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Al-Baydawi
Qadi Baydawi (also known as Naṣir ad-Din al-Bayḍawi, also spelled Baidawi, Bayzawi and Beyzavi; d. June 1319, Tabriz) was a jurist, theologian, and Quran commentator. He lived during the post-Seljuk Empire, Seljuk and early Mongol Empire, Mongol era. Many commentaries have been written on his work. He was also the author of several theological treatises. He lived in the period of the Salghurids. Iranian region was a sheltered place because the Salgurs got along with the Mongols in this period. For this reason, this region became a safe region preferred by scholars. He also benefited from the scholars who came here. Details about his life are available in his book titled al-Gayah al-Kusvâ.Mustafa Aykaç, Aykaç, Mustafa, Nâsıruddin el-Beyzâvî ve Osmanlı Kelâm Geleneğindeki Yeri = Naser Addin al-Baidawi and His Place on Ottoman Theology Tradition, İslami Araştırmalar, 2016/27, vol. 3, p. 389 Baydawi's only Persian work, the ''Kitab Nizam al-Tawarikh'', is the first h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Lights Of Revelation And The Secrets Of Interpretation
''Anwār al-Tanzīl wa-Asrār al-Ta’wīl'' (), better known as ''Tafsīr al-Bayḍāwī'' (), is one of the most popular classical Sunni Qur'anic interpretational works (''tafsīr'') composed by the 13th-century Islamic scholar, Muslim scholar al-Bayḍāwī (d.1319), flourished especially among non-Arab Muslim regions. This work is based on the earlier work of Zamakhsharī's ''al-Kashshāf'' ("the unveiling"). ''al-Kashshāf'', which has Mu'tazilite views, some of which al-Bayḍāwī has amended, and some omitted. ''Tafsir al-Bayḍāwī'' is also based on al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī's ''Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān'' and his tafsir, as well as ''al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'' (or ''Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb'') by Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī. The commentary begins with a short opening, in which the author praises the value of interpreting the verses of the Qurʼan and argues that Qurʼanic exegesis is at the head of all sciences. The author then gives the name of his work, before launching ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tafsir
Tafsir ( ; ) refers to an exegesis, or commentary, of the Quran. An author of a ''tafsir'' is a ' (; plural: ). A Quranic ''tafsir'' attempts to provide elucidation, explanation, interpretation, context or commentary for clear understanding and conviction of God in Islam, God's will in Islam. Principally, a ''tafsir'' deals with the issues of Classical Arabic, linguistics, Islamic jurisprudence, jurisprudence, and Islamic theology, theology. In terms of perspective and approach, ''tafsir'' can be broadly divided into two main categories, namely ''tafsir bi-al-ma'thur'' (lit. received tafsir), which is transmitted from the early days of Islam through the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his Sahaba, companions, and ''tafsir bi-al-ra'y'' (lit. ''tafsir'' by opinion), which is arrived through personal reflection or ijtihad, independent rational thinking. There are different characteristics and traditions for each of the ''tafsirs'' representing respective Islamic schools and branche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi
Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī () or Fakhruddin Razi () (1149 or 1150 – 1209), often known by the sobriquet Sultan of the Theologians, was an influential Iranian and Muslim polymath, scientist and one of the pioneers of inductive logic. He wrote various works in the fields of medicine, chemistry, physics, astronomy, cosmology, literature, theology, ontology, philosophy, history and jurisprudence. He was one of the earliest proponents and skeptics that came up with the concept of multiverse, and compared it with the astronomical teachings of Quran. A rejector of the geocentric model and the Aristotelian notions of a single universe revolving around a single world, al-Razi argued about the existence of the outer space beyond the known world. Al-Razi was born in Ray, Iran, and died in Herat, Afghanistan.. He left a very rich corpus of philosophical and theological works that reveals influence from the works of Avicenna, Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī and al-Ghazali. Two of his works t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world's Major religious groups, second-largest religious population after Christians. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a Fitra, primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets and messengers, including Adam in Islam, Adam, Noah in Islam, Noah, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, and Jesus in Islam, Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God in Islam, God and the unaltered, final revelation. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous Islamic holy books, revelations, such as the Torah in Islam, Tawrat (the Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Gospel in Islam, Injil (Gospel). They believe that Muhammad in Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a Ethnicities in Iran, multi-ethnic population of over 92 million in an area of , Iran ranks 17th globally in both List of countries and dependencies by area, geographic size and List of countries and dependencies by population, population. It is the List of Asian countries by area, sixth-largest country entirely in Asia and one of the world's List of mountains in Iran, most mountainous countries. Officially an Islamic republic, Iran is divided into Regions of Iran, five regions with Provinces of Iran, 31 provinces. Tehran is the nation's Capital city, capital, List of cities in Iran by province, largest city and financial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkoman (ethnonym)
