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Affect (philosophy)
Affect (from Latin ''affectus'' or ''adfectus'') is a concept, used in the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza and elaborated by Henri Bergson, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, that places emphasis on bodily or embodied experience. The word affect takes on a different meaning in psychology and other fields. For Spinoza, as discussed in Parts Two and Three of his ''Ethics'', affects are states of mind and body that are related to (but not exactly synonymous with) feelings and emotions, of which he says there are three primary kinds: pleasure or joy (''laetitia''),Part III, Proposition 56. pain or sorrow (''tristitia'') and desire (''cupiditas'') or appetite."In truth I cannot recognize any difference between human appetite and desire". Subsequent philosophical usage by Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari and their translator Brian Massumi, while derived explicitly from Spinoza, tends to distinguish more sharply than Spinoza does between affect and what are conventionally called emotions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin
Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area around Rome, Italy. Through the expansion of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language in the Italian Peninsula and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. It has greatly influenced many languages, Latin influence in English, including English, having contributed List of Latin words with English derivatives, many words to the English lexicon, particularly after the Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England, Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons and the Norman Conquest. Latin Root (linguistics), roots appear frequently in the technical vocabulary used by fields such as theology, List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names, the sciences, List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes, medicine, and List of Latin legal terms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhetoric
Rhetoric is the art of persuasion. It is one of the three ancient arts of discourse ( trivium) along with grammar and logic/ dialectic. As an academic discipline within the humanities, rhetoric aims to study the techniques that speakers or writers use to inform, persuade, and motivate their audiences. Rhetoric also provides heuristics for understanding, discovering, and developing arguments for particular situations. Aristotle defined rhetoric as "the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion", and since mastery of the art was necessary for victory in a case at law, for passage of proposals in the assembly, or for fame as a speaker in civic ceremonies, he called it "a combination of the science of logic and of the ethical branch of politics". Aristotle also identified three persuasive audience appeals: logos, pathos, and ethos. The five canons of rhetoric, or phases of developing a persuasive speech, were first codified in classical Rome: i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Passions (philosophy)
In philosophy and religion, the passions are understood to be the emotions, instincts and desires that drive a human being (including lust, anger, aggression, jealousy, etc.). Different philosophical traditions hold different views about the passions. The philosophical notion of passion, in contrast, is generally identified with instinctually driven emotional states, in many ancient philosophies and religious doctrines, the passions are the basis for deadly sins and seen as leading to various social and spiritual ills. In Western philosophical traditions, the passions are often placed in opposition to reason. Some seventeenth-century philosophers worked within an intellectual "milieu" in which the passions were regarded as a potent element of human nature, capable of disrupting any civilized order, including philosophy, unless they were tamed, outwitted, overruled, or seduced. Natural philosophy deals with the actions and operations of passions, and the task of moral philosophy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immanent Evaluation
Immanent evaluation is a philosophical concept used by Gilles Deleuze in his essay "Qu'est-ce qu'un dispositif ?" (1989), where it is seen as the opposite of transcendent judgment. Deleuze writes about Michel Foucault Paul-Michel Foucault ( , ; ; 15 October 192625 June 1984) was a French History of ideas, historian of ideas and Philosophy, philosopher who was also an author, Literary criticism, literary critic, Activism, political activist, and teacher. Fo ...: "Foucault ... makes allusion to 'aesthetic' criteria, which are understood as criteria for life and replace on each occasion the claims of transcendental judgement 'jugement transcendant''with an immanent evaluation 'évaluation immanente''.Gilles Deleuze. 1992. "What Is a dispositif?" In: ''Michel Foucault: Philosopher''. Ed. T. J. Armstrong. Hartfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheft, 159–168, esp. 163; original: "Qu'est-ce qu'un dispositif ?" in Association pour le Centre Michel Foucault, ''Michel Foucault, philosoph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conatus
In the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza, conatus (; :wikt:conatus; Latin for "effort; endeavor; impulse, inclination, tendency; undertaking; striving") is an innate inclination of a thing to continue to exist and enhance itself. This ''thing'' may be mind, matter, or a combination of both, and is often associated with God's will in a pantheist view of nature. The ''conatus'' may refer to the instinctive ''will to live'' of living organisms or to various metaphysical theories of motion and inertia. Today, ''conatus'' is rarely used in the technical sense, since classical mechanics uses concepts such as inertia and conservation of momentum that have superseded it. It has, however, been a notable influence on later thinkers such as Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Nietzsche. Definition and origin The Latin '' cōnātus'' comes from the verb '' cōnor'', which is usually translated into English as, ''to endeavor''; used as an abstract noun, ''conatus'' is an innate inclination of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Affectionism
