than 23 years of construction. A , two-station extension of the Metro to Moskva station opened on 18 April 2015. History Construction of the Almaty Metro began on 7 September 1988 when Kazakhstan was part of the Soviet Union. However, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, funds from Moscow dried up and the new Kazakhstan government was unable to continue construction. Efforts to preserve the already-completed work were made, but the high cost led to the accumulation of large debts to construction workers. In 2003, the government of Kazakhstan laid out a new development initiative which included government funds for continued construction on the metro. During the Metro's construction the Almaty tram netwo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nur-Sultan Light Metro
The Astana Metro is an incomplete light rail rapid transit system located in Astana, Kazakhstan, which is the capital of the country with a population of over 1,000,000. Construction should have finished roughly about the same time as the Almaty Metro, which was estimated for 2010. However, completion has been postponed several times, in 2011 completion was scheduled to coincide with the Expo in 2017 and as of October 2017 the first stage is planned to be commissioned in December 2019. Project authority Astana LRT LLP signed an agreement with a consortium of China Railway International Group and Beijing State-Owned Assets Management Co for construction of the first phase of the capital’s light rail project on May 7, 2015. Construction began in May 2017. The light metro is part of Nazarbayev's Kazakhstan 2030 economic plan to transform Kazakhstan into an economic power. Video renders of the proposed system show the lines built on viaducts running adjacent to roads, with enc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