Turkoman, also known as Turcoman (), was a term for the people of Oghuz Turkic origin, widely used during the Middle Ages. Oghuz Turks were a western Turkic people that, in the 8th century A.D, formed a tribal confederation in an area between the Aral and Caspian seas in Central Asia, and spoke the Oghuz branch of the Turkic language family. Today, much of the populations of Turkey, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan are descendants of Oghuz Turks. ''Turkmen'', originally an exonym, dates from the High Middle Ages, along with the ancient and familiar name " Turk" (), and tribal names such as " Bayat", " Bayandur", " Afshar", and " Kayi". By the 10th century, Islamic sources were referring to Oghuz Turks as Muslim Turkmens, as opposed to Tengrist or Buddhist Turks. It entered into the usage of the Western world through the Byzantines in the 12th century, since by that time Oghuz Turks were overwhelmingly Muslim. Later, the term "Oghuz" was gradually supplanted by "Turkmen" among Og ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khwarazmian Dynasty
The Anushtegin dynasty or Anushteginids (English: , ), also known as the Khwarazmian dynasty () was a Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic peoples, Turkic ''mamluk'' origin from the Begdili, Bekdili clan of the Oghuz Turks. The Anushteginid dynasty ruled the Khwarazmian Empire, consisting in large parts of present-day Central Asia, Afghanistan and Iran in the approximate period of 1077 to 1231, first as vassals of the Seljuks and the Qara Khitai (Western Liao), and later as independent rulers, up until the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire in the 13th century. The dynasty was founded by commander Anushtegin Gharchai, a former Turkic peoples, Turkic slave of the Seljuq sultans, who was appointed as governor of Khwarazm. His son, Muhammad I of Khwarazm, Qutb ad-Din Muhammad I, became the first hereditary Shah of Khwarazm.Encyclopædia Britannica, "Khwarezm-Shah-Dynasty",LINK Anushtegin Gharchai, Anush Tigin may have belonged to either the Begdili, Begdili tribe of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Bakr Ibn Sa'd
Abu Bakr ibn Sa'd (Persian: اتابک مظفرالدین ابوبکر بن سعد بن زنگی), also known as Muzaffar al-Din Qutlugh Khan, was the Salghurid ''atabeg'' (ruler) of Fars from 1226 to 1260. He was the son and successor of Sa'd I. Background Since 1148, the southern Iranian region of Fars had been ruled by the Turkoman Salghurid dynasty. Abu Bakr was the son of Sa'd I (), the Salghurid ''atabeg'' (ruler) of Fars. Before his succession to the throne, Abu Bakr attempted to seize power by rebelling in Shiraz against his father during the latter's conflict with two princes of the Khwarazmian Empire. He was, however, defeated by local troops and imprisoned. Just before his father's death on 5 November 1226, Abu Bakr was released and subsequently became the new ''atabeg''. Reign On 12 November 1230, Abu Bakr captured the Kish Island, thus giving him access to the trade between the Persian Gulf and India, where he could enforce dues on it. In August 1236, Abu Bakr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atabeg
Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic language, Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the title's use was with early Seljuk Turks who bestowed it on the Persian vizier Nizam al-Mulk. It was later used in the Kingdom of Georgia, first within the Armenia, Armeno-Georgian family of Mkhargrdzeli as a military title and then within the house of Jaqeli as Principality of Samtskhe, princes of Samtskhe. Title origins and meanings The word ''atabeg'' is a compound of the Turkic languages, Turkic word ''ata'', "ancestor", or "father" and the word ''beg'' or ''bey'', "lord, leader, prince". ''Beg'' is stated in some sources as being of Iranian origin (as in the compound Baghdad from ''bag/beg'' and ''dad'', "lord" given). However, according to Gerhard Doerfer, the word ''beg'' may have possibly been of Turkic origin – the origin of the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shafi'ite
The Shafi'i school or Shafi'i Madhhab () or Shafi'i is one of the four major schools of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), belonging to the Ahl al-Hadith tradition within Sunni Islam. It was founded by the Muslim scholar, jurist, and traditionist al-Shafi'i (), "the father of Muslim jurisprudence", in the early 9th century. The other three schools of Sunnī jurisprudence are Ḥanafī, Mālikī and Ḥanbalī. Like the other schools of fiqh, Shafii recognize the First Four Caliphs as the Islamic prophet Muhammad's rightful successors and relies on the Qurʾān and the "sound" books of Ḥadīths as primary sources of law. The Shafi'i school affirms the authority of both divine law-giving (the Qurʾān and the Sunnah) and human speculation regarding the Law. Where passages of Qurʾān and/or the Ḥadīths are ambiguous, the school seeks guidance of Qiyās (analogical reasoning). The Ijmā' (consensus of scholars or of the community) was "accepted but not stressed". The school ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