Affection or fondness is a "disposition or state of mind or body" commonly linked to a feeling or type of love. It has led to multiple branches in philosophy and psychology that discuss emotion, disease, influence, and state of being. Often, "affection" denotes more than mere goodwill or friendship. Writers on ethics generally use the word to refer to distinct states of feeling, both lasting and temporary. Some contrast it with '' passion'' as being free from the distinctively sensual element. Affection can elicit diverse emotional reactions such as embarrassment, disgust, pleasure, and annoyance. The emotional and physical effect of affection also varies between the giver and the receiver. Restricted definition Sometimes the term is restricted to emotional states directed towards living entities, including humans and animals. Affection is often compared with passion, stemming from the Greek word . Consequently, references to affection are found in the works of philosophers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Affect Theory
Affect theory is a theory that seeks to organize affects, sometimes used interchangeably with emotions or subjectively experienced feelings, into discrete categories and to typify their physiological, social, interpersonal, and internalized manifestations. The conversation about affect theory has been taken up in psychology, psychoanalysis, neuroscience, medicine, interpersonal communication, literary theory, critical theory, media studies, and gender studies, among other fields. Hence, affect theory is defined in different ways, depending on the discipline. Affect theory is originally attributed to the psychologist Silvan Tomkins, introduced in the first two volumes of his book ''Affect Imagery Consciousness'' (1962). Tomkins uses the concept of ''affect'' to refer to the "biological portion of emotion," defined as the "hard-wired, preprogrammed, genetically transmitted mechanisms that exist in each of us," which, when triggered, precipitate a "known pattern of biological ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cognitive Science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, economics, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology.Thagard, PaulCognitive Science, ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neuron, neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embodied Cognition
Embodied cognition represents a diverse group of theories which investigate how cognition is shaped by the bodily state and capacities of the organism. These embodied factors include the motor system, the perceptual system, bodily interactions with the environment (situatedness), and the assumptions about the world that shape the functional structure of the brain and body of the organism. Embodied cognition suggests that these elements are essential to a wide spectrum of cognitive functions, such as perception biases, memory recall, comprehension and high-level mental constructs (such as meaning attribution and Categorization, categories) and performance on various cognitive tasks (reasoning or judgment). The embodied mind thesis challenges other theories, such as Cognitivism (psychology), cognitivism, computationalism, and Dualism (philosophy of mind), Cartesian dualism. It is closely related to the extended mind thesis, situated cognition, and enactivism. The modern version dep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Carruthers (philosopher)
Peter Carruthers (born 16 June 1952) is a philosopher working primarily in the area of philosophy of mind. He is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Maryland, College Park, University of Maryland, associate member of Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program and member of the Committee for Philosophy and the Sciences. Background Before he moved to the University of Maryland, College Park, University of Maryland in 2001, Carruthers was Professor of Philosophy at the University of Sheffield where he founded and directed the Hang Seng Centre for Cognitive Studies and prior to that was a lecturer at University of Essex, Queen's University of Belfast, University of St. Andrews, and University of Oxford. He was educated at the University of Leeds before studying for his Doctor of Philosophy, D.Phil at University of Oxford under Michael Dummett. Notable ideas The role of language in cognition There is a spectrum of opinions on the role of language in cognition. At one extr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel D
Daniel commonly refers to: * Daniel (given name), a masculine given name and a surname * List of people named Daniel * List of people with surname Daniel * Daniel (biblical figure) * Book of Daniel, a biblical apocalypse, "an account of the activities and visions of Daniel" Daniel may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Literature * Daniel (Old English poem), ''Daniel'' (Old English poem), an adaptation of the Book of Daniel * ''Daniel'', a 2006 novel by Richard Adams * Daniel (Mankell novel), ''Daniel'' (Mankell novel), 2007 Music * Daniel (Bat for Lashes song), "Daniel" (Bat for Lashes song) (2009) * Daniel (Elton John song), "Daniel" (Elton John song) (1973) * "Daniel", a song from ''Beautiful Creature'' by Juliana Hatfield * Daniel (album), ''Daniel'' (album), a 2024 album by Real Estate Other arts and entertainment * Daniel (1983 film), ''Daniel'' (1983 film), by Sidney Lumet * Daniel (2019 film), ''Daniel'' (2019 film), a Danish film * Daniel (comics), a character in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mog Stapleton
Mog may refer to: Entertainment Characters * Mog (''Final Fantasy VI''), in the game * Mog (Judith Kerr), a cat in Kerr's children's books * Mog, a half-man/half-dog in the film ''Spaceballs'' * A cat in the Meg and Mog children's books by Helen Nicoll * Invaders from Mogadore in the book series ''Lorien Legacies'' by Pittacus Lore * Gremlins Mogwai (Animals in Gremlins Movie) Other * MOG (online music), an online music website * ''Mog'' (TV series), UK * Multiplayer online game People * Mog (Abenaki leader) (1663-1724) * Mog, Palatine of Hungary (died after 1210) * MOG Music, Ghanaian contemporary gospel singer * Jackson Land, Famous New Zealand Model * Francisco Lachowski Chico is a famous supermodel who is known as the "Mogger" Places * Monghsat Airport (IATA code: MOG), Monghsat, Burma * Moorgate railway station, London, UK, National Rail code Science and mathematics * Miracle Octad Generator, a mathematical tool * Modified gravity theory * Myelin oligodendrocyte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
