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Al-Ma'mun (other)
Al-Ma'mun Abu al-Abbas Abdallah ibn Harun al-Rashid ( ar, أبو العباس عبد الله بن هارون الرشيد, Abū al-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh ibn Hārūn ar-Rashīd; 14 September 786 – 9 August 833), better known by his regnal name Al-Ma'mu ... ( ar, المأمون, link=no) was the seventh Abbasid caliph, ruling from 813 to his death in 833. The name 'al-Ma'mun' means 'trustworthy', 'trusted', and 'reliable', and was also borne by: * Ma'mun I ibn Muhammad (died 997), Khwarazmshah * Ma'mun II (died 1017), Khwarazmshah * al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi (died 1128), vizier to the Fatimid caliph al-Amir * al-Mamun of Toledo (died 1075), Taifa king and a member of the Banu Dil-Nun dynasty * Idris al-Ma'mun (died 1232), was a rival Almohad ruler who reigned from 1229-1232 {{human name disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabia
The Arabian Peninsula, (; ar, شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّة, , "Arabian Peninsula" or , , "Island of the Arabs") or Arabia, is a peninsula of Western Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate. At , the Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in the world. Geographically, the Arabian Peninsula includes Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Yemen, as well as the southern portions of Iraq and Jordan. The largest of these is Saudi Arabia. In the classical era, the southern portions of modern-day Syria, Jordan, and the Sinai Peninsula were also considered parts of Arabia (see Arabia Petraea). The Arabian Peninsula formed as a result of the rifting of the Red Sea between 56 and 23 million years ago, and is bordered by the Red Sea to the west and southwest, the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the northeast, the Levant and Mesopotamia to the north and the Arabian Sea and the Indian Oce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle East
The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabian Peninsula, Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Anatolia, Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Province), East Thrace (European part of Turkey), Egypt, Iran, the Levant (including Syria (region), Ash-Shām and Cyprus), Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), and the Socotra Governorate, Socotra Archipelago (a part of Yemen). The term came into widespread usage as a replacement of the term Near East (as opposed to the Far East) beginning in the early 20th century. The term "Middle East" has led to some confusion over its changing definitions, and has been viewed by some to be discriminatory or too Eurocentrism, Eurocentric. The region includes the vast majority of the territories included in the closely associated definition of Western Asia (including Iran), but without the South Caucasus, and additionally includes all of Egypt (not just the Sina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, 2011. Having emerged in the 1st century, it is named after the Arabs, Arab people; the term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula, as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece. Since the 7th century, Arabic has been characterized by diglossia, with an opposition between a standard Prestige (sociolinguistics), prestige language—i.e., Literary Arabic: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Classical Arabic—and diverse vernacular varieties, which serve as First language, mother tongues. Colloquial dialects vary significantly from MSA, impeding mutual intelligibility. MSA is only acquired through formal education and is not spoken natively. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Ma'mun
Abu al-Abbas Abdallah ibn Harun al-Rashid ( ar, أبو العباس عبد الله بن هارون الرشيد, Abū al-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh ibn Hārūn ar-Rashīd; 14 September 786 – 9 August 833), better known by his regnal name Al-Ma'mun ( ar, المأمون, al-Maʾmūn), was the seventh Abbasid caliph, who reigned from 813 until his death in 833. He succeeded his half-brother al-Amin after a civil war, during which the cohesion of the Abbasid Caliphate was weakened by rebellions and the rise of local strongmen; much of his domestic reign was consumed in pacification campaigns. Well educated and with a considerable interest in scholarship, al-Ma'mun promoted the Translation Movement, the flowering of learning and the sciences in Baghdad, and the publishing of al-Khwarizmi's book now known as "Algebra". He is also known for supporting the doctrine of Mu'tazilism and for imprisoning Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, the rise of religious persecution ('' mihna''), and for the resum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma'mun I Ibn Muhammad
