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Ahaetulla Head
''Ahaetulla,'' commonly referred to as Asian vine snakes or Asian whip snakes, is a genus of colubrid snakes distributed throughout tropical Asia. They are considered by some scientists to be mildly venomous and are what is commonly termed as 'rear-fanged' or more appropriately, opisthoglyphous, meaning their enlarged teeth or fangs, intended to aid in venom delivery, are located in the back of the upper jaw, instead of in the front as they are in vipers or cobras. As colubrids, Ahaetulla do not possess a true venom gland or a sophisticated venom delivery system. The Duvernoy's gland of this genus, homologous to the venom gland of true venomous snakes, produces a secretion which, though not well studied, is considered not to be medically significant to humans. Green-colored members of this genus are often referred to as green vine snakes. They are not to be confused with the "green vine snake" ''Oxybelis fulgidus'', which convergently appears very similar but is found in Central ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahaetulla Dispar
''Ahaetulla dispar'', the Gunther's vine snake, is a species of tree snake endemic to the Western Ghats. It is primarily restricted to the Shola forests of the Southern Western Ghats where it is found often on high-elevation montane grasslands and the low shrub belts. Description Snout pointed and projecting, without dermal appendage, not quite twice as long as the eye. Internasals and prefrontals usually in contact with the labials; one or two small loreals ; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout or longer, as long as the parietals; one preocular, in contact with the frontal, with one or two suboculara below; twopostoculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; upper labials 8, fifth entering the eye; 4 lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior or a little shorter. Scales in 15 rows, those of the sacral region more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals 142–151; anal divided; sub-caudals 90-105. Dorsal body Bright green or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysopelea
''Chrysopelea'', more commonly known as the flying snake or gliding snake is a genus that belongs to the family Colubridae. Flying snakes are mildly venomous, though the venom is dangerous only to their small prey. Their range is in Southeast Asia (the mainland (Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos), Greater and Lesser Sundas, Maluku, and the Philippines), southernmost China, India, and Sri Lanka.De Rooij, N. (1915).The reptiles of the Indo-Australian archipelago Leiden: E.J. Brill. Accessed 2009-07-14. Gliding ''Chrysopelea'' is also known by its common name "flying snake". It climbs using ridge scales along its belly, pushing against the rough bark of tree trunks, allowing it to move vertically up a tree. Upon reaching the end of a branch, the snake continues moving until its tail dangles from the end of the branch. It then makes a J-shape bend, leans forward to select the level of inclination it wishes to use to control its glide path, as well as selecting a desired landin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka.", "Modern human beings—''Homo sapiens''—originated in Africa. Then, int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, and southeast of the Arabian Sea; it is separated from the Indian subcontinent by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait. Sri Lanka shares a maritime border with India and Maldives. Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is its legislative capital, and Colombo is its largest city and financial centre. Sri Lanka has a population of around 22 million (2020) and is a multinational state, home to diverse cultures, languages, and ethnicities. The Sinhalese are the majority of the nation's population. The Tamils, who are a large minority group, have also played an influential role in the island's history. Other long established groups include the Moors, the Burghers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemism
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahaetulla Isabellina
Wall's vine snake (''Ahaetulla isabellina'') is a species of tree snake endemic to the southern Western Ghats of India. Taxonomy It was formerly considered a subspecies of '' A. nasuta'', which is now considered to only be endemic to Sri Lanka. A 2020 study found ''A. nasuta'' to be a species complex of ''A. nasuta sensu stricto'' as well as '' A. borealis'', '' A. farnsworthi'', ''A. isabellina'', and '' A. malabarica'', elevating ''A. isabellina'' to species. The specific epithet is a reference to the isabelline yellow coloration of the species' dorsal body in live condition, which distinguishes it from other species in the complex. Geographic range This species is distributed in the southern Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu and Kerala south of the Palghat Gap, from the Anaimalai Hills south to at least Sivagiri, Kerala, although more work is needed to determine the southern limit of the species' range. Habitat This species is found in evergreen forests An evergreen for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahaetulla Oxyrhyncha
The Indian or Long-nosed vine snake (''Ahaetulla oxyrhyncha'') is a species of diurnal, mildly venomous, arboreal snake distributed in the lowlands of peninsular India.Often mistakenly believed to peck out peoples' eyes, this misconception has, sadly, led to widespread wanton killing of this species. Description A thin and slender-bodied snake that is usually bright grassy green in colour. A pair of white lines extend throughout its body length demarcating the back and under belly parts. Adults reach over 5 feet in length. They have unique horizontal pupil in the eye. Formerly mis-classified as''A. nasuta'', ''A. oxyrhyncha'' is actually a much larger-bodied species that also has a much longer snout. Geographic range This species is distributed throughout the drier plains and low hilly tracts of Peninsular India, except the Western Ghats rainforest. Habitat It is found in many types of vegetation including arid to semi-arid habitats and in dry deciduous forests, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahaetulla Sahyadrensis
