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Affaire Des 16 De Basse-Pointe
L’affaire des 16 de Basse-Pointe or the "Case of the Basse-Pointe Sixteen" is an unsolved French criminal case that lasted from 1948 until 1951. The trial went beyond the framework of the Assize Court to become a trial about French colonialism in the Antilles. It was also notable for the outpouring of solidarity from trade union and communist movements in Martinique and in mainland France, Bordeaux in particular. Overview In September 1948 there was a strike on a sugar plantation in Basse-Pointe, Martinique. On September 6, the white administrator, Guy de Fabrique Saint-Tours, was killed by thirty-six strikes with a large blade (a cutlass or a machete). Following an intense manhunt lasting several weeks, sixteen sugar cane cutters were arrested. They were imprisoned in Martinique for three years awaiting trial until their 1951 transfer to Bordeaux. All were acquitted due to lack of evidence. Progress of the case A tense social context In 1946, Martinique had transformed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cour D'assises
In France, a ''cour d'assises'', or Court of Assizes or Assize Court, is a criminal trial court with original and appellate limited jurisdiction to hear cases involving defendants accused of felonies, meaning crimes as defined in French law. It is the only French court consisting in a jury trial. Justiciable matters Under French law, the definition of a ''crime ( m)'' is limited to any criminal act punishable by over 10 years of prison, including murder and rape. Previous death penalty application The ''cour d'assises'', uniquely outside military law, could sentence proven convicts for serious crimes, e.g. murder (''assassinat'' or ''meurtre'') to the death penalty, until it was abolished from French law in September 1981. In the sentencing phase, a qualified majority would vote on the verdict, or 2/3 of the jury, the same procedure as in rendering the guilty verdict. One of the last famous death penalty trials, that of Patrick Henry in 1977, famously ended in a life sentenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Indenture System
The Indian indenture system was a system of indentured servitude, by which more than one million Indians were transported to labour in European colonies, as a substitute for slave labor, following the abolition of the trade in the early 19th century. The system expanded after the abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1833, in the French colonies in 1848, and in the Dutch Empire in 1863. British Indian indentureship lasted till the 1920s. This resulted in the development of a large Indian diaspora in the Caribbean, Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Réunion, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Myanmar, British Guyana, to Fiji, as well as the growth of Indo-Caribbean, Indo-African, Indo-Fijian, Indo-Malaysian, Indo-Guyanese and Indo-Singaporean populations. First indenture On 18 January 1826, the Government of the French Indian Ocean island of Réunion laid down terms for the introduction of Indian labourers to the colony. Each man was required to appear before ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murder In Martinique
Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human with malice aforethought. ("The killing of another person without justification or excuse, especially the crime of killing a person with malice aforethought or with recklessness manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life.") This state of mind may, depending upon the jurisdiction, distinguish murder from other forms of unlawful homicide, such as manslaughter. Manslaughter is killing committed in the absence of ''malice'',This is "malice" in a technical legal sense, not the more usual English sense denoting an emotional state. See malice (law). brought about by reasonable provocation, or diminished capacity. ''Involuntary'' manslaughter, where it is recognized, is a killing that lacks all but the most attenuated guilty intent, recklessness. Most societies consider murder to be an extremely serious crime, and thus that a pers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palais De Justice BORDEAUX
{{disambig, surname ...
Palais () may refer to: * Dance hall, popularly a ''palais de danse'', in the 1950s and 1960s in the UK * ''Palais'', French for palace **Grand Palais, the Grand Palais des Champs-Elysées **Petit Palais, an art museum in Paris * Palais River in the French ''département'' of Deux-Sèvres * Palais Theatre, historic cinema ("picture palace") in Melbourne, Australia *Richard Palais (born 1931), American mathematician *Le Palais, a commune in Morbihan departement, France See also *Palais Royal (other) * Palai (other) * Palace (other) * Palas (other) A palas is that part of a medieval imperial palace or castle which contains the great hall and other prestigious state rooms. Palas may also refer to: Places * Palas, Iran, a village in Iran * Palas, a former commune, nowadays a neighbourhood in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerty Archimède
Gerty Archimède (Gerty, Marie, Bernadette Archimède) (born 26 April 1909 in Morne-a-l'Eau, Guadeloupe – died 15 April 1980 in Morne-a-l'Eau, Guadeloupe) was a politician from Guadeloupe who served in the French National Assembly from 1946-1951. She was the first female lawyer to pass the Guadeloupe Bar and the second black woman elected to the French National Assembly, shortly after Eugénie Éboué-Tell. Archimède was a lawyer, prominent member of the Parti Communiste Guadeloupeen (PCG), founder and president of the Union des Femmes Guadeloupeennes, conseiller general from Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe. Biography The oldest of a five children family, Gerty is the daughter of Justin Archimède, who was elected Mayor of Morne-à-l'eau back in 1923. Guadeloupean lawyer, she was the first woman member of the bar of Guadeloupe in 1939. She had an active political career. in 1945, she is elected Departmental Councillor on the Social-Communist Proletarian group list before being ele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Gratiant
Georges Gratiant, (6 January, 1907-20 June, 1992) was a lawyer and politician from Martinique. He was mayor of Le Lamentin from 1959 to 1989 and president of the General Council from 1946 to 1947. Biography Youth and early activism Georges Gratiant was born on 6 January, 1907 in the commune of Saint-Esprit in Martinique, part of a well-to-do family. After his secondary education at the Lycée Schœlcher where he obtained his baccalaureate, Georges Gratiant studied law in France. He obtained a law degree and was admitted to the bar in Fort-de-France as a lawyer. Sensitive to the poverty of his fellow Martinicians, Marxist ideas appealed to him; he became a communist activist. He founded the "Common Front" group in the early 1930s with René Ménil, Victor Lamon and Thélus Léro. In 1936, they merged with the "Jean Jaurès" group, then formed the in 1938. 1941-1943: Georges Gratiant participates with René Ménil, Aristide Maugée, Aimé and Suzanne Césaire in editi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mouvement Contre Le Racisme Et Pour L'amitié Entre Les Peuples
