|
Akysis
''Akysis'' is the largest genus of catfishes (order (biology), order Siluriformes) of the family (biology), family Akysidae. Taxonomy In 1996, it was determined that ''Akysis'' is the cladistics, sister group to all other akysids, then only including ''Parakysis'', ''Acrochordonichthys'', and ''Breitensteinia''. However, it was acknowledged that the genus ''Akysis'' was poorly-sampled at the time and may be deemed non-monophyly, monophyletic in the future. In 1998, it was recognized that the large genus ''Akysis'' includes two species groups. The first species group was the ''Akysis variegatus'' group, for species more closely related to the biological type, type species; the other group was the ''pseudobagarius'' group for species more closely related to the formerly-named ''Akysis pseudobagarius''; the authors recognized it as conceivable that the groups represented two genera, but tentatively retained the species in a single genus. Since then, the genus ''Pseudobagarius'' was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akysis Variegatus
''Akysis'' is the largest genus of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Akysidae. Taxonomy In 1996, it was determined that ''Akysis'' is the sister group to all other akysids, then only including ''Parakysis'', ''Acrochordonichthys'', and ''Breitensteinia''. However, it was acknowledged that the genus ''Akysis'' was poorly-sampled at the time and may be deemed non-monophyletic in the future. In 1998, it was recognized that the large genus ''Akysis'' includes two species groups. The first species group was the ''Akysis variegatus'' group, for species more closely related to the type species; the other group was the ''pseudobagarius'' group for species more closely related to the formerly-named ''Akysis pseudobagarius''; the authors recognized it as conceivable that the groups represented two genera, but tentatively retained the species in a single genus. Since then, the genus ''Pseudobagarius'' was erected for this species group, leaving only members of the ''A. variegatus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akysis Bilustris
''Akysis bilustris'' is a species of catfish belonging to the family Akysidae (the stream catfishes), known only from two geographically proximate localities in the Xe Kong drainage, a major subdrainage of the Mekong River, in Laos and Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailand t .... This species grows to a length of SL. Habitat and ecology ''A. bilustris'' occurs in streams and rivers, on sandy to muddy substrates with submerged vegetation and/or debris. Relationship to humans ''A. bilustris'' is a component of local subsistence fisheries. References Further reading * External links Akysidae Catfish of Asia Fish of Laos Fish of Cambodia Fish described in 2011 {{catfish-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudobagarius
''Pseudobagarius'' is a genus of catfishes ( order Siluriformes) of the family Akysidae. Taxonomy ''Pseudobagarius'' includes species that were originally part of the ''pseudobagarius'' group of the genus ''Akysis''. This group was first recognized in 1998; the authors recognized it as conceivable that this group and the ''Akysis variegatus'' represented two genera, but tentatively retained the species in a single genus. The genus was erected for these species in 2007. Distribution and habitat ''Pseudobagarius'' species are from Southeast Asia, including Borneo, Cambodia, China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. ''Pseudobagarius'' species typically inhabit clear, swiftly flowing upland streams with sandy or rocky substrates. However, ''P. similis'' is known to occur in brackish water. Description ''Pseudobagarius'' species are akysids with the snout extending well anterior of the margin of lower jaw (which renders the mouth subterminal), the anterior and posterior nostrils relative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akysidae
The stream catfishes comprise the family Akysidae of catfishes. Distribution and habitat Akysids are known from across a large area in Southeast Asia. They are found in fresh water. Fish of the subfamily Parakysinae are primarily found in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Sarawak, and western and southern Borneo. Most species are generally found in deeper parts of relatively swift rivers and forest streams. Taxonomy It includes at least 57 species in five genera; many species are only recently described. The family is divided into two subfamilies, Akysinae and Parakysinae. The Parakysinae had previously been listed as an independent family. This family is sister to a clade formed by Sisoridae, Erethistidae, and Aspredinidae. Description Akysids are small to minute fishes with cryptic colouration, tiny eyes, and completely covered with unculiferous plaques or tubercles. In some genera, some of the tubercles on the body are enlarged and arranged in distinctive longitudinal rows, the n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parakysis
''Parakysis'' is a genus of catfishes ( order Siluriformes) of the family Akysidae. It includes six species. Distribution ''Parakysis'' species are found in small forest streams of Sundaic Southeast Asia. ''P. anomalopteryx'' originates from the Kapuas River basin in western Borneo. ''P. grandis'' inhabits the Kapuas and Kuching River basins in Borneo and Deli, Indragiri, and Batang Hari basins in Sumatra. ''P. longirostris'' is distributed in Singapore, peninsular Malaysia, and the Riau Archipelago. ''P. verrucosus'' is known from Peninsular Malaysia and the Riau Archipelago. The discovery of ''P. notialis'' in 2003 expanded the known range of ''Parakysis'' species to the Barito River basin in southern Borneo. Description They are cryptically colored fishes that have a highly rugose skin with tubercles all over the body, branched mandibular barbels, a long, low adipose ridge, and a forked caudal fin. ''Parakysis'' species characteristically have pigmented tubercles and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptocoryne Affinis