Abu'l-Ali Ma'mun ibn Muhammad (died 997) was ruler of Khwarazm from 995 until his death in 997. He was the founder of the Ma'munid dynasty, which lasted from 995 until 1017. Ma'mun was originally the Samanid governor of southern Khwarazm, with his capital at Gurganj. In 995 he invaded northern Khwarazm and deposed the last Afrigid Shah Abu 'Abdallah Muhammad (who was also a Samanid vassal), uniting the province under his rule. Upon his death in 997, his son Abu al-Hasan Ali Abu al-Hasan 'Ali (died c. 1009) was ruler of Khwarazm (a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia) from 997 until his death c. 1009. The second member of the Ma'munid dynasty, he was the son of Ma'mun I ibn Muhammad ... succeeded him. References *Bosworth, C.E. "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000-1217)." ''The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 4: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods.'' Ed. J.A. Boyle. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1968. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma'mun II
Abu'l-Abbas Ma'mun ibn Ma'mun (died March 1017) was the Ma'munid ruler of Khwarazm from 1009 until his death in 1017, having succeeded his brother Abu al-Hasan Ali in that post. He was the son of Ma'mun I ibn Muhammad. The greatest threat to Ma'mun's rule came in the form of the Ghaznavid sultan, Mahmud of Ghazni. Mahmud viewed Khwarazm as a strategically important province, as it would allow him to widen the front against his biggest enemy, the Karakhanids of Transoxiana. When the caliph al-Qadir sent Ma'mun several awards, including an investiture patent for Khwarazm (confirming him as independent ruler) in 1014, Ma'mun refused to accept the awards in his capital, fearing that personally accepting the symbols of independence would anger Mahmud. He instead sent out a delegation to accept the awards on the steppe. Ma'mun also married Mahmud's sister Hurra-yi Kalji, who had previously been married to his brother, in 1015 or 1016. Despite these efforts to placate Mahmud, the Ghaznav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Ma'mun Al-Bata'ihi
Al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi ( ar, المأمون البطائحي) was an Egyptian vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate for four years during the caliphate of al-Amir bi-Ahkami l-Lah.Behrens-Abouseif, Doris. 1992. The Façade of the Aqmar Mosque in the Context of Fatimid Ceremonial. In ''Muqarnas IX: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture''. Oleg Grabar (ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill. During his term, he reopened the house of knowledge, made efforts to restore shi'ite orthodoxy, and tried to reconcile the differences between the Fatimids and the Nizaris. His term ended with his execution, which was ordered by the caliph. Biography His name was Qaʾid Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī bin Fatik but is better known by the name 'al-Ma'mun'. Little is known of his life before he succeeded Al-Afdal Shahanshah, murdered by Assassins, as the Fatimid vizier in 1121 ACE. On coming to power, he reopened the ''Dar al-Hikmah'' (House of Wisdom) in Cairo, closed in 1119 by his predecessor. He also raised the salari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mamun Of Toledo
Yahya ibn Ismail al-Mamun () (died 1075) was the second ruler of the Berbers, Berber Houara, Hawwara Dhulnunid dynasty who was king of the Taifa of Toledo between 1043 and 1075. Biography Yahya ibn Ismail succeeded his father Ismaïl ibn Dhi 'l-Nun in 1043. In 1062, he promised his allegiance to king Ferdinand I of León and Castile, a fact that did not prevent him from giving military support to his son-in-law Abd al-Aziz ibn Amir, king of the Taifa of Valencia, when the Castilian king laid siege to the city in 1065. When Ferdinand I saw himself forced to end the siege and remove his army, Al-Mamun agreed to a union with the Taifa of Valencia which was to form a part of the Toledo taifa until 1092. He died at Córdoba, Spain, Córdoba in 1075. References 1075 deaths Emirs 11th-century Berber people Berber rulers 11th-century rulers in Al-Andalus Year of birth unknown Taifa of Toledo [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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