The ''Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l'amitié entre les peuples'' (MRAP; Movement Against Racism and for Friendship between Peoples) is an anti-racist French NGO founded in 1949. Origins and name changes In 1941, the ''Mouvement national contre le racisme'' (MNCR, the "National Movement Against Racism") was created by several members of the French Resistance who believed that a specific struggle against racism was a crucial part of France's liberation from German occupation. One of their primary goals was to save as many black children as possible from deportation. The movement coordinated its actions with the Protestant and Catholic Church. Two clandestine newspapers, ''J'accuse'' in the North zone and ''Fraternité'' in the South zone, were established to counter the racist ideology of the Nazis and the Vichy state. On May 22, 1949, several MNCR members, including the painter Marc Chagall and the Social Catholic leader Marc Sangnier, created the ''Mouvement contre le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Havre
Le Havre (, ; nrf, Lé Hâvre ) is a port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the river Seine on the Channel southwest of the Pays de Caux, very close to the Prime Meridian. Le Havre is the most populous commune of Upper Normandy, although the total population of the greater Le Havre conurbation is smaller than that of Rouen. After Reims, it is also the second largest subprefecture in France. The name ''Le Havre'' means "the harbour" or "the port". Its inhabitants are known as ''Havrais'' or ''Havraises''. The city and port were founded by King Francis I in 1517. Economic development in the Early modern period was hampered by religious wars, conflicts with the English, epidemics, and storms. It was from the end of the 18th century that Le Havre started growing and the port took off first with the slave trade then other international trade. After the 1944 bombings the firm of Auguste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fort-de-France
Fort-de-France (, , ; gcf, label=Martinican Creole, Fodfwans) is a Communes of France, commune and the capital city of Martinique, an overseas department and region of France located in the Caribbean. It is also one of the major cities in the Caribbean. History In 1638, Jacques Dyel du Parquet (1606–1658), nephew of Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc and first governor of Martinique, decided to have Fort Saint Louis built to protect the city against enemy attacks. The fort was soon destroyed, and rebuilt in 1669, when Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV appointed the Marquis of Baas as governor general. Under his orders and those of his successors, particularly the Charles de Courbon de Blénac, Count of Blénac, the fort was built with a Vauban design. Originally named Fort-Royal, the administrative capital of Martinique was over-shadowed by Saint-Pierre, Martinique, Saint-Pierre, the oldest city in the island, which was renowned for its commercial and cultural vibrancy as "The Paris of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Moch
Jules Salvador Moch (15 March 1893, in Paris – 1 August 1985, in Cabris, Alpes-Maritimes) was a French politician. Biography Moch was born into a renowned French Jewish military family, the son of Captain Gaston Moch and Rébecca Alice Pontremoli. His grandfather was Colonel Jules Moch. His upbringing occurred during a growing socialist movement in France. He was in Polytechnique along with Alfred Dreyfus. As an engineer ('' polytechnicien'') who took part in the X-Crise Group, he was a socialist member of Parliament for Drôme and then Hérault from 1928 to 1936 and from 1937 to 1940. He was Under-secretary of State in prime minister Léon Blum's office (1937) and became Minister of Public Works in 1938. During World War II Moch was critical of the Vichy French government and was jailed but later was released. He joined and helped organise the Paris underground. He also helped other French Resistance activities in France. When the Free French Naval Forces was organize ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Colonial Empire
The French colonial empire () comprised the overseas colonies, protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward. A distinction is generally made between the "First French Colonial Empire", that existed until 1814, by which time most of it had been lost or sold, and the "Second French Colonial Empire", which began with the conquest of Algiers in 1830. At its apex between the two world wars, the second French colonial empire was the second-largest colonial empire in the world behind the British Empire. France began to establish colonies in North America, the Caribbean and India in the 17th century but lost most of its possessions following its defeat in the Seven Years' War. The North American possessions were lost to Britain and Spain but the latter returned Louisiana (New France) to France in 1800. The territory was then sold to the United States in 1803. France rebuilt a new empire mostly after 1850, concentrating chiefly in Afri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martinican Communist Party
The Martinican Communist Party (french: Parti communiste martiniquais) is a political party in the France, French ''département d'outre-mer'' of Martinique. Georges Erichot is the general secretary of the party. The party was founded in September 1957 at the first conference of the Martinique federation of the French Communist Party. Amongst its founders was the communist MP Léopold Bissol. In the early 1960s PCM became the largest party in Martinique. In 1971 the party governed 4 municipalities. The strength of PCM was based on upon its mass organizations; the General Confederation of Labour of Martinique, the Martinican Communist Youth Union and the Union of Martinican Women. PCM conducted extensive work amongst the peasant population. At the time the policy of PCM stressed the specific conditions of the historical development of Martinique, the immediate need of a broad front to fight for autonomy for establishing 'democratic power, under control the masses, while maintaining e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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