''Cryptocoryne affinis'' is a plant species belonging to the Araceae genus ''Cryptocoryne''. Distribution SW Malay Peninsula (Pahang), sometimes occurs in part of Perak state. Description Long lanceolate leaves 6-12 inches (15–30 cm) long with an attractive bluish-green upper surface, a light green midrib and side nerves. The underside of the leaves is a deep reddish purple. The leaf stems are short in proportion to the leaf blade. Several forms are sold in the aquarium trade differing in colour and serration of the leaf edge. Variable dependent on how it is grown and light levels. Leaves dark green above and purple to violet beneath. Flowers may be produced even when grown completely submersed. The inflorescence reaches about 10 inches (25 cm) with the spathe elongated into a purple-red, spirally-coiled blade. Cultivation Considered easy to cultivate. Reluctant to flower even in emersed culture. The leaves are darker in shady conditions and it will grow in modera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptic Coloration
Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see, or by disguising them as something else. Examples include the leopard's spotted coat, the battledress of a modern soldier, and the leaf-mimic katydid's wings. A third approach, motion dazzle, confuses the observer with a conspicuous pattern, making the object visible but momentarily harder to locate, as well as making general aiming easier. The majority of camouflage methods aim for crypsis, often through a general resemblance to the background, high contrast disruptive coloration, eliminating shadow, and countershading. In the open ocean, where there is no background, the principal methods of camouflage are transparency, silvering, and countershading, while the bioluminescence, ability to produce light is among other things used for counter-illumination on the undersides of cephalopods such as squid. Some animals, such as chamel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fish Measurement
Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of their anatomies. These data are used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fisheries biology. Overall length * Standard length (SL) is the length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the last vertebra or to the posterior end of the midlateral portion of the hypural plate. Simply put, this measurement excludes the length of the caudal (tail) fin. * Total length (TL) is the length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the tip of the longer lobe of the caudal fin, usually measured with the lobes compressed along the midline. It is a straight-line measure, not measured over the curve of the body. Standard length measurements are used with Teleostei (most bony fish), while total length measurements are used with Myxini (hagfish), Petromyzontiformes (lampreys), and (usually) Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays), as well as some other fishes. Total length meas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tubercle
In anatomy, a tubercle (literally 'small tuber', Latin for 'lump') is any round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on external or internal organs of a plant or an animal. In plants A tubercle is generally a wart-like projection, but it has slightly different meaning depending on which family of plants or animals it is used to refer to. In the case of certain orchids and cacti, it denotes a round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on the lip. They are also known as podaria (singular ''podarium''). When referring to some members of the pea family, it is used to refer to the wart-like excrescences that are found on the roots. In fungi In mycology, a tubercle is used to refer to a mass of hyphae from which a mushroom is made. In animals When it is used in relation to certain dorid nudibranchs such as '' Peltodoris nobilis'', it means the nodules on the dorsum of the animal. The tubercles in nudibranchs can present themselves in different ways: e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka.", "Modern human beings—''Homo sapiens''—originated in Africa. Then, int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citarum River
The Citarum River ( su, Walungan Citarum) is the longest and largest river in West Java, Indonesia. It is the third longest river in Java, after Bengawan Solo and Brantas. It plays an important role in the life of the people of West Java. It has been noted for being considered one of the most polluted rivers in the world. History In Indonesian history the Citarum is linked with the 4th-century Tarumanagara kingdom, as the kingdom and the river shared the same etymology, derived from the word "tarum" (Sundanese for indigo plant). The earlier 4th-century BCE prehistoric Buni clay pottery-making culture flourished near the river's mouth. Stone inscriptions, Chinese sources, and archaeological sites such as Batujaya and Cibuaya suggest that human habitation and civilization flourished in and around the river estuaries and river valley as early as the 4th century and even earlier. Geography The river flows in the northwest area of Java with a predominantly tropical monsoon climate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myanmar
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, John Wells explains, the English spellings of both Myanmar and Burma assume a non-rhotic variety of English, in which the letter r before a consonant or finally serves merely to indicate a long vowel: [ˈmjænmɑː, ˈbɜːmə]. So the pronunciation of the last syllable of Myanmar as [mɑːr] or of Burma as [bɜːrmə] by some speakers in the UK and most speakers in North America is in fact a spelling pronunciation based on a misunderstanding of non-rhotic spelling conventions. The final ''r'' in ''Myanmar'' was not intended for pronunciation and is there to ensure that the final a is pronounced with the broad a, broad ''ah'' () in "father". If the Burmese name my, မြန်မာ, label=none were spelled "Myanma" in English, this would b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