''Ahaetulla sahyadrensis'' is a species of tree snake endemic to the Western Ghats of India. It is also reported from Bangladesh. Taxonomy It was formerly considered conspecific with '' A. pulverulenta'' (now considered to be restricted to Sri Lanka), and was described as a subspecies of it (''A. p. indica'') by Paulus Edward Pieris Deraniyagala in 1955. However, a 2020 study recovered it as a distinct species. In addition, a now-defunct subspecies of '' Ahaetulla prasina'', ''A. p. indica'', was described by Rudolf Mell in 1931. Thus, the combination ''Ahaetulla pulverulenta indica'' would be a homonym to ''Ahaetulla prasina indica''. To solve this, a new replacement name, ''A. sahyadrensis'', was erected in 2020. Geographic range This species is the most widespread of all vine snakes endemic to the Western Ghats, ranging from Gujarat south to Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It is also reported from Bangladesh. Habitat It is found in moist deciduous and evergreen forests from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahaetulla Travancorica
The Travancore vine snake (''Ahaetulla travancorica''), is a species of tree snake endemic to the southern Western Ghats of India. Taxonomy It was formerly considered conspecific with '' A. dispar'' (which is now considered to have a more northerly distribution in the Western Ghats), but a 2020 study found it to represent a new species. Geographic range This species is endemic to the Agasthyamalai Hills of the southern Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The specimen that the species was described from originates from a single locality in Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary. The Shencottah Gap north of the Agasthyamalais separates it from its closest relative, ''A. dispar''. Habitat This species is found in high-elevation shola Sholas are the local name for patches of stunted tropical montane forest found in valleys amid rolling grassland in the higher montane regions of South India, largely in Kerala, Karnataka and Tamilnadu. These patches of shola forest are found .. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahaetulla Malabarica
The Malabar vine snake (''Ahaetulla malabarica''), is a species of tree snake endemic to the southern portion of the central Western Ghats of India. Taxonomy It was formerly considered conspecific with '' A. nasuta'', which is now considered to only be endemic to Sri Lanka. A 2020 study found ''A. nasuta'' to be a species complex of ''A. nasuta sensu stricto'' as well as '' A. borealis'', '' A. farnsworthi'', '' A. isabellina'', and ''A. malabarica''. Geographic range This species is distributed in the southern portion of the central Western Ghats, from the Palghat Gap in Tamil Nadu and Kerala north to Tadiandamol in Karnataka. ''A. farnsworthi'' is found to the north of the species' range and may be sympatric with it at Coorg (although largely separated by rivers), while ''A. isabellina'' is found to the south of the species' range, being separated from it by the Palghat Gap. Habitat The species is found in mid-elevation evergreen forests An evergreen forest is a fore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahaetulla Farnsworthi
Farnsworth's vine snake (''Ahaetulla farnsworthi'') is a species of tree snake endemic to the central Western Ghats of India. Taxonomy It was formerly considered conspecific with '' A. nasuta'', which is now considered to only be endemic to Sri Lanka. A 2020 study found ''A. nasuta'' to be a species complex of ''A. nasuta sensu stricto'' as well as '' A. borealis'', ''A. farnsworthi'', '' A. isabellina'', and '' A. malabarica''. The species is named after the character Professor Farnsworth from the American animated television series ''Futurama'', as a reference to the character's efforts in resurrecting barking snakes from extinction. Geographic range This species is endemic to the state of Karnataka, where it is distributed from Coorg to the Agumbe-Kodachadri range. It may be sympatric with ''A. malabarica'' in Coorg, but is largely separated from the species by rivers. Near the northern edge of its range it is flanked by ''A. borealis'', from which it is likely separate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahaetulla Borealis
The northern Western Ghats vine snake (''Ahaetulla borealis'') is a species of tree snake endemic to the northern Western Ghats of India. Taxonomy It was formerly considered conspecific with '' A. nasuta'', which is now considered to only be endemic to Sri Lanka. A 2020 study found ''A. nasuta'' to be a species complex of ''A. nasuta sensu stricto'' as well as ''A. borealis'', '' A. farnsworthi'', '' A. isabellina'', and '' A. malabarica''. Geographic range This species is one of the most widespread of Western Ghats ''Ahaetulla'', ranging from Sirsi, Karnataka north to Matheran, Maharashtra. Near the southern edge of its range it is flanked by ''A. farnsworthi'', from which it is likely separated by the Sharavathi River basin. Habitat It is found in low-to-mid-elevation moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forests at a mean sea level of 300 – 750. References borealis Borealis (Latin for ''northern'' or ''of the north'') may refer to: Astronomy * Borealis B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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